第04講課文初探說明文（事物事理類）學(xué)生版

第04講課文初探+（說明文事理事物類）一、聽見課文10September2018DearWorriedFriend，Youwrotethatyouarevery(worry)aboutyourfriend,ChenLei.Iunderstandquitewellthatyouare(anxiety)andfeelterrible.Youthinkthatyourfriendplaysputergamestoooftenandspendstoomuchtime.Iremendthatyoutalktoyourfriendabouthis(behave).Itisnotunusualfor(teen)ofyourgenerationtobe(attract)toputergamesandtheonlineworld.Butspendingtoomuchtimeonlineis(health)andmakesitverydifficulttoonotherthingsinlife.Somestudentsevenbee(addict)totheInternetandcannotschoolandfamilylife.Ithinkyoushould(courage)yourfriendtotrynewhobbies.Whynotdiscusstheproblemtogether?Iamsurehewilllistentoyou,sinceyouarehisgoodfriend.Allthebest，SusanLuo詞匯及短語歸納總結(jié)①beworriedabout對……感到擔(dān)憂②anxiousadj.焦慮的；擔(dān)心的③behaviourn.行為；舉止④unusualadj.不同尋常的⑤generationn.一代(人)⑥attractvt.吸引；引起……的注意(或興趣)beattractedto喜愛⑦focusvi.&vt.集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)調(diào)節(jié)焦距n.中心；重點；焦點focuson集中；特別關(guān)注⑧addictedadj.有癮的；上癮的；入迷的addictn.對……入迷的人；吸毒成癮的人addictedto對……很入迷⑨concentrateon集中于；專心于⑩allthebest一切順利；萬事如意二、題型初識1、從說明文（事理事物）說起PassageAInthedemonstration(示范)videoofthedevices.twodancersareperformingwiththeroboticarmsontheirbacks.Thehumansandmachinesmovetogetherintheperformance.Thedancersetogetherandmoveinsimilarwayseitherleadingorfollowingtherobotarms.Inamisaidsomewearersgrowattached(依戀的)tothearmsaftersometime.“Takingthemoffafterusingthemforawhilefeelsalittlesad.That'swherethey'realittledifferenttoothertools."hesaid.1.Whatcanweknowfromthethirdparagraph?A.Thetwodancersmoveindifferentways.B.Someusersformattachmenttothearms.C.Gettingusedtothearmsneedsalongtime.D.Thewearersthinkthearmsaresimilartoothertools.PassageBAnnaHoggoftheUniversityofLeedsinBritainwasoneoftheresearchers.Whenspeakingaboutthedroppingice,shesaid,"It'sgoingtotaketensofyearsforthedroppingicetorecover(恢復(fù)).There'snomethodtoreplaceit."Shetoldagroupofreporters,“Itwillcertainlytakealongtime,evenifit'spossible.”2.WhatdoesAnnaHoggtrytotellusinParagraph3?A.Itispossibletoreplaceseaice.B.Itisdifficultforseaicetorecover.C.Itisimpossibleforseaicetorecover.D.Itisimportanttoreplaceseaice.PassageCThesystemiscalledATLAS.ItcansearchthewholeskyseveraltimeseachnightlookingforNearEarthObjects(NEOs,近地天體）.WhentheyenterEarth'satmosphere(大氣層），mostoftheNEOswillburnupbeforereachingtheplanet'ssurface.ButscientistsareworriedaboutlargerNEOsupto50metersinsize.Suchobjectscouldbringharmfulresultstoareastheyhit.3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutNEOs?A.MostofthemarenotriskytoEarth.B.Mostofthemareharmfultoourplanet.C.Mostofthemareover50metersinsize.D.Mostofthemcan'tbeseenbytelescopes.2、題型講解1.事物事理類說明文定義：一種文章體裁，旨在通過說明方式介紹事物特征、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律性，或闡釋抽象事理。2.概念區(qū)分事物說明文：關(guān)注具體事物的形狀、構(gòu)造、性質(zhì)等。事理說明文：關(guān)注抽象概念的原理、成因、特點等。3.說明方法★分類法（byclassification）★比較法（byparison）★舉例法（byexample）★程序法（byprocess）★因果法（bycauseandeffect）★定義法（bydefinition）★時序法（byfollowingtheorderoftime）★描述法（bydescription）★重要性法（byimportance）★分析原因法（byanalyzingcause）★引入數(shù)據(jù)或研究（byusingdataormentioningsomestudies）4.解題重點關(guān)注正確選項：與說明對象密切相關(guān)，注意段首段尾。轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、因果：這些詞后的內(nèi)容往往是重點。5.主旨題中心思想：文章圍繞中心思想展開，常在開頭或段落首句體現(xiàn)。尋找主題句的微技能轉(zhuǎn)折詞：but,however等后的內(nèi)容可能是主題?？偨Y(jié)詞：therefore,thus等后可能是主題。重復(fù)詞：多次出現(xiàn)的詞可能是關(guān)鍵詞。疑問句：首段的疑問句回答可能是主旨。實驗結(jié)論或調(diào)查結(jié)果：如theirstudiesshowthat…，the

experiment

showsthat…，scientists/researchershavefoundthat…或there

is

evidence

suggestingthat…中that從句的內(nèi)容通常就是主旨。也可能是主題。研究顯示的內(nèi)容可能是主旨。3、同頻練習(xí)PassageAWhileitisimpossibletolivepletelyfreeofstress,itispossibletopreventstressaswellasreduceitseffectwhenitcan’tbeavoided.TheUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesoffersthefollowingsuggestionsforwaystodealwithstress.1：Whatismostprobablythewriter’spurposeinwritingthearticle?A.Toreleasehisorherwrongpressure.B.Tohelpsolvetheuniversalproblemofstress.C.Toreducehisorheranxiety.D.Tohavemorepeoplecryout.PassageBFortravelexpertandauthorLaCarmina,slowtravelallowspeopletostopandsmelltherosesquitedirectly.“It’saboutbeingfullypresentinthemomentandexperiencingthesights,soundsandsensations(感覺)aroundyoupletely“l(fā)ettingtheexperiencedevelopatitsownspeedandwithoutexpectations,”shesaid.“Tome,slowtraveldoesn’thaveastrictdefinitionorcertainthingstodo,butratherfocusesonthefeelingofbeingavisitortoaplace.”Slowtravelisbeingmoreandmorepopularnow,becauseitcandogoodtousinmanyways.2.WhatdoesLaCarminathinkofslowtravel?A.Itcanlettravelersexperiencetheplacedeeply.B.Itcanmaketravelerssavealotofmoney.C.Itcanallowtravelerstoexploremoreplaces.D.Itcansavetravelersmuchmoretime.PassageCNobusinesswouldwelebeingparedtogambling(賭博).Yetthatiswhatishappeningtomakersofvideogames.Foryearsparentshaveplainedthattheirchildrenare“addicted”totheirvideogamesandsmartphones.Today,however,evenmoredoctorsareusingtheterm.OnJanuary1thisyear,“gamingdisorder”—inwhichgamesareplayeduncontrollably,despitecausingharm—gainedrecognitionfromtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).3.WhatdoweknowfromParagraph1?A.Itisnotsuitabletoparevideogamestogambling.B.Parentsplainabouttheirchildren’saddictiontogambling.C.Gamingaddictionwasofficiallyrecognizedasadisease.D.Moredoctorsareagainsttheuseoftheterm“addicted”.PassageDIt’sgoodtoshare,right?Growingupaskids,wearetoldtoshareourtoysandnotbeselfish.Wealsoliveinanagewherediscussingourfeelingsisencouraged.Butwhendoesitallbeetoomuch?Withnewcrazestrendingallthetime,suchasdancechallengesandwearingapillowasadress,thequestionis:whencansharingbeeoversharingonsocialmedia?Whatisoversharing?Thetermhasbeeconnectedwithsocialmedia,butitisn’texclusive(獨有的)tothisplatform.Imagineyouheadtoapartyandyoumeetsomeone.Withinfiveminutestheyhaverevealeddetailsabouttheirlife.Whilesomeofusmaytrytoescapethesepeople,accordingtospecialistCarolynCole,thisformofoversharingcouldefromastrongdesiretoconnectwithsomeone.Buthowdoesoversharingtranslateintosocialmedia?DrChristopherHand,alecturerincyberpsychology,saysthemoredetailspeopleexpose(使顯露),thelesssympathy(同情)weexpresswhenthingsgowrong.Thiscouldbeduetoabeliefthatwewillgetmorenegativeexperiencesifwesharethemmore.Itseemsthatsadfishing,theideaofsearchingforsympathybyoversharing,isgenerallyviewedasnegativeratherthanthecryforhelpitcouldactuallybe.However,DrHand’sresearchalsoseemstosuggestthatthemorewepostonaplatform,themoresociallyattractivewebee—ifourpostsarepositive.Evenbackin2015,GwendolynSeidmanPhD,saidthatweshouldavoidplainingandbeingnegativeonline.Weshouldalsoavoidshowingofforbragging(吹噓).Itmakessenseifyourlifeisgoingthatwell,wouldyoureallyhavetimetoshareaphotowithtext?So,howcanyouknowifyouareoversharing?Well,whynotaskyourfriendsinreallife?Theywouldprobablybemorethanhappytotellyouifyourpostsaboutyourbreakfastoryourplaintsaboutyourlackofmoneyreallyaretoomuch.1．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinparagraph1?A．Byprovidingdata. B．Byraisingaquestion.C．Bygivinganexample. D．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.2．Whydoestheauthordescribeasceneinparagraph2?A．Toillustratewhatoversharingis.B．Toattractreaders’attentionandinterest.C．Toexplainthereasonofoversharing.D．Toconnectoversharingwithsocialmedia.3．AccordingtoDrHand,whatmayhappenwhenpeopleovershareonline?A．Theywouldhavenotimetoenjoytheirreallife.B．Peoplearelikelytodoubttheirintentionforhelp.C．Peopleshownosympathywhentheyareintrouble.D．Theywilldefinitelybeemoresociallyattractive.4．Whichofthefollowingonlinesharingdoestheauthormostagreewith?A．Showingoffyourexpensivelifestyle.B．plainingfrequentlyaboutyourwork.C．Sharingphotosofyourbreakfasteveryday.D．Recordingavideoofhowyousavemoney.三、課后作業(yè)1、聽力小練聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatdoesthemanlikedoing?A．Playingping-pongandlisteningtomusic.B．Listeningtomusicandreading.C．Readingandplayingbasketball.7．Howoftendoesthewomanplayping-pong?A．Onceaweek.B．Twiceaweek.C．Threetimesaweek.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．HowlonghasthemanbeenlearningEnglish?A．Forabouthalfayear.B．Foraboutoneyear.C．Forabouttwoyears.9．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A．Atabusstop.B．Inaschool.C．Onabus.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Wheredidtheman'sfamilygolastyear?A．ToEgypt.B．ToSpain.C．ToFrance.11．Howmanypeoplearethereintheman'sfamily?A．Three.B．Four.C．Five.12．What'stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Friends.B．Strangers.C．Workmates.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Whatdayisittoday?A．Friday.B．Thursday.C．Wednesday.14．Whoforgotthewordsduringtheplay?A．Peter.B．Harry.C．Mark.15．WhatwasFred'sproblem?A．Hefelloverachair.B．Hecausedlightstobeoff.C．Hegaveuptheplaymidway.16．Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthesituationontheman'sfirstnight?A．It'snormal.B．It'sfunny.C．It'ssurprising.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．WhereisKatenow?A．InLondon.B．InEdinburgh.C．InParis.18．Whatwastheweatherlikewhenthespeakerwascamping?A．Sunny.B．Rainy.C．Cloudy.19．Whatdidthespeakerdoonthefourthdayoftheholiday?A．Shevisitedavillageschool.B．Shesailedonthelake.C．Shewenttoamuseum.20．WheredoesKateworknow?A．Atalibrary.B．Atagym.C．Atasupermarket.2、閱讀練習(xí)PassageAHaveyoueverwonderedabouttheuniversallayout(布局)ofsupermarkets?Smartdesignersarebehindit,subtlytemptingyoutowalkthrougheachaisleandfillyourshoppingcartwithoutevenrealizingit.Grocerystoredesignisacarefullycraftedartfrombothpsychologicalandmarketingstandpoints,accordingtoReevesConnelly,whostudiedarchitecturaldesignatthePrattInstitute.Heexplainedthereisaspecificreasonwhyfruitandvegetablesareoftenlocatedatthefrontofthestore,“You’llgrabthefruitsandvegetablesfirstandthenhopefullyfeellessguiltyaboutbuyingjunkfoodlateron.”Meanwhile,essentialitemssuchasmilkandeggsareplacedatthebackofthestoretoensurecustomerswalkthroughotheraisleswithmanyunhealthyoptionslikesnacksandsodas,potentiallyincreasingthelikelihoodofimpulsepurchases.There’salsoareasonwhyyouoftenfeellostinlocalsupermarkets.Shockingly,theymovethingsaround.Reevesexplained,“Theyareverymuchawarethatthesestrategiesbeelesseffectiveafteryouvisitthestoreafewtimesandgetabettersenseofwhereeverythingis,sothey’llregularlymovetheproductstodifferentaislestoconfuseyou.Thepracticeisnotlimitedtoaspecificstorebutisemployedacrossvariousretailchains.”“Theirlittletricksalwaysworkonme,”oneregularshopperadmits,“Iwalkintogetthreethingsandendupspending$300;that’swhyIhategroceryshopping,”hesaid.Ontheotherhand,someshoppersareproudtodeclaretheyhaveneverfallenintothetrap.“That’swhyIalwayskeepashoppinglistonme,”anothershoppershared.“I’vestartedhavingmygroceriesdelivered.IfIhavetogotothestore,Inevergrabatrolley.IfIcan’tcarryit,I’mnotbuyingit,”headded.1．Whatisthepurposeofthesupermarketlayout?A．Toshowthedesigner’swisdom. B．Tosaveconsumers’shoppingtime.C．Toincreasenonessentialpurchases. D．Toprovidemultiplegoodsforchoice.2．Whatwouldthestoreownerprobablydotomakemoreprofits?A．Putthehealthyfoodtogether. B．Distributejunkfoodindifferentareas.C．Placeessentialitemsbeforejunkfood. D．Rearrangeproductsinsupermarketsregularly.3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Mostshoppersaretrappedinmarketingtricks.B．Shoppingbasketsarebetterthanheavytrolleys.C．Makinglistscanbeasmartactforimpulsebuying.D．Grocerydeliverycanhelpimprovesupermarketsales.4．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Abusinessmagazine. B．Apsychologyreport.C．Aresearchpaper. D．Ashoppingguide.PassageB（2324高一下·天津和平·期末）Weliveinajudgmentalworldwherepeoplearequicktopointoutthefaultsandimperfectionsofothersyetseemunawareoftheirown.Somemisguidedpeoplebelievetheyhaveanaturaldutytohelpyoutobeabetterpersonbytellingyouwhatafailureyoureallyarefirstandthenofferingsuggestionsastohowyoucanimprove.Sowhatisthesolutiontocriticism?Ifyouaretheoneforcingotherstofeelashamedofthemselves,STOP.Makeaconsciousdecisionthatratherthanfocusonthenegativeaspectofaperson’sperformanceorattitudes,you’llofferhelpfulsuggestionsfromthebeginning.IfI’mpaintingourlivingroomandmakingamessindoingso,Iwouldlikemyhusbandtosaytome,“Thisisatoughjob.CanIofferasuggestionthatmightmakeiteasierforyou?”ratherthanhavinghimpoint’outwhatacarelesspainter.IamandthentellmehowIshouldbedoingit.Ifyouareonthereceivingendofcriticism,the“OK”responseisaperfectsolution.Whensomeonementsnegativelyonataskyouaredoingorapersonalityissue,anaturalresponseistodefendandattack.However,thisapproachisrarelyeffectiveasitputsbothpartiesonthedefensive.Inste