大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷61（共190題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷61（共9套）（共190題）大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、仔細(xì)閱讀(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Movingfarmorequicklythanmanyhadthoughtlikelyorpossible,lawmakersinthe10-memberHouse-Senatecommitteeannouncedtheagreementafterlessthan24hoursofnegotiations.SenateMajorityLeaderHarryReid:"Likeanynegotiation,thisinvolvedgiveandtake,andifyoudon'tmindmysayingsothatisanunderstatement."Theagreementdropsthetotalto$789billion,whilebothSenateandHouse-passedmeasuresexceeded$800billion.Acombinationoflowandmiddleincometaxcuts,makingupabout35percentofthebill,anddomesticspending,itssupporterssayitmeetsPresidentBarackObama'sgoalofcreatingorsavingasmanyas4millionjobs.SusanCollinsofMainewasamongonly3moderateSenateRepublicanswhojoinedtheDemocraticmajoritythere.Shesaysmoneytrimmedfromthebillreflectsanefforttofocusitmoresharplytohelptheeconomy."Itisafiscally-responsiblenumberthatreflectsoureffortstotrulyfocusthisbillonprograms,andpoliciesandtaxreliefthatwillhelpturnoureconomyaround,createjobsandproviderelieftothefamiliesofourcountry,"shesaid.Collinsalsopointedouttheagreementincreasesspendingoninfrastructureprojects,morethan$150billionintheproposedmeasure.Republicanopponentskeptuptheircriticisms,primarilythatthemeasurecontainsuntargetedspendingandnottherightleveloftaxrelief.HouseRepublicanleaderJohnBoehnervoiceddisappointmentwiththeagreement,repeatinghisassertionthatthemeasurewillnotcreatejobsquicklyenough."ItappearsthattheyhavemadeabadbillworsebyreducingtheamountoftaxreliefforAmericanfamiliesandsmallbusinesses,andaddingmorewastefulWashingtonspending,"hesaid.ButSenatorArlenSpecter,anothermoderateRepublicanwhoworkedwithDemocrats,saidactionwasrequired."Thisisobviouslyaverydifficultvoteinviewofthelargedeficitandnationaldebtwhichwehave,butIbelieveitisindispensable,thatstrongactionbetaken,"hesaid.WhiteHouseaides,includingChiefofStaffRahmEmanuel,joinedinthenegotiationsonCapitolHill.Lawmakersbehindtheagreementhopeafinalconferencereportwillbereadyinthenext2daysthattheHouseandSenatewillvoteon.ApprovalwouldsendthelegislationtoPresidentObamaforsignature.AneventualSenatevoteisexpectedtomirrorearlierresultsinwhichmajorityDemocrats,withhelpfromthe3Republicans,achievedthe60votesneededtoovercomeanyproceduralblock.ItremainstobeseenhowavotewillturnoutintheHouse,wherenoRepublicanssupportedaHouse-passedmeasure,butwhereDemocratsholdastrongenoughmajoritytopassmeasureseasily.HouseRepublicanleadersdeclinedtopredictWednesdayhowmanyintheirpartymightsupportfinallegislation.1、"Theagreement"(Line2,Para.1)ismostprobablyabillabout______.A、stimulusfortheeconomyB、reformofthelegalsystemC、fundingfortheeducationalsystemD、expenditureonthenationaldefence標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本文多處提及與“經(jīng)濟(jì)”有關(guān)的詞，如第2段中的incometaxcuts，domesticspending，第3段的helptheeconomy，turnoureconomyaround，createjobs等，從這些詞語(yǔ)可推斷本文開(kāi)頭提到的agreement應(yīng)該與經(jīng)濟(jì)政策有關(guān)，因此選A。2、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHarryReidisTRUE?A、HecomesfromtheRepublicParty.B、HecomesfromtheDemocraticParty.C、Heisoptimisticaboutthefutureeconomy.D、Heispessimisticaboutthefutureeconomy.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第1段末句提到HarryReid是參議院多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖，而從第3段首句中的theDemocraticmajority可知參議院的多數(shù)派是民主黨，由此可見(jiàn)B正確。C和D沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)。3、SusanCollinsacceptedtheagreementwith______.A、mildreservationsB、reluctantcompromiseC、firmconfidenceD、reasonableskepticism標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第3段講到，SusanCollins相信實(shí)施這個(gè)計(jì)劃后，美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)回暖，會(huì)創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，減輕大部分家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力。由此可推斷C正確。A、B、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表示對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計(jì)劃持一定程度的懷疑，這與原文內(nèi)容不符。故排除。4、ArlenSpectermostprobablythoughtthat______.A、somesenatorswouldbecomeundeterminedintheprocessofvotingB、theeconomicproblemsshouldbesolvedimmediatelyC、deficitandnationaldebtshouldn’thavebeenneglectedD、themeasuresintheagreementwouldnotbeaseffectiveasexpected標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第5段提到了ArlenSpecter認(rèn)為“必須采取行動(dòng)”，再結(jié)合上下文可知他認(rèn)為必須立刻采取行動(dòng)解決經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，因此選B。Specter雖提及averydifficultvote，但原文并沒(méi)有指出這是因?yàn)閰⒆h院在投票時(shí)猶豫不決，因此A不正確；文中雖出現(xiàn)了deficit和nationaldebt這些字眼，但Specter沒(méi)提及不能忽視這些，故排除C；D文中沒(méi)有提及。5、ItcanbeinferredabouttheHousefromthepassagethat______.A、itisledbyaRepublicanleaderB、mostRepublicansaremoderateC、measuresproposedbytheRepublicansareseldompassedD、measurescanbepassedwithouttheRepublicans’support標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：最后一段第2句講到，眾議院的投票結(jié)果如何還不明朗，眾議院里沒(méi)有共和黨人支持眾議院通過(guò)的經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激方案，在眾議院中，民主黨人占的席位足夠多，足以輕易通過(guò)法案，D為本題答案。AgehasitsprivilegesinAmerica,andoneofthemoreprominentofthemistheseniorcitizendiscount.Anyonewhohasreachedacertainage—insomecasesaslowas55—isautomaticallyentitledtoadazzlingarrayofpricereductionsatnearlyeverylevelofcommerciallife.Eligibilityisdeterminednotbyone'sneedbutbythedateonone'sbirthcertificate.Practicallyunheardofagenerationago,thediscountshavebecomearoutinepartofmanybusinesses—ascommonascolortelevisionsinmotelroomsandfreecoffeeonairliners.Peoplewithgrayhairoftenaregiventhediscountswithoutevenaskingforthem;yet,millionsofAmericansaboveage60arehealthyandsolvent(有支付能力的).Businessesthatwouldneverdareofferdiscountstocollegestudentsoranyoneunder30freelyofferthemtoolderAmericans.Thepracticeisacceptablebecauseofthewidespreadbeliefthat"elderly"and"needy"aresynonymous(同義的).Perhapsthatoncewastrue,buttodayelderlyAmericansasagrouphavealowerpovertyratethantherestofthepopulation.Tobesure,thereiseconomicdiversitywithintheelderly,andmanyolderAmericansarepoor.Butmostofthemaren't.Itisimpossibletodeterminetheimpactofthediscountsonindividualcompanies.Formanyfirms,theyareastimulustorevenue.Butinothercasesthediscountsaregivenattheexpense,directlyorindirectly,ofyoungerAmericans.Moreover,theyareadirectirritantinwhatsomepoliticiansandscholarsseeasacomingconflictbetweenthegenerations.GenerationaltensionsarebeingfueledbycontinuingdebateoverSocialSecuritybenefits,whichmostlyinvolvesatransferofresourcesfromtheyoungtotheold.Employmentisanothersorepoint.Buoyed(支持)bylawsandcourtdecisions,moreandmoreolderAmericansaredecliningtheretirementdinnerinfavorofstayingonthejob—therebylesseningemploymentandpromotionopportunitiesforyoungerworkers.Farfromakindofcharitytheyoncewere,seniorcitizendiscountshavebecomeaformidableeconomicprivilegetoagroupwithmillionsofmemberswhodon'tneedthem.Itnolongermakessensetotreattheelderlyasasinglegroupwhoseeconomicneedsdeservepriorityoverthoseofothers.Seniorcitizendiscountsonlyenhancethemyththatolderpeoplecan'ttakecareofthemselvesandneedspecialtreatment;andtheythreatenthecreationofanewmyth,thattheelderlyareungratefulandtakingforthemselvesattheexpenseofchildrenandotheragegroups.SeniorcitizendiscountsaretheessenceoftheverythingolderAmericansarefightingagainst—discriminationbyage.6、Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat______.A、offeringseniorcitizensdiscountshasbecomeroutinecommercialpracticeB、seniorcitizendiscountshaveenabledmanyoldpeopletoliveadecentlifeC、givingseniorcitizensdiscountshasboostedthemarketfortheelderlyD、seniorcitizenshavetoshowtheirbirthcertificatestogetadiscount標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第1段首句講到，美國(guó)的年齡特權(quán)較為突出的表現(xiàn)就是老年人可以享受折扣。末句又說(shuō)老年人享有折扣成為許多商家的常規(guī)，A為本題答案。該段第3句談及享有折扣的資格是根據(jù)出生證上的日期而定，并未說(shuō)享受折扣時(shí)要出示出生證，D錯(cuò)誤。B中的liveadecentlife和C中的haveboostedthemarket無(wú)原文依據(jù)。7、Whatassumptionliesbehindthepracticeofseniorcitizendiscounts?A、Businesses,havingmadealotofprofits,shoulddosomethingforsocietyinreturn.B、Oldpeopleareentitledtospecialtreatmentforthecontributiontheymadetosociety.C、Theelderly,beingfinanciallyunderprivileged,needhumanehelpfromsociety.D、SeniorcitizendiscountscanmakeupfortheinadequacyoftheSocialSecuritysystem.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第2段第3句講到，這個(gè)做法之所以被接受是因?yàn)槿藗兤毡檎J(rèn)為“年老的”和“貧窮的”是同義的，也就是說(shuō)因?yàn)槔夏耆嗽诮?jīng)濟(jì)方面處于弱勢(shì)地位，需要社會(huì)的幫助，由此得出答案為C。8、Accordingtosomepoliticiansandscholars,seniorcitizendiscountswill______.A、makeoldpeopleevenmoredependentonsocietyB、intensifyconflictsbetweentheyoungandtheoldC、haveadversefinancialimpactonbusinesscompaniesD、bringamarkedincreaseinthecompanies’revenues標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第3段末句講到，和某些政客和學(xué)者所闡述的那樣，老年人的折扣特權(quán)引起了代與代之間的沖突，即會(huì)讓老年人和年輕人之間的關(guān)系變得緊張，B為本題答案。9、HowdoestheauthorviewtheSocialSecuritysystem?A、Itencourageselderlypeopletoretireintime.B、Itopensupbroadcareerprospectsforyoungpeople.C、Itbenefitstheoldattheexpenseoftheyoung.D、Itshouldbereinforcedbylawsandcourtdecisions.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第4段講到，關(guān)于社會(huì)保障救濟(jì)金的辯論更加激化了代與代之間的緊張關(guān)系，這種社會(huì)保障救濟(jì)主要是把年輕人的資源轉(zhuǎn)給老年人，而老年人拒絕退休則減少了一些年輕人就業(yè)和升職的機(jī)會(huì)?？梢?jiàn)，作者認(rèn)為這種保障體系是以犧牲年輕人為代價(jià)而讓老年人受益，C為本題答案。10、Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’smainargument?A、Seniorcitizensshouldfighthardagainstagediscrimination.B、Theelderlyareselfishandtakingseniordiscountsforgranted.C、Priorityshouldbegiventotheeconomicneedsofseniorcitizens.D、Seniorcitizendiscountsmaywellbeatypeofagediscrimination.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：全文圍繞“美國(guó)老年人享有折扣”展開(kāi)了論述，談及此政策所引起的代際沖突，最后表明作者的立場(chǎng)：認(rèn)為老年人需要更多優(yōu)先權(quán)的觀念已不合時(shí)宜，老年人享有折扣本質(zhì)上是年齡歧視。D為本題答案。Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalled"footwearforyuppies(雅皮士，少壯高薪職業(yè)人士)"'.TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren'sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobics(健身操)orrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthatthroughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingboots,dressandcasualshoes,andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines,allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.Still,despiteitsemphasisonnewmarkets,Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarket(高檔消費(fèi)人群的)retailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto$1billionannually,aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Reebokshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany'sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofitsdistributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReeboksexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent,ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnitedStates.Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-relatedcraze,replacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayitsbrightlycolored,softleatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch,ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.11、OnereasonwhyReebok’smanagerialpersonneldon’tliketheirshoestobecalled"footwearforyuppies"isthat______.A、theybelievethattheirshoesarepopularwithpeopleofdifferentagegroupsB、newproductionlineshavebeenaddedtoproduceinexpensiveshoesC、yuppiesusuallyevokesanegativeimageD、thetermmakespeoplethinkofprohibitiveprices標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第1段提到“他們認(rèn)為銳步鞋對(duì)各種各樣的消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)都有吸引力，尤其是現(xiàn)在，公司生產(chǎn)出了籃球鞋和適合18歲以下青少年穿的鞋子以及對(duì)健身操或跑步不感興趣的老年人所穿的散步鞋”，故選A；B并不是直接原因，不是最佳選擇；C和D均與文意相悖。12、Reebok’sviewthat"consumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution"(Line5,Para.2)impliesthat______.A、thequalityofabrandismeasuredbytheservicequalityofthestoresellingitB、thequalityofaproductdeterminesthequalityofitsdistributorsC、thepopularityofabrandisdeterminedbythestoresthatsellitD、consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhigh-qualitystores標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第2段提到“銳步鞋的售價(jià)從27到85美元不等，將繼續(xù)只會(huì)在高檔次的專(zhuān)賣(mài)店、體育用品商店和百貨公司出售，因?yàn)檫@種做法符合公司的觀點(diǎn)，即消費(fèi)者根據(jù)分銷(xiāo)商的檔次來(lái)判斷品牌的質(zhì)量”，D與此觀點(diǎn)相符。文中的quality并不指服務(wù)質(zhì)量，可排除A；B倒置因果關(guān)系；C與文中觀點(diǎn)相悖。13、Reebokoncehadtolimitthenumberofitsdistributorsbecause______.A、itssupplyofproductsfellshortofdemandB、toomanydistributorswouldcutintoitsprofitsC、thereductionofdistributorscouldincreaseitsshareofthemarketD、itwantedtoenhanceconsumerconfidenceinitsproducts標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第3段前兩句提到“在過(guò)去幾年中，馬薩諸塞州分公司限制其分銷(xiāo)商及其商店中鞋子的數(shù)量，部分原因是他們必須這樣做。有時(shí)對(duì)銳步鞋的需求超過(guò)其供應(yīng)，公司難以滿足現(xiàn)有分銷(xiāo)商的訂單”，A正確；其余三項(xiàng)均與文意相悖。14、AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders,it______.A、doesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetworkB、stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostoresC、isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproductsD、stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第3段倒數(shù)第2句提到“供不應(yīng)求的問(wèn)題似乎已得到控制，但公司仍然嚴(yán)格挑選分銷(xiāo)商”，C與文中觀點(diǎn)一致，為正確選項(xiàng)。15、WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike’sdistributionproblems?A、Acompanyshouldnotsellitshighqualityshoesindiscountstores.B、Acompanyshouldnotlimititsdistributionnetwork.C、Acompanyshoulddofollow-upsurveysofitsproducts.D、Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcrazeonthemarket.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：最后一段提到“通過(guò)產(chǎn)品多樣化和詳細(xì)的市場(chǎng)調(diào)查，銳步希望避免耐克幾年前所遇到的分銷(xiāo)問(wèn)題。當(dāng)時(shí)耐克公司錯(cuò)誤地判斷了健身操鞋的銷(xiāo)售熱，最后不得不通過(guò)折扣商店售出其數(shù)量龐大的存貨”，由此可知D正確。Carmakershavelongusedsextoselltheirproducts.Recently,however,bothBMWandRenaulthavebasedtheirlatestEuropeanmarketingcampaignsaroundtheiconofmodernbiology.BMWscampaign,whichlaunchesitsnew3-seriessportssalooninBritainandIreland,showsthenewcreationandfourofitsearlierversionszigzaggingaroundalandscapemadeupofgiantDNAsequences,withabriefexplanationthatDNAisthemoleculeresponsiblefortheinheritanceofsuchfeaturesasstrength,powerandintelligence.TheRenaultoffering,whichpromotesitsexistingLagunamodel,employsevolutionarytheoryevenmoreexplicitly.Thecompany'stelevisioncommercialsintersperse(點(diǎn)綴)clipsofthecarwithscenesfromalecturebySteveJones,aprofessorofgeneticsatUniversityCollegeLondon.BMW'scampaignisintendedtoconveytheideaofdevelopmentalliedtoheritage.Thelatestproduct,inotherwords,shouldbeviewedasthenewandimprovedscion(后代)ofalonglineofgoodcars.Renault'smessageismoresubtle.Itisthatevolutionworksbygradualimprovementsratherthansuddenleapsandinthis,Renaultisaligningitselfwith(與……保持一致)biologicalorthodoxy.So,althoughthenewcarintheadvertisementmaylookliketheoldone,theexternalformconcealsanumberofsignificantchangestotheengine.Whilethesealterationsarealmostinvisibletotheaveragedriver,Renaulthopestheywillimprovethecar'sperformance,andultimatelyitssurvivalinthemarketplace.Whethertheyactuallydosowilldepend,inpart,onwhethermarketershavereadthepublicmoodcorrectly.For,evenifgeneticsreallydoesofferausefulmetaphorforautomobiles,employingitinadvertisingisnotwithoutitsdangers.ThatisbecauseDNA'spublicimageisambiguous.Inonecontext,peoplemayseeitasthecornerstoneofmodernmedicalprogress.Inanother,itwillbringtomindsuchcontroversialissuesasabortion,geneticallymodifiedfood-stuffs,andthesinistersubjectofeugenics(優(yōu)生學(xué)).Carmakersareprobablystandingonsafergroundthanbiologists.Buteventheycanmakemistakes.Thoughitwouldnotbeobvioustothecasualobserver,someoftheDNAwhichfeaturesinBMWsadsforitsnice,newcaroncebelongedtoawoollymammoth—abeastthathasbeenextinctfor10,000years.Not,presumably,quitethemessagethatthemarketingdepartmentwastryingtoconvey.16、BothBMWandRenaultusetheiconofmodernbiologyinmarketinginordertointroducecars______.A、thatareproducedwithadvancedtechnologiesB、thataremanufacturedonDNAtechnologyC、thatareimprovedonthebasisoftheoldonesD、thathavenothingtodowiththepreciousmodels標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章在第3段對(duì)汽車(chē)制造商的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)策略，即theiconofmodernbiology，進(jìn)行解釋。第3段前兩句提到“德國(guó)寶馬汽車(chē)公司的策略是通過(guò)與遺傳結(jié)合傳遞發(fā)展的理念。即公司的最新產(chǎn)品可視為長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)一串優(yōu)秀產(chǎn)品經(jīng)過(guò)改良的后代?！币约暗?-4句中的“雷諾公司的策略更加微妙，產(chǎn)品的換代是一種漸進(jìn)的改良，而不是突然跳躍性的改變”，由上可知，這兩家的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)策略旨在說(shuō)明新款汽車(chē)?yán)^承了原來(lái)產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)，并有所改良，C正確。17、WhatisthedifferencebetweenBMW’smarketingcampaignandRenault’s?A、Renault’scampaignemploysevolutionarytheorywhileBMWsdoesn’t.B、Renault’scampaignemphasizestechnologicalevolutionwhileBMWsemphasizestechnologicalrevolution.C、BMWscampaigndisplaysimprovementontheircarslessexplicitlythanRenault’sdoes.D、BMWscampaignismuchmoreeffectivethanRenault’s.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由第2段第2句中的TheRenault…employsevolutionarytheoryevenmoreexplicitly以及第3段第2句Renault’smessageismoresubtle可知C正確。A與原文表述不符；文章沒(méi)有提到寶馬對(duì)產(chǎn)品掀起技術(shù)上的變革，故B錯(cuò)；D文中沒(méi)有提到。18、Inthethirdparagraph,by"biologicalorthodoxy",theauthormeans______.A、Renaultdoesn’tmakeanychangeinthenewcarmodelB、RenaultmakesgradualchangeinthenewcarmodelC、RenaultmakesgreatchangeinthenewcarmodelD、Renaultmakessuddenchangeinthenewcarmodel標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：biologicalorthodoxy(生物學(xué)的正統(tǒng)觀念)出現(xiàn)于第3段第4句句末，inthis指的是前面提到的bygradualimprovementsratherthansuddenleaps可以直接選出B，即雷諾公司對(duì)新推出的汽車(chē)的改良是“漸變性的”。19、Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatthesuccessofthecampaignemployingmodernbiologydependson______.A、publicunderstandingofDNAB、advancesingeneticresearchC、thewillingnessofcustomerstobuyD、thedisappearanceofgenetically-modifiedproducts標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第4段首句“他們能否真的做到這一點(diǎn)，部分取決于市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員是否摸準(zhǔn)了大眾的心理”為該段主題句，下文接著講到了人們對(duì)DNA這個(gè)意象的理解是不同的。結(jié)合這些可以看出，廣告能否獲得成功，取決于人們對(duì)于DNA的理解，故本題選A。20、Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat______.A、BMWsmarketershaveapoorknowledgeofbiologyB、thepubliccannotspotthemistakeinBMW’sadsC、BMWsmarketersprobablymisusethewoollymammoth’sDNAintheadsD、thepublicmostprobablywillresistthenewcarduetothemistakeintheads標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：最后一段最后一句說(shuō)“德國(guó)寶馬公司在推出其漂亮新車(chē)的廣告中使用了DNA，這些DNA屬于毛猛犸象——一種已經(jīng)滅絕一萬(wàn)年的野獸。大概，這不是他們營(yíng)銷(xiāo)部門(mén)想要在廣告中傳達(dá)的信息吧”，可見(jiàn)，寶馬公司的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員很可能是在廣告中誤用了毛猛犸象的DNA這一意象，故選C。其他選項(xiàng)無(wú)原文依據(jù)。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、詞匯理解(本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。)Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentrated【C1】________ontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon"persuasivesalesmanship"tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthen【C2】________themintomoney.Marketing,ontheotherhand,【C3】________thatemphasisisplacedonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithanalyzingthe【C4】________anddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumer【C5】________isknownasthemarketingconcept.Itsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiertoproduce,themakersfirsttrytofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingit【C6】________forpurchase.Everystep—design,production,【C7】________,promotion—ismadeaccordingtoconsumerdemand.Thisconceptdoesnotmeanthatconsumersatisfactionis【C8】________toprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinessactivity—thefirmandtheconsumer—andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetrade【C9】________.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingcustomers.WhenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrinkinmid-1985,thenon-acceptancebya【C10】________portionofthepublicbroughtaboutaquickrestorationoftheClassicCoke.Thisisagoodexampleoftheimportanceofsatisfyingconsumers.A)approachF)distributionK)preferencesB)automaticallyG)impliesL)primarilyC)availableH)obligationM)priorD)contributionI)occursN)qualifyE)convertJ)overallO)significant1、【C1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：副詞辨析題。本句主謂賓完整，可判定空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)副詞。根據(jù)句意可知，早些年的銷(xiāo)售都是依靠說(shuō)服消費(fèi)者來(lái)買(mǎi)東西，主要是重生產(chǎn)，所以選L項(xiàng)primarily。2、【C2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：動(dòng)詞辨析題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格前是并列連詞and，故此處需要填入動(dòng)詞原形，與produce并列，并且能夠與into搭配。根據(jù)句意，這樣的生產(chǎn)與銷(xiāo)售關(guān)注的是銷(xiāo)售者生產(chǎn)商品并將商品________資金的需求，convertsth.intosth.表示“將……轉(zhuǎn)換成……”，所以選E項(xiàng)convert。3、【C3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：動(dòng)詞辨析題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子缺少謂語(yǔ)，故此處需要填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)下文提到的“Itsimplymeans…”可以推測(cè)出，此處也是對(duì)主語(yǔ)marketing進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)赃xG項(xiàng)implies。4、【C4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：名詞辨析題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)名詞。根據(jù)空格后的demandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem(消費(fèi)者的需求，以便于生產(chǎn)使他們滿意的商品)可知，此處應(yīng)該是指消費(fèi)者的喜好，故選K項(xiàng)preferences。5、【C5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：名詞辨析題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句缺少主語(yǔ)，且空格前是一個(gè)復(fù)合名詞作定語(yǔ)。由空格后提到的themarketingconcept可知，所填詞應(yīng)該是對(duì)其做出的解釋?zhuān)赃xA項(xiàng)approach。6、【C6】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：形容詞辨析題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處需要填入一個(gè)形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。根據(jù)空格前提到的“營(yíng)銷(xiāo)就是分析消費(fèi)者的喜好和需求，然后進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)，以滿足消費(fèi)者需求”可以推斷出，此處是指商品可供消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買(mǎi)，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)available。7、【C7】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：名詞辨析題。由空格前后可推斷此處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)名詞。根據(jù)句意得知，所填詞語(yǔ)應(yīng)是營(yíng)銷(xiāo)的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，distribution意為“分配，配送”，所以選F。8、【C8】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：形容詞辨析題。空格位于is之后，可以判定應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞。根據(jù)下文提到的eachmustbesatisfied(雙方都要滿意才行)可以看出，消費(fèi)者的利益并不優(yōu)先于公司利益，priorto的意思是“先于……”，所以選M。9、【C9】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：動(dòng)詞辨析題。此從句中trade后缺少謂語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。由句意可推斷出，此處表示在交易發(fā)生之前雙方都要滿意，因此選I項(xiàng)Occurs。10、【C10】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：O知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：形容詞辨析題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處需填入一個(gè)形容詞。根據(jù)空格后的aquickrestorationoftheClassicCoke可以推測(cè)，應(yīng)該是有許多人反對(duì)，否則不會(huì)恢復(fù)到原來(lái)的口味，asignificantportionof意為“許多，大量”，所以選O。二、長(zhǎng)篇閱讀(本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。)Climatechangemaybereal,butit'sstillnoteasybeinggreenHowdoweconvinceourinnercavemantobegreener?Weasksomeoutstandingsocialscientists.A)Theroadtoclimatehellispavedwithourgoodintentions.Politiciansmaytacklepolluterswhilescientistsdobattlewithcarbonemissions.Butthemostpervasiveproblemislessobvious:ourownbehaviour.Wegetdistractedbeforewecanturndowntheheating.Webreakourpromisenottoflyafterhearingaboutaneighbour'striptoIndia.Ultimately,wecan'tbebotheredtochangeourattitude.Fortunatelyfortheplanet,socialscienceandbehaviouraleconomicsmaybeabletodothatforus.B)Despitemournfulpolarbearsandchartsshowingcarbonemissionssoaring,mostpeoplefindithardtobelievethatglobalwarmingwillaffectthempersonally.RecentpollsbythePewResearchCentreinWashington,DC,foundthat75-80percentofparticipantsregardedclimatechangeasanimportantissue.Butrespondentsrankeditlastonalistofpriorities.C)Thisinconsistencylargelystemsfromafeelingofpowerlessness."Whenwecan'tactuallyremovethesourceofourfear,wetendtoadaptpsychologicallybyadoptingarangeofdefencemechanisms,"saysTomCrompton,changestrategistfortheenvironmentalorganisationWorldWideFundforNature.D)Partofthefaultlieswithourinnercaveman.Evolutionhasprogrammedhumanstopaymostattentiontoissuesthatwillhaveanimmediateimpact."Weworrymostaboutnowbecauseifwedon'tsurviveforthenextminute,we'renotgoingtobearoundintenyears'time,"saysProfessorElkeWeberoftheCentreforResearchonEnvironmentalDecisionsatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.IftheThameswerelappingaroundBigBen,Londonerswouldfaceuptotheproblemofemissionsprettyquickly.Butinpractice,ourbraindiscountstherisks—andbenefits—associatedwithissuesthatliesomewayahead.E)MatthewRushworth,oftheDepartmentofExperimentalPsychologyattheUniversityofOxford,seesthisinhislabeveryday."Oneofthewaysinwhichallagentsseemtomakedecisionsisthattheyassignalowerweightingtooutcomesthataregoingtobefurtherawayinthefuture,"hesays."Thisisaverysensiblewayforananimaltomakedecisionsinthewildandwouldhavebeenveryhelpfulforhumansforthousandsofyears."F)Notanylonger.Bythetimewewakeuptothethreatposedbyclimatechange,itcouldwellbetoolate.Andifwe'renotgoingtomakerationaldecisionsaboutthefuture,othersmayhavetohelpustodoso.G)FewpoliticallibrariesarewithoutacopyofNudge-.ImprovingDecisionsAboutHealth,WealthandHappiness,byRichardThalerandCassSunstein.Theyarguethatgovernmentsshouldpersuadeusintomakingbetterdecisions—suchassavingmoreinourpensionplans—bychangingthedefaultoptions.ProfessorWeberbelievesthatenvironmentalpolicycanmakeuseofsimilartactics.If,forexample,buildingcodesincludedgreenconstructionguidelines,mostdeveloperswouldbetoolazytochallengethem.H)Defaultsarecertainlypartofthesolution.Butsocialscientistsaremostconcernedaboutcraftingmessagesthatexploitourgroupmentality(心態(tài))."Weneedtounderstandwhatmotivatespeople,whatitisthatallowsthemtomakechange,"saysProfessorNeilAdger,oftheTyndallCentreforClimateChangeResearchinNorwich."Itisactuallyaboutwhattheirpeersthinkofthem,whattheirsocialnormsare,whatisseenasdesirableinsociety."Inotherwords,ourinnercavemaniscontinuallylookingoverhisshouldertoseewhattherestofthetribeareupto.I)Thepassiveattitudewehavetoclimatechangeasindividualscanbealteredbycountingusin—andmeasuringusagainst—ourpeergroup."Socialnormsareprimitiveandelemental,"saysDr.RobertCialdini,authorofInfluence-.ThePsychologyofPersuasion."Birdsflocktogether,fishschooltogether,cattleherdtogether...justperceivingnormsisenoughtocausepeopletoadjusttheirbehaviourinthedirectionofthecrowd."J)Thesenormscantakeusbeyondgoodintentions.CialdiniconductedastudyinSanDiegoinwhichcoathangersbearingmessagesaboutsavingenergywerehungonpeople'sdoors.Someofthemessagesmentionedtheenvironment,somefinancialsavings,otherssocialresponsibility.Butitwastheonesthatmentionedtheactionsofneighboursthatdrovedownpoweruse.K)Otherstudiesshowthatsimplyprovidingthefacilityforpeopletocomparetheirenergyusewiththelocalaverageisenoughtocausethemtomodifytheirbehaviour.TheConservativesplantoadoptthisstrategybymakingutilitycompaniesprinttheaveragelocalelectricityandgasusageonpeople'sbills.L)Socialsciencecanalsoteachpoliticianshowtoavoidourcollectivecapacityforself-destructivebehaviour.EnvironmentalcampaignsthattellushowmanypeopledriveSUVsunwittingly(不經(jīng)意地)implythatthisbehaviouriswidespreadandthuspermissible.Cialdinirecommendssomecarefulframingofthemessage."Insteadofnormalisingtheundesirablebehaviour,themessageneed