專題43 語法填空之給詞填空（講案）原卷版

1/21高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)清單專題43語法填空之給詞填空滿分策略（講案）原卷版（快問快答+思維導(dǎo)圖+考法點(diǎn)撥+真題再練+名校模擬）目錄一、語法填空快問快答P2二、語法填空高考考情P2三、語法填空解題策略P3四、語法填空思維導(dǎo)圖P4五、語法填空考法點(diǎn)撥P4考法一：提示詞為動(dòng)詞填寫謂語P4考法二：提示詞為動(dòng)詞填寫非謂語動(dòng)詞P8考法三：提示詞為動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞或形容詞P9考法四：提示詞為名詞考查單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格P11考法五：提示詞為名詞考查轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞或動(dòng)詞P11考法六：提示詞為代詞考查代詞的賓格、形容詞性物主代詞或反身代詞P13考法七：提示詞為形容詞考查轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞P14考法八：提示詞為形容詞考查其比較等級(jí)P15考法九：提示詞為基數(shù)詞考查其序數(shù)詞P15六、語法填空真題演練(3組6篇)P15七、語法填空名校模擬(15篇)P17一、語法填空快問快答Q1：語法填空有什么特點(diǎn)？A1：在一篇200詞左右的語篇中留出10處空白，給詞填空占6—7個(gè)小題，每空最多填寫三個(gè)單詞，自由填空題設(shè)3—4個(gè)小題，每空只填一詞。Q2：語法填空做題步驟如何？A2：第一，通讀全文、明確大意。在通讀全文的過程中，弄清文章的體裁、題材(話題)、中心思想、寫作主線、段落層次等，這不僅有利于讀懂全文大意，也有利于填空時(shí)必要的邏輯推理。第二，細(xì)讀全文、逐項(xiàng)填空、先易后難。分出有提示詞和無提示詞兩類，分析提示詞詞性。重點(diǎn)分析空格句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。先易后難，利用下文，或在核查時(shí)進(jìn)一步聯(lián)系上、下文推理解答。第三，復(fù)讀全文、清除難點(diǎn)。將所有答案填進(jìn)短文中并進(jìn)行通讀。通讀時(shí)注意上下文間的邏輯關(guān)系，避免出現(xiàn)前后矛盾或句子不通順的問題。Q3：語法填空有哪些命題趨勢(shì)？A3：高考英語語法填空命題注重通過精選語篇體現(xiàn)中華文明與世界文明的交流互鑒，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生增強(qiáng)國(guó)家認(rèn)同和家國(guó)情懷，堅(jiān)定文化自信，拓展國(guó)際視野，在跨文化交流學(xué)習(xí)中增進(jìn)國(guó)際理解，推動(dòng)世界文明共同發(fā)展。一是考查中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，二是考查生活故事，三是考查科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)步。Q4：如何提高語法填空正答率？A4：一要掌握語法填空命題規(guī)律，熟能生巧，二要不斷擴(kuò)大詞匯量，尤其是3500高考高頻詞匯變形和固定搭配，三要廣泛進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練，積累做題經(jīng)驗(yàn)，摸索出一套行之有效的個(gè)性化做題模式，四要重視糾錯(cuò)，探尋錯(cuò)誤原因，防止出現(xiàn)類似錯(cuò)誤。二、語法填空高考考情2020-2024年高考語法填空考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)年份卷別詞數(shù)給詞提示型無提示詞型謂語非謂語名詞形容詞副詞代詞介詞冠詞數(shù)詞并列句復(fù)合句2024新課標(biāo)I卷2431231111新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷220232111全國(guó)甲卷22321211122023新課標(biāo)I卷203421111新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷21111221111全國(guó)甲卷2201311211全國(guó)乙卷20123111112022新課標(biāo)I卷22922111111新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷2252212111全國(guó)甲卷2191312111全國(guó)乙卷222131111112021新課標(biāo)I卷20011131111新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷22012121111全國(guó)甲卷1862212111全國(guó)乙卷204122111112020新課標(biāo)I國(guó)I卷210311212全國(guó)Ⅱ卷2081312111全國(guó)III卷235321211點(diǎn)評(píng)：1.文章長(zhǎng)約200個(gè)詞，設(shè)空10個(gè)。設(shè)空密度科學(xué)合理；2.給詞填空占6-7空，自由填空占3-4空；3.謂語和非謂語動(dòng)詞是每年必考點(diǎn)，并列句和復(fù)合句也是高考熱點(diǎn)；4.實(shí)詞為主，虛詞為輔；介詞考查相對(duì)比較頻繁。三、語法填空解題策略1.瀏覽全文，明確大意瀏覽全文的目的是盡快把握其大意，利用“大意”這條“主線”來引導(dǎo)自己，為下一步填空作好準(zhǔn)備。除大意之外，在通讀全文的過程中，考生有必要弄清該文的體裁、題材、中心思想、寫作主線、段落層次等。了解這些問題，有利于考生真正讀懂全文大意，也有利于在填空時(shí)進(jìn)行必要的邏輯推理。2.細(xì)讀全文，逐項(xiàng)填空了解文章大意之后，就可以著手填空了?？忌羁盏倪^程實(shí)際上是一個(gè)判斷空缺部分的語義（已給出詞語的除外）和正確的語法形式的思維過程。遇到無法確定的題目，可以先跳過去，不要花費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間停留在一個(gè)空上。對(duì)于這些沒有答出的題目，后面的內(nèi)容有可能會(huì)給出提示，或者在核查時(shí)聯(lián)系上下文進(jìn)行推理。 3.實(shí)用技能，反復(fù)顏值括號(hào)內(nèi)給動(dòng)詞的三種填法：一是謂語動(dòng)詞方向，然后進(jìn)一步考慮該謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致；二是非謂語動(dòng)詞方向，再結(jié)合語境邏輯和搭配考慮用動(dòng)詞不定式、-ing形式或過去分詞；三是動(dòng)詞詞類轉(zhuǎn)換方向，結(jié)合語境考慮動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞或轉(zhuǎn)化為-ing/-ed形容詞。填寫動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致“四看”：一看句子明確的時(shí)間狀語，如inthepastthreemonths;二看句子特定的句型，如Thisisthefirsttimethat…;三看主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，如狀語從句考慮“主將從現(xiàn)”；四看特定語境，如科普類文章多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故事經(jīng)歷類文章多用一般過去時(shí)。語法填空兩個(gè)重要理念：一是同一個(gè)考點(diǎn)不重復(fù)考查。如謂語考查兩個(gè)不同時(shí)態(tài)或同一時(shí)態(tài)不同語態(tài)；非謂語考查todo,-ing或-ed形式中1-3個(gè)；名詞考查動(dòng)詞變名詞或單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)；形容詞考查變副詞或比較等級(jí)等；介詞、冠詞、代詞同一語篇一般只考查一次。二是括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞一次變形。想考查副詞給形容詞；想考查名詞給動(dòng)詞或形容詞；想考查形容詞給名詞或動(dòng)詞；想考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)給名詞單數(shù)形式。4.復(fù)讀全文，調(diào)整答案在答題時(shí)間充裕的情況下，復(fù)查是必要的。復(fù)查的方法是將所有答案代入短文中進(jìn)行檢查，以最后確定答案。通讀時(shí)要注意上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，避免出現(xiàn)前后矛盾或句子不通順的問題。一旦理順全文信息且多數(shù)空也已填好，一開始感到棘手的難點(diǎn)很可能此時(shí)已迎刃而解。四、語法填空思維導(dǎo)圖五、語法填空考法點(diǎn)撥考法一：提示詞為動(dòng)詞填寫謂語【思維導(dǎo)圖】【高考細(xì)目】2020-2024年高考語法填空括號(hào)給動(dòng)詞考查明細(xì)表年份卷別謂語（時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)一致）非謂語動(dòng)詞詞類轉(zhuǎn)換（轉(zhuǎn)名詞、形容詞）2024新課標(biāo)I卷60.walks58.togive59.closed新課標(biāo)II卷58.were61.wasbuilt60.inspired65.tofind66.Recalling全國(guó)甲卷64.were65.bedone61.tocatch68.completion2023新課標(biāo)I卷57.tobite59.recognized61.tobelifted65.wanting新課標(biāo)II卷65.wished60.visiting56.arrival全國(guó)甲卷70.beemployed61.toteach65.borrowing66.intended65.warning全國(guó)乙卷67.wasamazed70.means62.built66.Havingvisited68.recording2022新課標(biāo)I卷58.were60.isdesigned56.Covering59.toincrease新課標(biāo)II卷62.wasfixing63.threw56.falling59.tosee全國(guó)甲卷67.haswalked61.tojourney63.held70.tection全國(guó)乙卷63.addressed66.shared68.Tostrengthen69.inviting2021新課標(biāo)I卷61.was60.astonished63.aching新課標(biāo)II卷57.thinking58.toeducate62.excited64.representative全國(guó)甲卷61.wasbuilt66.hired63.towalk64.spending全國(guó)乙卷61.educated67.visiting70.tohave62.development2020新課標(biāo)卷60.arecalled61.is58.formed63.walking全國(guó)I卷61.touched67.means68.isconstructed66.tofind全國(guó)II卷62.ing65.decorated68.tocare61.celebration全國(guó)III卷63.bechosen66.pointed67.tofind69.surrounding技法一：如何確定是否作謂語句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析法1.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)若為簡(jiǎn)單句，在主語后面要填動(dòng)詞，而且只有這一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，則該空格應(yīng)填謂語動(dòng)詞。2.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)若為并列句，可知并列詞前后兩個(gè)句子都要有自己的謂語動(dòng)詞。3.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)若為復(fù)合句，可知主從句都要有自己的謂語動(dòng)詞。注意：1.根據(jù)語境、并列謂語、時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞等確定用哪種時(shí)態(tài)；2.根據(jù)主語與謂語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系以確定語態(tài)；3.根據(jù)主語確定謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，做到主謂一致。典例展示(2022新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,61.andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句雖長(zhǎng)，卻是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語，和句子的主語TheGPNP之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；敘述客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語是單數(shù)，謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。故填isdesigned?！菊{(diào)研01】（2024新課標(biāo)II卷）Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,60(inspire)byThePeonyPavilion,61(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.【調(diào)研02】（2023全國(guó)乙卷）The69remarkabledevelopmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,70(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.【調(diào)研03】(2020?全國(guó)III卷)Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand________(point)downtheriver.技法二：如何確定謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)解題思路技法點(diǎn)撥1.慧眼識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞認(rèn)清常考時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(1)看到often，usually，always，sometimes等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(2)看到y(tǒng)esterday，lastyear，in2022，theotherday等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用一般過去時(shí)。(3)看到tomorrow，nextyear，inthefuture，soon等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用一般將來時(shí)。(4)看到atthismoment，atpresent，now等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。(5)看到since，recently，lately，already，inthelast/pastfewyears，sofar/uptonow，for＋時(shí)間段，eversince...等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(6)看到bythen，bytheendof...等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用過去完成時(shí)。2.瞻前顧后找并列(1)可根據(jù)并列連詞and，but，or，ratherthan，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...等前后的謂語動(dòng)詞形式確定所填謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。(2)同一個(gè)主語的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列謂語，謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要一致。3.通過常用句式法掌握常用句式也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題行之有效的方式，因此平時(shí)要積累并熟記一些常用句式。如：(1)was/weredoingsth.whensb.did...(2)had(just)donesth.when＋一般過去時(shí)(3)This/It/Thatisthefirst/second...timethatsb.have/hasdone...(4)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethatsb.haddone...(5)祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句，陳述句用一般將來時(shí)(6)It’s(high)timethat...did/shoulddosth.4.通過語境暗示法分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，而沒有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語，且其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過正確理解語境即通過題干中的語境暗示解題，也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的行之有效的方法?！菊{(diào)研01】(2023新課標(biāo)II卷)Asalittlegirl,I45(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.【調(diào)研01】(2022全國(guó)甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao67(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s68highestmountain.【調(diào)研03】(2022新課標(biāo)II卷)Henry(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.技法三：如何確定謂語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)解題思路技法點(diǎn)撥1.依據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，辨析主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，若與主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)考慮用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系則考慮用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(2)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本形式為：be＋過去分詞。(3)運(yùn)用上面的技法來判斷是什么時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，再根據(jù)主謂一致判斷be動(dòng)詞的形式。2.牢記主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義的句式結(jié)構(gòu)(1)當(dāng)feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)；(2)當(dāng)read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物動(dòng)詞表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”時(shí)；(3)當(dāng)breakout，takeplace，shutoff，turnoff，workout等動(dòng)詞短語表示“發(fā)生，關(guān)閉，制定”等意思時(shí)?！菊{(diào)研01】(2024浙江1月卷)However,thoughit’snicetogetafewcentsoffapackofsausages,itwouldhelpevenmoreiftheycouldsometimes61(offer)insmallerpacks.【調(diào)研02】(2023全國(guó)乙卷)Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I67(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.【調(diào)研03】(2006全國(guó)I卷)Thewater__________(feel)coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.技法四:如何確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式解題原則技法點(diǎn)撥語法一致原則(1)動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、從句、不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。(2)主語后接介詞短語或其他插入語，如with，togetherwith，aswellas，like，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan，including，inadditionto等謂語的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。(3)and，both...and...連接兩個(gè)不同的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是如果由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(4)定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致。(5)“manya/morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。each，every，no所修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)，即使有and連接，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。就近一致原則(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)...，not...but...等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常與最近的主語保持一致。(2)由there，here引起的句子中主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語的數(shù)通常和最近的主語保持一致。意義一致原則(1)集體名詞作主語時(shí)，若被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有：family，class，team，group等。(2)“the＋形容詞”表示一類人在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(3)由分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)或者partof等修飾時(shí)，要根據(jù)所修飾的名詞確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。【調(diào)研01】（2024新課標(biāo)I卷）Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhouse60(walk)visitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainforthefirsttime.【調(diào)研02】（2024新課標(biāo)II卷）“SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingabout58(be)alsoShakespeare’sconcerns.IhappentoknowthatTang’splayThePeonyPavilion(《牡丹亭》)issimilarinsomewaystoRomeoandJuliet.”【調(diào)研03】（2024全國(guó)甲卷）They64(be)partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.考法二：提示詞為動(dòng)詞填寫非謂語動(dòng)詞若句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞且不是并列謂語時(shí)，則所給動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。一般而言，v.－ing形式表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行；動(dòng)詞－ed形式表示被動(dòng)、完成；動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的、將來、具體或一次性的動(dòng)作。【思維導(dǎo)圖】【調(diào)研01】（2023新高考I卷）Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.【調(diào)研02】（2023新高考I卷）Shanghaimaybethe39(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao’sbirthplace.【調(diào)研03】（2023全國(guó)甲卷）“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,wherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithissurroundings,”herfablebegins,(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.考法三：提示詞為動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞或形容詞當(dāng)所給提示詞雖為動(dòng)詞，但既不是謂語動(dòng)詞又不是非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，就要考慮進(jìn)行詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。高考中常考查動(dòng)詞變?yōu)槊~，偶有變形容詞或副詞的情況。做題時(shí)只需根據(jù)其所作句子成分來確定其詞性便可做出正確的轉(zhuǎn)換。?？紕?dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞后綴歸納后綴示例－ion/－tion/－sion/correct→correction改正celebrate→celebration慶祝conclude→conclusion結(jié)論；結(jié)束discuss→discussion討論；論述decide→decision決定admit→admission承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許加入permit→permission允許，許可invite→invitation邀請(qǐng)explain→explanation解釋expect→expectation期望－er/－orsail→sailor海員，水手drive→driver司機(jī)；駕駛員gather→gatherer收集者，采集者teach→teacher老師announce→announcer廣播員conduct→conductor指揮；售票員－mentpunish→punishment懲罰achieve→achievement成就argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)treat→treatment對(duì)待；治療equip→equipment裝備；設(shè)備govern→government政府a(chǎn)stonish→astonishment驚奇－ance/－enceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌guide→guidance指引；指導(dǎo)perform→performance表演；表現(xiàn)exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏愛refer→reference參考，查閱－ure/－turefail→failure失?。坏归]press→pressure壓力depart→departure離開；出發(fā)mix→mixture混合(物)－inghear→hearing聽力，聽覺begin→beginning開始build→building建筑warn→warning警告－yrecover→recovery恢復(fù)discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)【調(diào)研01】（2024新課標(biāo)I卷）Thelatest56(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective57functionalstructurethatisalsobeautiful.【調(diào)研02】（2024全國(guó)甲卷）Theyallagreedandvowed(承諾)topromotetheideaatthe68(complete)oftheirjourney.Theirpromotionalworkpaidoff.【調(diào)研03】（2023新高考II卷）SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe36(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.【調(diào)研04】（2023全國(guó)甲卷）Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty69(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.【調(diào)研05】（2021新高考II卷）Acompany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.?？紕?dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞后綴歸納后綴示例－ableaccept

vt.接受→acceptable

adj.可接受的enjoyvt.享受→enjoyableadj.令人愉快的suitvt.適合→suitableadj.合適的adjustvt.調(diào)節(jié)→adjustableadj.可調(diào)整的－edconfuse

vt.使困惑→confused

adj.感到困惑的frustrate

vt.使沮喪→frustratedadj.沮喪的annoyvt.使生氣→annoyedadj.惱怒的－ingconvince

vt.說服，使信服→convincing

adj.令人信服的thrillvt.使興奮→thrillingadj.令人興奮的relaxvt.→relaxingadj.令人放松的－fulforget

vt.忘記→forgetful

adj.健忘的playvt.玩?！鷓layfuladj.有趣的succeedvt.成功→successfuladj.成功的－ivecompete

v.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)→competitiveadj.有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的comprehendv.理解→comprehensiveadj.綜合性的createv.創(chuàng)造→creativeadj.有創(chuàng)造力的－anttoleratev.容忍→tolerantadj.寬容的，容忍的resistv.阻止→resistantadj.抵抗的，有抵抗力的ignorev.忽視→ignorantadj.無知的，愚昧的【調(diào)研01】（2024新課標(biāo)I卷）Incoldweather,thestructurestays59(close)toprotecttheplants.【調(diào)研02】（2022浙江卷）Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeir____________(exist)senses,inawaysimilartothatofsightedpeople,saysEllaStriem-Amit,aHarvardscientist.【調(diào)研03】（2022新課標(biāo)I卷）Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus____________(astonish).考法四：提示詞為名詞考查單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格所給詞為名詞時(shí)，常考查單復(fù)數(shù)的變化，此時(shí)應(yīng)首先判斷所給名詞為可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)再根據(jù)其修飾詞來確定，例如，當(dāng)其前有oneof,many,different,all等詞或短語且所給名詞為可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式；有時(shí)也考查名詞的所有格，此時(shí)它應(yīng)做定語，譯作“……的”?！舅季S導(dǎo)圖】【高考細(xì)目】2020-2024高考語法填空名詞考點(diǎn)細(xì)目卷別詞類轉(zhuǎn)換單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格2024新高考I卷engineering,richnessfavourites2024新高考II卷visibilitythemes2024全國(guó)甲卷completiontreasures2023新高考II卷arrivalinterviews2023全國(guó)甲卷warning2023全國(guó)乙卷wonders2022新高考I卷populations2022新高考II卷son's2022全國(guó)甲卷protection2022全國(guó)乙卷responsibility2021新高考1卷humans2021新高考II卷representative2021全國(guó)甲卷watchtowers2021全國(guó)乙卷developmentActivities2020全國(guó)I卷interest2020全國(guó)II卷celebration2020全國(guó)III卷curiosity2020新高考卷accuracy【調(diào)研01】（2023新高考I卷）TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern62(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.【調(diào)研02】（2023新高考II卷）Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive41(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.【調(diào)研03】（2022新高考II卷）Hesavedmy_________(son)life,”saidMrs.Brown.考法五：提示詞為名詞考查轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞或動(dòng)詞后綴示例--yfog→foggy有霧的 guilt→guilty內(nèi)疚的--edbalance→balanced平衡的 gift→gifted有天賦的 --fulmeaning→meaningful有意義的 colour→colourful五彩繽紛的--ablesuit→suitable合適的 knowledge→knowledgeable博學(xué)的--ouscourage→courageous勇敢的 mystery→mysterious神秘的--aladdition→additional附加的 globe→global全球的--lyfriend→friendly友好的 love→lovely可愛的--enwood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen羊毛的--calpolitics→political政治的 ecology→ecological生態(tài)的--antsignificance→significant有意義的 ignorance→ignorant無知的--cialcommerce→commercial商業(yè)的 finance→financial金融的-enstrength→strengthen加強(qiáng)length→lengthen延長(zhǎng)【調(diào)研01】(2024新課標(biāo)I卷）Thelatestengineeringtechniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective57(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.【調(diào)研02】（2023全國(guó)乙卷）The69(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,meansthereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.【調(diào)研03】（2023浙江1月卷）Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby(space)homesandwalledgardens.【調(diào)研04】（2018全國(guó)I卷）Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.考法六：提示詞為代詞考查代詞的賓格、形容詞性物主代詞或反身代詞所給詞為代詞時(shí)，?？疾槿朔Q代詞變?yōu)槲镏鞔~，此時(shí)其后一般會(huì)有一個(gè)名詞，所給代詞就是用來修飾這個(gè)名詞的，譯作“……的”。所給詞為代詞時(shí)，有時(shí)考查人稱代詞變?yōu)榉瓷泶~。這兩種情況一般可依據(jù)所作成分或句意進(jìn)行判斷?！菊{(diào)研01】（2024全國(guó)甲卷）Thisarea,with66(it)uniqueandbreathtakingnaturalbeauty,mustbewellpreserved67forallpeopleofthenationtoenjoy-asanationalpark.【調(diào)研02】（2021全國(guó)I卷）Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad"willneverdisappear",anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin(I).【調(diào)研03】（2020年新高考卷）Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimagine_________(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.考法七：提示詞為形容詞考查轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞當(dāng)所給提示詞雖為形容詞或副詞且不是考查比較等級(jí)時(shí)，則應(yīng)考慮形容詞或副詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，一般?？疾樾稳菰~變?yōu)楦痹~或名詞。做題時(shí)，除了根據(jù)句意進(jìn)行判斷外，主要應(yīng)從其所作成分去思考。規(guī)則示例例外多數(shù)形容詞直接加-ly變?yōu)楦痹~successful—successfullysevere—severelyextreme—extremelyquick—quicklyfull-fully以-y結(jié)尾形容詞變y為i再加-ly變副詞happy—happilyeasy—easilynecessarynecessarilyheavy—heavilyshy—shyly以-le,-ble結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加y變副詞gentle—gentlypossible—possiblyprobable—probablysimple—simplytrue—trulywhole—wholly以-ic結(jié)尾的形容詞直接加-ally變?yōu)楦痹~basic—basicallyspecific—specificallyscientific—scientificallyautomatic--automaticallypublic--publicly以-ing結(jié)尾形容詞變?yōu)橹苯蛹?ly副詞surprising-surprisinglyincreasing—increasinglyinteresting—interestinglyjoking—jokingly以-ed結(jié)尾形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~直接加-lyrepeat—repeatedlyhurried—hurriedlyexcited—excitedlyexpected--unexpectedly【調(diào)研01】（2023新課標(biāo)I卷）NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris44(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleftwantingmorenexttime.【調(diào)研02】（2023新課標(biāo)II卷）So,whataretheylearning?43(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.【調(diào)研03】（2022新課標(biāo)II卷）Whenhelookeddown,he60(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.考法八：提示詞為形容詞考查其比較等級(jí)當(dāng)提示詞為形容詞或副詞時(shí)，?？疾楸容^等級(jí)(即比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))。此時(shí)一般可根據(jù)所給提示詞前后的than,by,the,even等比較等級(jí)中常出現(xiàn)的特殊詞匯并結(jié)合語意去進(jìn)行判斷。【調(diào)研01】（2024全國(guó)甲卷）Yellowstonewasthe69(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark-2.2millionacres-untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,70whichbecameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.【調(diào)研02】（2023浙江1月卷）Theirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleand(simple)indesignanddecoration,andthehutongswerenarrower.【調(diào)研03】(2021新課標(biāo)卷)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the__________(hot)thespring!Strange,isn’tit?考法九：提示詞為基數(shù)詞考查其序數(shù)詞【調(diào)研01】（2023全國(guó)甲卷）Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe62(six)century,B.C.【調(diào)研02】（2021新高考II卷）I'vealwayslovedtheocean.Inthe56(seven)grade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.六、語法填空高考真題演練（3類6篇）真題演練一：記敘文型語法填空（生活故事）【2024九省聯(lián)考卷】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Wheneveryouhavetowriteapaper,aletter,oranyotherdocumentforworkorschool,youprobablyheadtowardthecomputer.Now,mostpeoplereachfor___36___(keyboard)fasterthantheypickuppens.InaScottishprimaryschool,however,Mr.NormanLewisistakingadifferentapproach.Hefeelsthatneathandwriting___37___(be)stillanimportantskill,sohehashisstudentswritenotonlybyhandbutalso___38___oldfashionedfountainpens.Fountainpens___39___(use)inschoolslongagoandhavebeenregainingpopularitylatelybecausetheyarerefillable.Today,awriter___40___(simple)throwsanemptypenawayandgets___41___newone.Sofar,Mr.Lewisispleasedwiththeresultsofhisexperiment.Hereportsthathisstudentsaretakingmorecarewiththeirwork,andtheirself-confidencehasimprovedaswell.Heishappywiththe___42___(improve)heseesinhisstudents’writing___43___inhisownwriting.Heknowsthatcomputersarehere___44___(stay)andthattheywillnotdisappear.However,hebelievesthatthepracticewithfountainpenshelpsstudentstofocus,towritefaster,andtheycanfeelproudof____45____(they).【2023新課標(biāo)II卷】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WheneverItellpeoplethatIteachEnglishattheBerlinZoo,Ialmostalwaysgetaquestioninglook.Behindit,thepersonistryingtofigureoutwhoexactlyIteach…theanimals?SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe36(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableand37(confidence)speakingEnglish.AndwhodotheyspeakEnglish38?Notthepandas,eventhough39languageusedforthemedicaltraininginstructionsisactuallyEnglish.Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto40(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive41(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis42theyneedanEnglishtrainer.So,whataretheylearning?43(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.It’sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedevelop44toseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.Asalittlegirl,I45(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.Now,I’mlivingoutthatdreamindirectlybyhelpingthepandakeepersdotheirjobinEnglish.真題演練二：說明文型語法填空（傳統(tǒng)文化）【2024新課標(biāo)I卷】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。HeatherwickStudiorecentlybuiltagreenhouseattheedgeoftheNationalTrust’sWoolbedingGardens.Thisbeautifulstructure,namedGlasshouse,isatthecentreofanewgardenthatshowshowtheSilkRoadinfluencesEnglishgardenseveninmoderntimes.Thelatest56(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective57(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.Thedesignfeaturestensteel“sepals(萼片)”madeofglassandaluminium(鋁).Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays58(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.Incoldweather,thestructurestays59(close)toprotecttheplants.Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhouse60(walk)visitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainfor61firsttime.TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern62(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.ThegardenalsocontainsawindingpaththatguidesvisitorsthroughthetwelveregionsoftheSilkRoad.Thepathoffersover300plantspeciesforvisitorstosee,too.TheGlasshousestands63agreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoute64broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchofthe65(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.【2024新課標(biāo)II卷】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chineseculturalelementscommemorating(紀(jì)念)TangXianzu,___56___isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia,”addaninternationalcharactertoStratford-upon-Avon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.TangandShakespearewerecontemporariesandbothdiedin1616.Althoughtheycouldneverhavemet,therearecommon___57___(theme)intheirworks,saidPaulEdmondson,headofresearchfortheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust.“SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingabout___58___(be)alsoShakespeare’sconcerns.IhappentoknowthatTang’splayThePeonyPavilion(《牡丹亭》)issimilarinsomeways___59___RomeoandJuliet.”AstatuecommemoratingShakespeareandTangwasputupatShakespeare’sBirthplaceGardenin2017.Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,___60___(inspire)byThePeonyPavilion,___61___(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternational___62___(visible),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazed___63___(find)theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.___64___(recall)watchingaChineseoperaversionofShakespeare’splayRichardIIIinShanghaiandmeetingChineseactorswhocametoStratfordafewyearsagotoperformpartsofThePeonyPavilion,Edmondsonsaid,“ItwasveryexcitingtoheartheChineselanguage____65____seehowTang’splaywasbeingperformed.”真題演練三：說明文型語法填空（科學(xué)技術(shù)）【2024全國(guó)甲卷】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tend61(catch)ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.Theyare62(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遺產(chǎn)).Howdidthenationalparksystemcomeabout?Onacool,starrynightinmid-September1870,fourmenrelaxedbeforeacampfirealongtheFireholeRiverin63isnow northwesternWyoming.They64(be)partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.Whatshould65(do)withsuchabeautifulplace?Theywonderedoutloud.Thisarea,with66(it)uniqueandbreathtakingnaturalbeauty,mustbewellpreserved67allpeopleofthenationtoenjoy-asanationalpark.Theyallagreedandvowed(承諾)topromotetheideaatthe68(complete)oftheirjourney.Theirpromotionalworkpaidoff.Twoyearslater,18yearsbeforeWyomingbecameastate,YellowstonebecamethefirstnationalparkintheUnitedStatesandtheworld.Yellowstonewasthe69(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark-2.2millionacres-untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,70becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.【2024浙江1月卷】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theshelvesinmostsupermarketsarefulloffamily-sizethisandmulti-buythat.However,ifyou’reshoppingforone,buyingextra56(benefit)frompricereductionsdoesn’tmakesense.Eitheryourshoppingisthentooheavytocarryhome57youcan’tusewhatyou’veboughtwhileit’sstillfresh.Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities

—theypricegoodsintheway58willmakethemthemostmoney.Ifmostoftheircustomersarehappytobuylargerquantities,that’s59they’llpromote.Butthatleavesthesolo(單獨(dú))customersoutofpocketanddisappointed.Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe6(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.Consumersprefermoneyoffindividualitems.However,thoughit’snicetogetafewcentsoffapackofsausages,itwouldhelpevenmoreiftheycouldsometimes61(offer)insmallerpacks.Eventhebiggestsausagefandoesn’twanttoeatthemeveryday.Ifyoursupermarketsellslooseproduce,thenbuyingsmallerquantitiesiseasier.Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets62(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacks63(design)withtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).Then,whenyouuseonesection,64otherstaysfresh.Whoknows,perhapssomeofthemoreforward-looking65(one)mayyetcomeoutwithawholerangeof“justforyou”packsizeswithspecialoffersaswell.七、語法填空高考名校模擬（10篇）（2025·浙江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ChinalauncheditscomplexandambitiousChang’e-6missionFridaytocollectthefirsteversamplesfromthefarsideofthemoon.A57-meter-tallLongMarch5liftedofffromtheWenchangSatelliteLaunchCenterat5:30a.m.Eastern(0930UTC)May3,carryingthe18,200-kilogramChang’e-6intoorbit.Afirstsecondstageburnwascompleted12minutes2launch,withatrans-lunarinjection(跨月軌道)burnsetforaround14minuteslater.Spacecraft3(separate)isscheduledforaround37minutesintoflight.Ifsuccessful,samples4(deliver)bythe53-day-longmissioncouldchangeourunderstandingoftheEarthandthehistoryoftheearlysolarsystem.Cha