大學英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷61（共190題）

大學英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷61（共9套）（共190題）大學英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、仔細閱讀(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Movingfarmorequicklythanmanyhadthoughtlikelyorpossible,lawmakersinthe10-memberHouse-Senatecommitteeannouncedtheagreementafterlessthan24hoursofnegotiations.SenateMajorityLeaderHarryReid:"Likeanynegotiation,thisinvolvedgiveandtake,andifyoudon'tmindmysayingsothatisanunderstatement."Theagreementdropsthetotalto$789billion,whilebothSenateandHouse-passedmeasuresexceeded$800billion.Acombinationoflowandmiddleincometaxcuts,makingupabout35percentofthebill,anddomesticspending,itssupporterssayitmeetsPresidentBarackObama'sgoalofcreatingorsavingasmanyas4millionjobs.SusanCollinsofMainewasamongonly3moderateSenateRepublicanswhojoinedtheDemocraticmajoritythere.Shesaysmoneytrimmedfromthebillreflectsanefforttofocusitmoresharplytohelptheeconomy."Itisafiscally-responsiblenumberthatreflectsoureffortstotrulyfocusthisbillonprograms,andpoliciesandtaxreliefthatwillhelpturnoureconomyaround,createjobsandproviderelieftothefamiliesofourcountry,"shesaid.Collinsalsopointedouttheagreementincreasesspendingoninfrastructureprojects,morethan$150billionintheproposedmeasure.Republicanopponentskeptuptheircriticisms,primarilythatthemeasurecontainsuntargetedspendingandnottherightleveloftaxrelief.HouseRepublicanleaderJohnBoehnervoiceddisappointmentwiththeagreement,repeatinghisassertionthatthemeasurewillnotcreatejobsquicklyenough."ItappearsthattheyhavemadeabadbillworsebyreducingtheamountoftaxreliefforAmericanfamiliesandsmallbusinesses,andaddingmorewastefulWashingtonspending,"hesaid.ButSenatorArlenSpecter,anothermoderateRepublicanwhoworkedwithDemocrats,saidactionwasrequired."Thisisobviouslyaverydifficultvoteinviewofthelargedeficitandnationaldebtwhichwehave,butIbelieveitisindispensable,thatstrongactionbetaken,"hesaid.WhiteHouseaides,includingChiefofStaffRahmEmanuel,joinedinthenegotiationsonCapitolHill.Lawmakersbehindtheagreementhopeafinalconferencereportwillbereadyinthenext2daysthattheHouseandSenatewillvoteon.ApprovalwouldsendthelegislationtoPresidentObamaforsignature.AneventualSenatevoteisexpectedtomirrorearlierresultsinwhichmajorityDemocrats,withhelpfromthe3Republicans,achievedthe60votesneededtoovercomeanyproceduralblock.ItremainstobeseenhowavotewillturnoutintheHouse,wherenoRepublicanssupportedaHouse-passedmeasure,butwhereDemocratsholdastrongenoughmajoritytopassmeasureseasily.HouseRepublicanleadersdeclinedtopredictWednesdayhowmanyintheirpartymightsupportfinallegislation.1、"Theagreement"(Line2,Para.1)ismostprobablyabillabout______.A、stimulusfortheeconomyB、reformofthelegalsystemC、fundingfortheeducationalsystemD、expenditureonthenationaldefence標準答案：A知識點解析：本文多處提及與“經(jīng)濟”有關(guān)的詞，如第2段中的incometaxcuts，domesticspending，第3段的helptheeconomy，turnoureconomyaround，createjobs等，從這些詞語可推斷本文開頭提到的agreement應該與經(jīng)濟政策有關(guān)，因此選A。2、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHarryReidisTRUE?A、HecomesfromtheRepublicParty.B、HecomesfromtheDemocraticParty.C、Heisoptimisticaboutthefutureeconomy.D、Heispessimisticaboutthefutureeconomy.標準答案：B知識點解析：第1段末句提到HarryReid是參議院多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖，而從第3段首句中的theDemocraticmajority可知參議院的多數(shù)派是民主黨，由此可見B正確。C和D沒有原文依據(jù)。3、SusanCollinsacceptedtheagreementwith______.A、mildreservationsB、reluctantcompromiseC、firmconfidenceD、reasonableskepticism標準答案：C知識點解析：第3段講到，SusanCollins相信實施這個計劃后，美國的經(jīng)濟會回暖，會創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機會，減輕大部分家庭的經(jīng)濟壓力。由此可推斷C正確。A、B、D三個選項都表示對經(jīng)濟刺激計劃持一定程度的懷疑，這與原文內(nèi)容不符。故排除。4、ArlenSpectermostprobablythoughtthat______.A、somesenatorswouldbecomeundeterminedintheprocessofvotingB、theeconomicproblemsshouldbesolvedimmediatelyC、deficitandnationaldebtshouldn’thavebeenneglectedD、themeasuresintheagreementwouldnotbeaseffectiveasexpected標準答案：B知識點解析：第5段提到了ArlenSpecter認為“必須采取行動”，再結(jié)合上下文可知他認為必須立刻采取行動解決經(jīng)濟問題，因此選B。Specter雖提及averydifficultvote，但原文并沒有指出這是因為參議院在投票時猶豫不決，因此A不正確；文中雖出現(xiàn)了deficit和nationaldebt這些字眼，但Specter沒提及不能忽視這些，故排除C；D文中沒有提及。5、ItcanbeinferredabouttheHousefromthepassagethat______.A、itisledbyaRepublicanleaderB、mostRepublicansaremoderateC、measuresproposedbytheRepublicansareseldompassedD、measurescanbepassedwithouttheRepublicans’support標準答案：D知識點解析：最后一段第2句講到，眾議院的投票結(jié)果如何還不明朗，眾議院里沒有共和黨人支持眾議院通過的經(jīng)濟刺激方案，在眾議院中，民主黨人占的席位足夠多，足以輕易通過法案，D為本題答案。AgehasitsprivilegesinAmerica,andoneofthemoreprominentofthemistheseniorcitizendiscount.Anyonewhohasreachedacertainage—insomecasesaslowas55—isautomaticallyentitledtoadazzlingarrayofpricereductionsatnearlyeverylevelofcommerciallife.Eligibilityisdeterminednotbyone'sneedbutbythedateonone'sbirthcertificate.Practicallyunheardofagenerationago,thediscountshavebecomearoutinepartofmanybusinesses—ascommonascolortelevisionsinmotelroomsandfreecoffeeonairliners.Peoplewithgrayhairoftenaregiventhediscountswithoutevenaskingforthem;yet,millionsofAmericansaboveage60arehealthyandsolvent(有支付能力的).Businessesthatwouldneverdareofferdiscountstocollegestudentsoranyoneunder30freelyofferthemtoolderAmericans.Thepracticeisacceptablebecauseofthewidespreadbeliefthat"elderly"and"needy"aresynonymous(同義的).Perhapsthatoncewastrue,buttodayelderlyAmericansasagrouphavealowerpovertyratethantherestofthepopulation.Tobesure,thereiseconomicdiversitywithintheelderly,andmanyolderAmericansarepoor.Butmostofthemaren't.Itisimpossibletodeterminetheimpactofthediscountsonindividualcompanies.Formanyfirms,theyareastimulustorevenue.Butinothercasesthediscountsaregivenattheexpense,directlyorindirectly,ofyoungerAmericans.Moreover,theyareadirectirritantinwhatsomepoliticiansandscholarsseeasacomingconflictbetweenthegenerations.GenerationaltensionsarebeingfueledbycontinuingdebateoverSocialSecuritybenefits,whichmostlyinvolvesatransferofresourcesfromtheyoungtotheold.Employmentisanothersorepoint.Buoyed(支持)bylawsandcourtdecisions,moreandmoreolderAmericansaredecliningtheretirementdinnerinfavorofstayingonthejob—therebylesseningemploymentandpromotionopportunitiesforyoungerworkers.Farfromakindofcharitytheyoncewere,seniorcitizendiscountshavebecomeaformidableeconomicprivilegetoagroupwithmillionsofmemberswhodon'tneedthem.Itnolongermakessensetotreattheelderlyasasinglegroupwhoseeconomicneedsdeservepriorityoverthoseofothers.Seniorcitizendiscountsonlyenhancethemyththatolderpeoplecan'ttakecareofthemselvesandneedspecialtreatment;andtheythreatenthecreationofanewmyth,thattheelderlyareungratefulandtakingforthemselvesattheexpenseofchildrenandotheragegroups.SeniorcitizendiscountsaretheessenceoftheverythingolderAmericansarefightingagainst—discriminationbyage.6、Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat______.A、offeringseniorcitizensdiscountshasbecomeroutinecommercialpracticeB、seniorcitizendiscountshaveenabledmanyoldpeopletoliveadecentlifeC、givingseniorcitizensdiscountshasboostedthemarketfortheelderlyD、seniorcitizenshavetoshowtheirbirthcertificatestogetadiscount標準答案：A知識點解析：第1段首句講到，美國的年齡特權(quán)較為突出的表現(xiàn)就是老年人可以享受折扣。末句又說老年人享有折扣成為許多商家的常規(guī)，A為本題答案。該段第3句談及享有折扣的資格是根據(jù)出生證上的日期而定，并未說享受折扣時要出示出生證，D錯誤。B中的liveadecentlife和C中的haveboostedthemarket無原文依據(jù)。7、Whatassumptionliesbehindthepracticeofseniorcitizendiscounts?A、Businesses,havingmadealotofprofits,shoulddosomethingforsocietyinreturn.B、Oldpeopleareentitledtospecialtreatmentforthecontributiontheymadetosociety.C、Theelderly,beingfinanciallyunderprivileged,needhumanehelpfromsociety.D、SeniorcitizendiscountscanmakeupfortheinadequacyoftheSocialSecuritysystem.標準答案：C知識點解析：第2段第3句講到，這個做法之所以被接受是因為人們普遍認為“年老的”和“貧窮的”是同義的，也就是說因為老年人在經(jīng)濟方面處于弱勢地位，需要社會的幫助，由此得出答案為C。8、Accordingtosomepoliticiansandscholars,seniorcitizendiscountswill______.A、makeoldpeopleevenmoredependentonsocietyB、intensifyconflictsbetweentheyoungandtheoldC、haveadversefinancialimpactonbusinesscompaniesD、bringamarkedincreaseinthecompanies’revenues標準答案：B知識點解析：第3段末句講到，和某些政客和學者所闡述的那樣，老年人的折扣特權(quán)引起了代與代之間的沖突，即會讓老年人和年輕人之間的關(guān)系變得緊張，B為本題答案。9、HowdoestheauthorviewtheSocialSecuritysystem?A、Itencourageselderlypeopletoretireintime.B、Itopensupbroadcareerprospectsforyoungpeople.C、Itbenefitstheoldattheexpenseoftheyoung.D、Itshouldbereinforcedbylawsandcourtdecisions.標準答案：C知識點解析：第4段講到，關(guān)于社會保障救濟金的辯論更加激化了代與代之間的緊張關(guān)系，這種社會保障救濟主要是把年輕人的資源轉(zhuǎn)給老年人，而老年人拒絕退休則減少了一些年輕人就業(yè)和升職的機會?？梢?，作者認為這種保障體系是以犧牲年輕人為代價而讓老年人受益，C為本題答案。10、Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’smainargument?A、Seniorcitizensshouldfighthardagainstagediscrimination.B、Theelderlyareselfishandtakingseniordiscountsforgranted.C、Priorityshouldbegiventotheeconomicneedsofseniorcitizens.D、Seniorcitizendiscountsmaywellbeatypeofagediscrimination.標準答案：D知識點解析：全文圍繞“美國老年人享有折扣”展開了論述，談及此政策所引起的代際沖突，最后表明作者的立場：認為老年人需要更多優(yōu)先權(quán)的觀念已不合時宜，老年人享有折扣本質(zhì)上是年齡歧視。D為本題答案。Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalled"footwearforyuppies(雅皮士，少壯高薪職業(yè)人士)"'.TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren'sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobics(健身操)orrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthatthroughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingboots,dressandcasualshoes,andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines,allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.Still,despiteitsemphasisonnewmarkets,Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarket(高檔消費人群的)retailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto$1billionannually,aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Reebokshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany'sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofitsdistributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReeboksexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent,ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnitedStates.Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-relatedcraze,replacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayitsbrightlycolored,softleatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch,ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.11、OnereasonwhyReebok’smanagerialpersonneldon’tliketheirshoestobecalled"footwearforyuppies"isthat______.A、theybelievethattheirshoesarepopularwithpeopleofdifferentagegroupsB、newproductionlineshavebeenaddedtoproduceinexpensiveshoesC、yuppiesusuallyevokesanegativeimageD、thetermmakespeoplethinkofprohibitiveprices標準答案：A知識點解析：第1段提到“他們認為銳步鞋對各種各樣的消費市場都有吸引力，尤其是現(xiàn)在，公司生產(chǎn)出了籃球鞋和適合18歲以下青少年穿的鞋子以及對健身操或跑步不感興趣的老年人所穿的散步鞋”，故選A；B并不是直接原因，不是最佳選擇；C和D均與文意相悖。12、Reebok’sviewthat"consumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution"(Line5,Para.2)impliesthat______.A、thequalityofabrandismeasuredbytheservicequalityofthestoresellingitB、thequalityofaproductdeterminesthequalityofitsdistributorsC、thepopularityofabrandisdeterminedbythestoresthatsellitD、consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhigh-qualitystores標準答案：D知識點解析：第2段提到“銳步鞋的售價從27到85美元不等，將繼續(xù)只會在高檔次的專賣店、體育用品商店和百貨公司出售，因為這種做法符合公司的觀點，即消費者根據(jù)分銷商的檔次來判斷品牌的質(zhì)量”，D與此觀點相符。文中的quality并不指服務質(zhì)量，可排除A；B倒置因果關(guān)系；C與文中觀點相悖。13、Reebokoncehadtolimitthenumberofitsdistributorsbecause______.A、itssupplyofproductsfellshortofdemandB、toomanydistributorswouldcutintoitsprofitsC、thereductionofdistributorscouldincreaseitsshareofthemarketD、itwantedtoenhanceconsumerconfidenceinitsproducts標準答案：A知識點解析：第3段前兩句提到“在過去幾年中，馬薩諸塞州分公司限制其分銷商及其商店中鞋子的數(shù)量，部分原因是他們必須這樣做。有時對銳步鞋的需求超過其供應，公司難以滿足現(xiàn)有分銷商的訂單”，A正確；其余三項均與文意相悖。14、AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders,it______.A、doesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetworkB、stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostoresC、isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproductsD、stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts標準答案：C知識點解析：第3段倒數(shù)第2句提到“供不應求的問題似乎已得到控制，但公司仍然嚴格挑選分銷商”，C與文中觀點一致，為正確選項。15、WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike’sdistributionproblems?A、Acompanyshouldnotsellitshighqualityshoesindiscountstores.B、Acompanyshouldnotlimititsdistributionnetwork.C、Acompanyshoulddofollow-upsurveysofitsproducts.D、Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcrazeonthemarket.標準答案：D知識點解析：最后一段提到“通過產(chǎn)品多樣化和詳細的市場調(diào)查，銳步希望避免耐克幾年前所遇到的分銷問題。當時耐克公司錯誤地判斷了健身操鞋的銷售熱，最后不得不通過折扣商店售出其數(shù)量龐大的存貨”，由此可知D正確。Carmakershavelongusedsextoselltheirproducts.Recently,however,bothBMWandRenaulthavebasedtheirlatestEuropeanmarketingcampaignsaroundtheiconofmodernbiology.BMWscampaign,whichlaunchesitsnew3-seriessportssalooninBritainandIreland,showsthenewcreationandfourofitsearlierversionszigzaggingaroundalandscapemadeupofgiantDNAsequences,withabriefexplanationthatDNAisthemoleculeresponsiblefortheinheritanceofsuchfeaturesasstrength,powerandintelligence.TheRenaultoffering,whichpromotesitsexistingLagunamodel,employsevolutionarytheoryevenmoreexplicitly.Thecompany'stelevisioncommercialsintersperse(點綴)clipsofthecarwithscenesfromalecturebySteveJones,aprofessorofgeneticsatUniversityCollegeLondon.BMW'scampaignisintendedtoconveytheideaofdevelopmentalliedtoheritage.Thelatestproduct,inotherwords,shouldbeviewedasthenewandimprovedscion(后代)ofalonglineofgoodcars.Renault'smessageismoresubtle.Itisthatevolutionworksbygradualimprovementsratherthansuddenleapsandinthis,Renaultisaligningitselfwith(與……保持一致)biologicalorthodoxy.So,althoughthenewcarintheadvertisementmaylookliketheoldone,theexternalformconcealsanumberofsignificantchangestotheengine.Whilethesealterationsarealmostinvisibletotheaveragedriver,Renaulthopestheywillimprovethecar'sperformance,andultimatelyitssurvivalinthemarketplace.Whethertheyactuallydosowilldepend,inpart,onwhethermarketershavereadthepublicmoodcorrectly.For,evenifgeneticsreallydoesofferausefulmetaphorforautomobiles,employingitinadvertisingisnotwithoutitsdangers.ThatisbecauseDNA'spublicimageisambiguous.Inonecontext,peoplemayseeitasthecornerstoneofmodernmedicalprogress.Inanother,itwillbringtomindsuchcontroversialissuesasabortion,geneticallymodifiedfood-stuffs,andthesinistersubjectofeugenics(優(yōu)生學).Carmakersareprobablystandingonsafergroundthanbiologists.Buteventheycanmakemistakes.Thoughitwouldnotbeobvioustothecasualobserver,someoftheDNAwhichfeaturesinBMWsadsforitsnice,newcaroncebelongedtoawoollymammoth—abeastthathasbeenextinctfor10,000years.Not,presumably,quitethemessagethatthemarketingdepartmentwastryingtoconvey.16、BothBMWandRenaultusetheiconofmodernbiologyinmarketinginordertointroducecars______.A、thatareproducedwithadvancedtechnologiesB、thataremanufacturedonDNAtechnologyC、thatareimprovedonthebasisoftheoldonesD、thathavenothingtodowiththepreciousmodels標準答案：C知識點解析：文章在第3段對汽車制造商的營銷策略，即theiconofmodernbiology，進行解釋。第3段前兩句提到“德國寶馬汽車公司的策略是通過與遺傳結(jié)合傳遞發(fā)展的理念。即公司的最新產(chǎn)品可視為長長一串優(yōu)秀產(chǎn)品經(jīng)過改良的后代?！币约暗?-4句中的“雷諾公司的策略更加微妙，產(chǎn)品的換代是一種漸進的改良，而不是突然跳躍性的改變”，由上可知，這兩家的營銷策略旨在說明新款汽車繼承了原來產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)，并有所改良，C正確。17、WhatisthedifferencebetweenBMW’smarketingcampaignandRenault’s?A、Renault’scampaignemploysevolutionarytheorywhileBMWsdoesn’t.B、Renault’scampaignemphasizestechnologicalevolutionwhileBMWsemphasizestechnologicalrevolution.C、BMWscampaigndisplaysimprovementontheircarslessexplicitlythanRenault’sdoes.D、BMWscampaignismuchmoreeffectivethanRenault’s.標準答案：C知識點解析：由第2段第2句中的TheRenault…employsevolutionarytheoryevenmoreexplicitly以及第3段第2句Renault’smessageismoresubtle可知C正確。A與原文表述不符；文章沒有提到寶馬對產(chǎn)品掀起技術(shù)上的變革，故B錯；D文中沒有提到。18、Inthethirdparagraph,by"biologicalorthodoxy",theauthormeans______.A、Renaultdoesn’tmakeanychangeinthenewcarmodelB、RenaultmakesgradualchangeinthenewcarmodelC、RenaultmakesgreatchangeinthenewcarmodelD、Renaultmakessuddenchangeinthenewcarmodel標準答案：B知識點解析：biologicalorthodoxy(生物學的正統(tǒng)觀念)出現(xiàn)于第3段第4句句末，inthis指的是前面提到的bygradualimprovementsratherthansuddenleaps可以直接選出B，即雷諾公司對新推出的汽車的改良是“漸變性的”。19、Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatthesuccessofthecampaignemployingmodernbiologydependson______.A、publicunderstandingofDNAB、advancesingeneticresearchC、thewillingnessofcustomerstobuyD、thedisappearanceofgenetically-modifiedproducts標準答案：A知識點解析：第4段首句“他們能否真的做到這一點，部分取決于市場營銷人員是否摸準了大眾的心理”為該段主題句，下文接著講到了人們對DNA這個意象的理解是不同的。結(jié)合這些可以看出，廣告能否獲得成功，取決于人們對于DNA的理解，故本題選A。20、Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat______.A、BMWsmarketershaveapoorknowledgeofbiologyB、thepubliccannotspotthemistakeinBMW’sadsC、BMWsmarketersprobablymisusethewoollymammoth’sDNAintheadsD、thepublicmostprobablywillresistthenewcarduetothemistakeintheads標準答案：C知識點解析：最后一段最后一句說“德國寶馬公司在推出其漂亮新車的廣告中使用了DNA，這些DNA屬于毛猛犸象——一種已經(jīng)滅絕一萬年的野獸。大概，這不是他們營銷部門想要在廣告中傳達的信息吧”，可見，寶馬公司的營銷人員很可能是在廣告中誤用了毛猛犸象的DNA這一意象，故選C。其他選項無原文依據(jù)。大學英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、詞匯理解(本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。)Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentrated【C1】________ontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthen【C2】________themintomoney.Marketing,ontheotherhand,【C3】________thatemphasisisplacedonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithanalyzingthe【C4】________anddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumer【C5】________isknownasthemarketingconcept.Itsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiertoproduce,themakersfirsttrytofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingit【C6】________forpurchase.Everystep—design,production,【C7】________,promotion—ismadeaccordingtoconsumerdemand.Thisconceptdoesnotmeanthatconsumersatisfactionis【C8】________toprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinessactivity—thefirmandtheconsumer—andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetrade【C9】________.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingcustomers.WhenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrinkinmid-1985,thenon-acceptancebya【C10】________portionofthepublicbroughtaboutaquickrestorationoftheClassicCoke.Thisisagoodexampleoftheimportanceofsatisfyingconsumers.A)approachF)distributionK)preferencesB)automaticallyG)impliesL)primarilyC)availableH)obligationM)priorD)contributionI)occursN)qualifyE)convertJ)overallO)significant1、【C1】標準答案：L知識點解析：副詞辨析題。本句主謂賓完整，可判定空格處應填入一個副詞。根據(jù)句意可知，早些年的銷售都是依靠說服消費者來買東西，主要是重生產(chǎn)，所以選L項primarily。2、【C2】標準答案：E知識點解析：動詞辨析題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格前是并列連詞and，故此處需要填入動詞原形，與produce并列，并且能夠與into搭配。根據(jù)句意，這樣的生產(chǎn)與銷售關(guān)注的是銷售者生產(chǎn)商品并將商品________資金的需求，convertsth.intosth.表示“將……轉(zhuǎn)換成……”，所以選E項convert。3、【C3】標準答案：G知識點解析：動詞辨析題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子缺少謂語，故此處需要填入一個動詞。根據(jù)下文提到的“Itsimplymeans…”可以推測出，此處也是對主語marketing進行解釋，所以選G項implies。4、【C4】標準答案：K知識點解析：名詞辨析題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應填入一個名詞。根據(jù)空格后的demandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem(消費者的需求，以便于生產(chǎn)使他們滿意的商品)可知，此處應該是指消費者的喜好，故選K項preferences。5、【C5】標準答案：A知識點解析：名詞辨析題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句缺少主語，且空格前是一個復合名詞作定語。由空格后提到的themarketingconcept可知，所填詞應該是對其做出的解釋，所以選A項approach。6、【C6】標準答案：C知識點解析：形容詞辨析題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處需要填入一個形容詞作賓語補足語。根據(jù)空格前提到的“營銷就是分析消費者的喜好和需求，然后進行生產(chǎn)，以滿足消費者需求”可以推斷出，此處是指商品可供消費者購買，應選C項available。7、【C7】標準答案：F知識點解析：名詞辨析題。由空格前后可推斷此處應填入一個名詞。根據(jù)句意得知，所填詞語應是營銷的一個環(huán)節(jié)，distribution意為“分配，配送”，所以選F。8、【C8】標準答案：M知識點解析：形容詞辨析題。空格位于is之后，可以判定應填入一個形容詞。根據(jù)下文提到的eachmustbesatisfied(雙方都要滿意才行)可以看出，消費者的利益并不優(yōu)先于公司利益，priorto的意思是“先于……”，所以選M。9、【C9】標準答案：I知識點解析：動詞辨析題。此從句中trade后缺少謂語，因此應填入一個動詞第三人稱單數(shù)。由句意可推斷出，此處表示在交易發(fā)生之前雙方都要滿意，因此選I項Occurs。10、【C10】標準答案：O知識點解析：形容詞辨析題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處需填入一個形容詞。根據(jù)空格后的aquickrestorationoftheClassicCoke可以推測，應該是有許多人反對，否則不會恢復到原來的口味，asignificantportionof意為“許多，大量”，所以選O。二、長篇閱讀(本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。)Climatechangemaybereal,butit'sstillnoteasybeinggreenHowdoweconvinceourinnercavemantobegreener?Weasksomeoutstandingsocialscientists.A)Theroadtoclimatehellispavedwithourgoodintentions.Politiciansmaytacklepolluterswhilescientistsdobattlewithcarbonemissions.Butthemostpervasiveproblemislessobvious:ourownbehaviour.Wegetdistractedbeforewecanturndowntheheating.Webreakourpromisenottoflyafterhearingaboutaneighbour'striptoIndia.Ultimately,wecan'tbebotheredtochangeourattitude.Fortunatelyfortheplanet,socialscienceandbehaviouraleconomicsmaybeabletodothatforus.B)Despitemournfulpolarbearsandchartsshowingcarbonemissionssoaring,mostpeoplefindithardtobelievethatglobalwarmingwillaffectthempersonally.RecentpollsbythePewResearchCentreinWashington,DC,foundthat75-80percentofparticipantsregardedclimatechangeasanimportantissue.Butrespondentsrankeditlastonalistofpriorities.C)Thisinconsistencylargelystemsfromafeelingofpowerlessness."Whenwecan'tactuallyremovethesourceofourfear,wetendtoadaptpsychologicallybyadoptingarangeofdefencemechanisms,"saysTomCrompton,changestrategistfortheenvironmentalorganisationWorldWideFundforNature.D)Partofthefaultlieswithourinnercaveman.Evolutionhasprogrammedhumanstopaymostattentiontoissuesthatwillhaveanimmediateimpact."Weworrymostaboutnowbecauseifwedon'tsurviveforthenextminute,we'renotgoingtobearoundintenyears'time,"saysProfessorElkeWeberoftheCentreforResearchonEnvironmentalDecisionsatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.IftheThameswerelappingaroundBigBen,Londonerswouldfaceuptotheproblemofemissionsprettyquickly.Butinpractice,ourbraindiscountstherisks—andbenefits—associatedwithissuesthatliesomewayahead.E)MatthewRushworth,oftheDepartmentofExperimentalPsychologyattheUniversityofOxford,seesthisinhislabeveryday."Oneofthewaysinwhichallagentsseemtomakedecisionsisthattheyassignalowerweightingtooutcomesthataregoingtobefurtherawayinthefuture,"hesays."Thisisaverysensiblewayforananimaltomakedecisionsinthewildandwouldhavebeenveryhelpfulforhumansforthousandsofyears."F)Notanylonger.Bythetimewewakeuptothethreatposedbyclimatechange,itcouldwellbetoolate.Andifwe'renotgoingtomakerationaldecisionsaboutthefuture,othersmayhavetohelpustodoso.G)FewpoliticallibrariesarewithoutacopyofNudge-.ImprovingDecisionsAboutHealth,WealthandHappiness,byRichardThalerandCassSunstein.Theyarguethatgovernmentsshouldpersuadeusintomakingbetterdecisions—suchassavingmoreinourpensionplans—bychangingthedefaultoptions.ProfessorWeberbelievesthatenvironmentalpolicycanmakeuseofsimilartactics.If,forexample,buildingcodesincludedgreenconstructionguidelines,mostdeveloperswouldbetoolazytochallengethem.H)Defaultsarecertainlypartofthesolution.Butsocialscientistsaremostconcernedaboutcraftingmessagesthatexploitourgroupmentality(心態(tài))."Weneedtounderstandwhatmotivatespeople,whatitisthatallowsthemtomakechange,"saysProfessorNeilAdger,oftheTyndallCentreforClimateChangeResearchinNorwich."Itisactuallyaboutwhattheirpeersthinkofthem,whattheirsocialnormsare,whatisseenasdesirableinsociety."Inotherwords,ourinnercavemaniscontinuallylookingoverhisshouldertoseewhattherestofthetribeareupto.I)Thepassiveattitudewehavetoclimatechangeasindividualscanbealteredbycountingusin—andmeasuringusagainst—ourpeergroup."Socialnormsareprimitiveandelemental,"saysDr.RobertCialdini,authorofInfluence-.ThePsychologyofPersuasion."Birdsflocktogether,fishschooltogether,cattleherdtogether...justperceivingnormsisenoughtocausepeopletoadjusttheirbehaviourinthedirectionofthecrowd."J)Thesenormscantakeusbeyondgoodintentions.CialdiniconductedastudyinSanDiegoinwhichcoathangersbearingmessagesaboutsavingenergywerehungonpeople'sdoors.Someofthemessagesmentionedtheenvironment,somefinancialsavings,otherssocialresponsibility.Butitwastheonesthatmentionedtheactionsofneighboursthatdrovedownpoweruse.K)Otherstudiesshowthatsimplyprovidingthefacilityforpeopletocomparetheirenergyusewiththelocalaverageisenoughtocausethemtomodifytheirbehaviour.TheConservativesplantoadoptthisstrategybymakingutilitycompaniesprinttheaveragelocalelectricityandgasusageonpeople'sbills.L)Socialsciencecanalsoteachpoliticianshowtoavoidourcollectivecapacityforself-destructivebehaviour.EnvironmentalcampaignsthattellushowmanypeopledriveSUVsunwittingly(不經(jīng)意地)implythatthisbehaviouriswidespreadandthuspermissible.Cialdinirecommendssomecarefulframingofthemessage."Insteadofnormalisingtheundesirablebehaviour,themessageneed