大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷73（共270題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷73（共9套）（共270題）大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、詞匯理解(本題共30題，每題1.0分，共30分。)OnSaturday,BexarCountyDigitalLibrary—a$2.4million,4,000-square-footspacelocatedonthesouthsideofSanAntonio—openstothepublic.Thelibrary,builtwith$1.9millionincountytaxmoneyand$500,000inprivate【C1】______isstockedwith10,000e-books,500e-readers,48computers,and20iPadsandlaptops.Ithasachildren'sarea,studyroomsandacafe.Most【C2】______itwillhavenoprintedmaterial.Thisisn'tthefirsttimeapubliclibraryhas【C3】______togobookless.Consideringour【C4】______awayfromprintandtowardallthingsdigital,theideaofthebooklesslibrarynolongerseemsso【C5】______Aroundthecountry,anumberofpubliclibrarieshaveundergone【C6】______transformationstocatertotheneedsofitsvisitors,oftenbymovingand【C7】______itsbookcollectionstomakewayfordigitalspacesthatcaneasilyadapttoemergingtechnologies.ChicagoPubliclibrary'sYOUmediaoffersspaceforteenstocreatedigitalcontentlikepodcastsandvideogames.TheDistrictofColumbiaPublicLibrarysystemandtheColumbusMetropolitanLibrarySysteminOhioarerenovatingmanyoftheirlocationstocreateall-digitalareasandopenspacesfor【C8】______toworktogether.ArizonaStateUniversityandtheScottsdalePublicLibrarysystemareevencollaboratingtoattractsmallbusinessesand【C9】______toworkinlibrariesacrossthestate.InNewYorkCity,40ofthe62QueensLibrarieshavebeenrenovatedinparttoincreasespaceforjobseekerswhodon'thaveaccesstoacomputerathome.Theyarefocusedonprogramsandserviceslikeresumewriting,jobsearchtipsandlanguageclasses.Publiclibrariesnowofferoneprogramaday【C10】______intheU.S.A)scrutinyB)importantlyC)patronsD)supplementingE)innovativeF)radicalG)tentativeH)attemptedI)entrepreneursJ)definitelyK)donationsL)consolidatingM)justifiedN)driftO)averagely1、【C1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格需填入名詞，作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)。此句說(shuō)明建造圖書(shū)館資金的來(lái)源，從taxmoney和private可推斷資金來(lái)源包括政府和私人捐獻(xiàn)兩種渠道，故選用donations。2、【C2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格獨(dú)立于主句之外，并由逗號(hào)與主句分隔開(kāi)來(lái)，應(yīng)為作狀語(yǔ)的副詞。根據(jù)空格前的most和havenoprintedmaterial(無(wú)印刷材料)可推知，此處進(jìn)一步介紹數(shù)碼圖書(shū)館的特別之處，故選用importantly，體現(xiàn)出與前文的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。3、【C3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于thefirsttime所后接的從句中，該從句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞has提示此處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。This指代上文提及的數(shù)碼圖書(shū)館，isn’tthefirsttime表明這種模式之前已出現(xiàn)，根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)選用attempted，表示數(shù)碼圖書(shū)館不是公立圖書(shū)館采用無(wú)書(shū)模式的首次嘗試。4、【C4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：N知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：our表明空格處應(yīng)為名詞。由方位詞awayfrom和toward推斷此處的名詞應(yīng)表示一種“趨勢(shì)”，名詞庫(kù)中的drift“趨勢(shì)”為本題答案。5、【C5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于系動(dòng)詞seems之后，應(yīng)為表語(yǔ)，而副詞so提示此處應(yīng)為形容詞。根據(jù)上文提到的Thisisn’tthefirsttime和本句中的nolonger可以推斷這種數(shù)碼圖書(shū)館“并不新奇”，故此處選用innovative最為適合。6、【C6】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格在transformations前面，應(yīng)為修飾該名詞的定語(yǔ)，描述各地公共圖書(shū)館發(fā)生了怎樣的轉(zhuǎn)變。根據(jù)空格后提及的makewayfordigitalspaces(為數(shù)碼區(qū)騰出空間)可推知，傳統(tǒng)圖書(shū)館的轉(zhuǎn)變很大，故選用radical“根本的”。7、【C7】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：and表明填入空格的詞與moving為并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。bymoving…collections是圖書(shū)館為數(shù)碼區(qū)騰出空間的方式，故選用consolidating，意為圖書(shū)館通過(guò)“整合”藏書(shū)騰出更多空間。8、【C8】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格在介詞for和不定式toworktogether之間，應(yīng)為名詞，構(gòu)成forsb．todosth．的結(jié)構(gòu)，詞庫(kù)中的名詞patrons符合句意，此處指“讀者”。本句是對(duì)圖書(shū)館一般的描述，與“商業(yè)”、“生意”關(guān)系不大，故排除entrepreneurs。9、【C9】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：and表明空格應(yīng)填入與businesses并列的名詞。圖書(shū)館除向“讀者”開(kāi)放之外，甚至還主動(dòng)招商(attractsmallbusinesses)。詞庫(kù)中entrepreneurs最符合此處語(yǔ)境。10、【C10】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：O知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句子主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)完整，故空格應(yīng)為副詞作狀語(yǔ)。本段描述各公共圖書(shū)館提供的數(shù)字化服務(wù)，最后一句對(duì)全段內(nèi)容做了小結(jié)。averagely符合句意，表明美國(guó)的公共圖書(shū)館“平均”每天提供一項(xiàng)此類(lèi)服務(wù)。AmericansEugeneFama,LarsPeterHansenandRobertShillerwontheNobelPrizeforeconomicsonMondayfordevelopingmethodstostudytrendsinstock,bondandhousingmarkets.TheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciencessaidthatthroughtheirresearch,thethreehadlaidthe【C1】______ofthecurrentunderstandingofassetpricesandchangedthewaypeopleinvest.Whileit's【C2】______whetherstockorbondpriceswillgoupordownintheshortterm,it'spossibletoforesee【C3】______overperiodsofthreeyearsorlonger,theacademysaid."Thesefindings,whichmightseemsurprisingandcontradictory,were【C4】______madeandanalyzedbythisyear'sprizewinners,"theacademysaid.Fama,74,andHansen,60,are【C5】______withtheUniversityofChicago.Shiller,67,isaprofessoratYaleUniversity.Startinginthe1960s,Famaandothersshowedhowdifficultitistopredictindividualstockpricesintheshortrun.Hisfindings【C6】______thepracticeofinvesting,leadingtotheemergenceofindexfunds.Twodecadeslater,Shillershowedthatthereismorepredictabilityinthelongruninstockandbondmarkets,whileHansendevelopeda【C7】______methodtotesttheoriesofassetpricing."Thesearethree【C8】______differentkindsofpeopleandthethingthatunitesthemallisassetpricing,"saysDavidWarsh,whotracksacademiceconomistsonhisEconomicPrincipalsblog.TheeconomicsawardisnotaNobelPrizeinthesamesenseasthemedicine,chemistry,physics,literatureandpeaceprizes,whichwere【C9】______bySwedishindustrialistAlfredNobelin1895.Sweden'scentralbankaddedtheeconomicsprizein1968asa【C10】______toNobel.A)unpredictableB)foundationC)supplementaryD)utterlyE)fellowshipF)movementsG)illuminatesH)memorialI)inauguratedJ)separatelyK)createdL)statisticalM)associatedN)cooperativelyO)revolutionized11、【C1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格在the和of之間，應(yīng)為名詞，且能與hadlaid搭配。名詞庫(kù)中foundation符合句意，指出三位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的研究為當(dāng)前資產(chǎn)價(jià)格的判斷“奠定了基礎(chǔ)”，同時(shí)改變?nèi)藗兺顿Y方式。12、【C2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格作句子表語(yǔ)，可為名詞、分詞或形容詞。while提示前后分句語(yǔ)義存在轉(zhuǎn)折，后一分句說(shuō)“有可能預(yù)測(cè)”，可知前一分句應(yīng)該說(shuō)無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)，故選用unpredictable。13、【C3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格作foresee的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)為名詞。本句主要講短期股價(jià)升跌無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)，而在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)期內(nèi)可以預(yù)測(cè)。填入空格的詞應(yīng)能表達(dá)goupordown的意思，故選用movements“動(dòng)向”。14、【C4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格應(yīng)填入副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞made。由下文可知，這幾位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家不存在合作關(guān)系，他們是獨(dú)立做研究的，因此選separately。15、【C5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前的are表明此處應(yīng)填入名詞、分詞或形容詞。本段開(kāi)頭兩句介紹了獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叩墓ぷ鲉挝弧ssociated符合句意，beassociatedwiththeUniversityofChicago意為“來(lái)自芝加哥大學(xué)”。16、【C6】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：O知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格填入動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，作句子謂語(yǔ)。該句子是講“他的研究……投資習(xí)慣，導(dǎo)致指數(shù)基金出現(xiàn)”。revolutionized“使徹底變革；使完全不同”符合上下文語(yǔ)義，表明他對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)。17、【C7】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格可能是名詞、形容詞或分詞，用于修飾method。句中提到，Hansen研究出用以檢驗(yàn)資產(chǎn)價(jià)格理論的方法。由此推測(cè)，這種方法應(yīng)該具備實(shí)用性和可操作性。statistical符合句意，statisticalmethod意為“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法”。18、【C8】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句子主系表語(yǔ)齊全，空格應(yīng)為副詞。根據(jù)句意“這是三位……不同的人，他們因資產(chǎn)定價(jià)走到了一起”，可推斷空格處應(yīng)表達(dá)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咴谄渌矫娌町惡艽?，utterly“完全”符合句意。19、【C9】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：were…by提示空格應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)、化學(xué)、物理等獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，是由諾貝爾“創(chuàng)立”的，created符合句意。20、【C10】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：a提示空格應(yīng)為單數(shù)名詞。該句子是講“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)在1968年由瑞典中央銀行設(shè)立，用以……諾貝爾”，memorial“紀(jì)念物”符合上下文語(yǔ)義。AstudyconductedbyanAustralianscienceagencyhasdiscoveredsignsthatthecountry'sancientAboriginesmayhavebeentheworld'sfirstastronomers,【C1】______Stonehenge(巨石陣)inBritainbymorethanathousandyears.ProfessorRayNorris,oftheCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganization(CSIRO),said【C2】______knowledgeofthestarsthroughsongsandstorieshadbeenpasseddownthroughgenerationsbytheAboriginalpeople,whosehistorydatesbacktensofthousandsofyears."Weknowtherearemanystoriesaboutthesky:songs,legends,mythstomarkouttheseasons,sotheyarevery【C3】______Norrissaid."People【C4】______changedsettlement,sowhenPleiades(theSevenSistersstar【C5】______)wasuptheywouldmovetowherethenutsandberriesare.Anothersignanditwouldbetimetomovetotheriverstofishforbarramundi,andsoon."Norris,whohasstudiedAboriginalculture【C6】______andhasmadeseveraljourneystoArnhemLandinAustralia'sOutback,saidtheresearchalso【C7】______moredetailedastronomicalthought."Clearlysomethinkerinthepasthasbeensittingdowninthebush,watchingthe【C8】______andtryingtofigureouthowitworks,"hesaid."Thosethoughtsarethenencodedinthesongsandceremonies."Norrisisnowlookingfor【C9】______thatmightdatetheearliestsignsofAboriginalastronomy,suchasastonecarvingofameteorstrikeorcomet.NorrisisconfidentthattheAboriginespre-datedEuropeanastronomers,includingStonehengeandEgypt'sgreatpyramidGiza,bothofwhichare【C10】______ataround3100BC."We'veestablishedthereisallthisastronomy,whatIdon'tknowishowfarbackthisgoes.Ifitgoesback10,000or20,000years,thatmakesAboriginestheworld'sfirstastronomers,"hesaid.A)detailedB)boostedC)eclipseD)vigorousE)practicalF)evidenceG)revealedH)estimatedI)regularlyJ)routineK)clusterL)precedingM)extensivelyN)rectifyingO)respectively21、【C1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格所在部分意為“比英國(guó)的巨石陣要……一千多年”，給合前面的theworld’sfirst，可推斷填入空格的詞應(yīng)含“早于，先于”之義。詞庫(kù)中現(xiàn)在分詞preceding“先于……發(fā)生”符合句法和句意，preceding…years在句中作狀語(yǔ)。22、【C2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格處需要一個(gè)名詞、形容詞或分詞修飾knowledge，詞庫(kù)中的形容詞detailed最符合上下文的意思，表示“詳細(xì)的星象知識(shí)”。由于本段沒(méi)有提及土著人的星象學(xué)怎么有用，因此practical不如detailed合適。23、【C3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格在theyarevery之后，應(yīng)為形容詞或分詞?？崭袂暗倪B詞so表明此部分內(nèi)容與前一分句存在因果關(guān)系。前面說(shuō)到土著有許多描繪季節(jié)如何更替的歌謠、傳說(shuō)和神話(huà)，可見(jiàn)這些故事都很“實(shí)用”，故此處應(yīng)選practical。24、【C4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間，應(yīng)為副詞。根據(jù)so分句提到的“他們會(huì)遷移到有堅(jiān)果和漿果的地方”可知，土著人會(huì)隨季節(jié)變換遷移居所，regularly能體現(xiàn)遷移的規(guī)律性，符合文中語(yǔ)境。25、【C5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：theSevenSistersstar…是對(duì)Pleiades的進(jìn)一步解說(shuō)?？崭裼锌赡苁欠衷~或形容詞作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞star；也有可能是名詞，star作其定語(yǔ)。詞庫(kù)中，名詞cluster可以與star搭配，意為“星團(tuán)”，符合句子語(yǔ)境。26、【C6】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格所在的定語(yǔ)從句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)，因此空格最有可能填入副詞。Norris是研究土著文化的專(zhuān)家，extensively最切文意，表示Norris“大量、深入”地研究過(guò)土著文化。regularly填入句中，句法雖正確但不足以說(shuō)明Norris在這方面的權(quán)威，故排除。27、【C7】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從句theresearch…astronomicalthought缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)主句謂語(yǔ)said判斷該動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為過(guò)去式。此處應(yīng)選用revealed，表示“研究揭示了土著人對(duì)于天文學(xué)的更多想法”。28、【C8】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：承接上一句，本句的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該也與“天文”有關(guān)。根據(jù)空格后的“努力弄明白它是怎么運(yùn)行的”，可推知填入空格的名詞可能是某個(gè)天文現(xiàn)象。eclipse“日食，月食”為本題答案。29、【C9】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：for提示空格處應(yīng)填入名詞。根據(jù)后面內(nèi)容“可以追溯土著天文學(xué)的最早標(biāo)記，比如記錄流星撞擊或彗星的石刻”，可知Norris正在尋找的是證據(jù)，evidence符合句意。30、【C10】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：around3100BC提示空格所在從句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明巨石陣和吉薩金字塔的年代，但對(duì)于它們的建造年代并沒(méi)有確切的記錄，只能推測(cè)，estimated符合句意，與系動(dòng)詞are構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、仔細(xì)閱讀(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)AtayouthcentreinsouthLondon,wherestaffandvolunteersrunadailyafter-schoolhomeworkclub,youngpeopleturnofftheirphonesandfocusontheirstudiesinasafe,supportiveandfunenvironment.Likemanyyouthorganisationsnationwide,thecentreprovidesaspaceforyoungpeopletodopositivethingstogether,outsideofschoolandfamily.Stafftellusthattheyoungpeopletheyworkwithareasinterestedinthestateoftheworldasanyofus,buttheireverydayconcernstendtobemorepractical:doingwellatschool,gettingajoboraplaceatuniversity.Thereisaclearlinkbetweenthekindofsocietyweaspiretobeandthechancesweoffertoournextgenerationofvoters,citizens,employeesandparents.LondonmayorSadiqKhanhassaidthatweneedtofocuson"prioritisingplacesandspaceswherepeoplecancometogetherincommunities".Thisfeelslikeawelcomeendorsementoftheroleoflocalyouthorganisationsandyouthwork.Alongsidethispositivity,however,reportsshowtheprofoundreductioninservicesforyoungpeopleresultingfromfundingcuts.Withhugepressuresonalllocalauthoritybudgets,thesecutswon'tbereversed.Sohowdowesustainablyfundyouthwork?Therearenoeasyanswersbutthereareareasweneedtoprioritise:First,lesstargeting.Thefocusonfunding"targeted"work—whileimportant—hasreducedthecapacityofsomeorganisationstodeliveropenaccessorpreventativeservices.TheYouthInvestmentFund,withitsexplicitfocusonservicesthatareopentoallyoungpeople,isawelcomestart—morefundingneedstogothisway.Second,moreefficientspending.In2016,theEducationalExcellenceEverywherewhitepaperannouncedplanstofundsomeschoolstoextendtheirprovisionofaccessactivitiesandprogrammesthatwouldhelpyoungpeopledevelopskillsemployersvalue.Insteadoffundingschools,however,thismighthavebeenbetterachievedbyfundingexistingyouthorganisationstoworkinpartnershipwithschools.Third,bettercollaboration.Asfundingsourcesbecomeeverscarcer,organisationsworkingwithyoungpeoplemaybetemptedtocompeteandpresenttheirofferingsasunique.Weneedtorecognisethatyoungpeoplehavediverseneeds,andthattheywanttochooseandshapeservicesthemselves.Somenewmodelsofcapacitysupportareemergingthroughco-ops,mutualsorvoluntarysector-ledfoundations.Theseinitiatives—andthenewinvestmentstheymightencourage—arewelcome.Therearereasonsforoptimism,andencouragingsignsthatyouthworkisvaluedandpeoplewanttosupportit.Itisstillnotclearthatfundingwillfollowtherhetoric,however.Ifitreallyisimportanttogiveyoungpeopletheopportunitytolead,shapeandstrengthenourcommunities,thenlet'sstoptalkingaboutitandinvestinit.1、Accordingtothestaffoftheyouthcentre,youngpeople________.A、feelreluctanttoturnoffelectronicdevicesB、tendtodopositivethingstogetherafterschoolC、arequitecuriousabouttheworldaroundthemD、maybemorepracticalthantheirseniors標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干中的thestaffoftheyouthcentre定位至第二段第二句。細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，青少年中心的工作人員說(shuō)，青少年都很關(guān)注這個(gè)世界的狀況，只是關(guān)注的內(nèi)容可能比成年人更加實(shí)際，可見(jiàn)他們對(duì)自己周?chē)氖澜绾芎闷?，故答案為C)。2、Whatistheresponseofthegovernmenttoyouthwork?A、Affirmingitinattitude.B、Financiallyassistingit.C、Protectingitonpolicy.D、Legallysupportingit.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干中的government和youthwork定位至第三段最后兩句。細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，倫敦市長(zhǎng)薩迪克.卡恩曾經(jīng)說(shuō)，我們應(yīng)該“優(yōu)先考慮人們可以在社區(qū)內(nèi)聚集的地方和空間”。這似乎是對(duì)地方青少年組織和其工作表示了歡迎和認(rèn)可，故答案為A)。3、WhatcanwelearnabouttheEducationalExcellenceEverywhere?A、Itisaspecializedfundtosubsidizeschools.B、Itincludesplanstoextendyouthactivities.C、Itaimsatdevelopingtheyouth’sworkingskills.D、Itmayturntodirectlyfundyouthorganisations.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干中的theEducationalExcellenceEverywhere定位至第六段第二句。推理判斷題。定位句指出，卓越教育普惠白皮書(shū)發(fā)布計(jì)劃，將資助一些學(xué)校擴(kuò)展活動(dòng)與項(xiàng)目，幫助青年人發(fā)展雇主重視的能力，故答案為C)。4、Accordingtotheauthor,theproperwayofbettercollaborationis________.A、toestablishacompetitivemechanismB、tofullydisplaythefeaturesoftheworkC、togetyoungpeopledeeplyinvolvedD、topromotecooperationofallparties標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干中的bettercollaboration定位至第七段。細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。雖然定位段提及資金籌措難度加大，各青少年組織之間著眼于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的狀況，但是作者在隨后也提倡各個(gè)組織通過(guò)加強(qiáng)合作來(lái)吸引新的投資，故答案為D)。5、Aboutyouthwork,whatsuggestiondoestheauthormakeattheendofthepassage?A、Weshouldbemoreoptimisticaboutthefuture.B、Weshouldgivetheyouthmorechancestoparticipate.C、Weshouldadequatelyrecogniseitssignificance.D、Weshouldprovidemorefinancialsupportforit.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干中的attheendofthepassage定位至最后一段。推理判斷題。由定位段可知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)盡管我們應(yīng)該對(duì)青少年工作的未來(lái)感到樂(lè)觀，但只是空談是不會(huì)有資金的，他號(hào)召大家停止空談，進(jìn)行投資?？梢?jiàn)作者在文末提出的建議就是我們應(yīng)該對(duì)這項(xiàng)工作給予更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)支持，故答案為D)。Citiesaregettingsmarter,embeddedwithmoreInternet-connecteddevicesthataregeneratingdatainunbelievablevolumes.Yetincreasingconnectivityalsomeansincreasingcomplexity—andsometimes,thatmeanshighervulnerability.Deeperconnectivitymeansthefailureofonesystemcancascade(像瀑布般大量?jī)A瀉下來(lái))intothefailureofanother.Havingmoredataaboutthosekindsofinteractionsisbothagoodandbadthing:we'veneverbeenabletoobservethecomplexinnerworkingsofsocietyascloselybutthewaterfallofinformationismorethanwecananalyze,leavingusunabletoseepotentialdangersofournewfoundconnectivity.AresearchofDr.ShadeShutters,ascientistwithArizonaStateUniversity'sGlobalSecurityInitiative,isfocusedaroundthe"wickedproblems"ofresilience(恢復(fù)力)andsustainabilityastheyapplytosocialandurbandevelopment.Askanyonewhostudiesresiliencewhatitmeansandyou'llgetadifferentdefinitionjustabouteverytime.Manydifferentacademicdisciplinesandtheoreticalviewpointsusedifferentdefinitionsfortheword,butShutterssaysthatatafundamentallevel,resilienceis"somethingthatimpliesthelong-termsustainabilityofaparticularstateofasystem."Thechallengewithdesigningcitieswithlong-termsustainabilityinmind?They'vebecomesocomplexthateverypushorpullonthesystemresultsinnewandsurprisingoutcomes.Makingonepartofacitymoreresistanttothreatscanpotentiallymeanweakeninganotherpart.Improvingyourhighwaysystemmeansmorelanesfortraffic,whichcanmeanlessspaceforbuildingsandresidences,andthereforemoresuburbanhomesbeingbuilt,whichcanmeanmoreurbansprawlthataffectsthelocalecosystem.Shutterssaysheexpectsthatinthenextfewyearsa"municipalintelligenceormetropolitanintelligence"fieldwilldevelopasapublic-sideanalogtobusinessintelligence.Thesepositionsdon'tcurrentlyexist,butShuttershypothesizesthatit'sbecausethedatamodelingisn'tadvancedenoughtoprovethebenefitofsuchinvestment.However,anumberofuniversitieshavestartedofferingadvanceddegreesin"UrbanInformatics,"includingNortheasternUniversityandNewYorkUniversity'sCenterforUrbanScienceandProgress(CUSP),whichShuttersthinksisapositivestepforward.Topicscoveredinthesedegreesincludeurbaninformaticsandtechnologies,geographicinformationsystemslabs,andfocusesonurbanmodelingandsimulation.Thenewcohort(一群；同期群組)ofexpertsgraduatingfromtheseprogramswillworkinafieldthatrangesfromurbandesigntocivilengineeringandfromappliedmathematicstostatisticsandpublicpolicy.Peopleinthosepositionswillbeinundated(收到太多而應(yīng)接不暇)withdata,thistimefromthecomplexecosystemsofbusiness,politics,landmanagement,urbanplanning,waterdistributionanddiehundredsofothersystemsthatmakeupacity.But,Shutterssayshehopeshisworkwillhelppreparethemtofilterthesignalsfromthenoiseandmaketheircitiesmoreefficientandmoreresilient.6、Anegativeeffectofacquiringalargeamountofdatamaybe________.A、makingthesocialstructurecomplexB、gettinglostinthedatafloodC、reducingouranalyticabilitiesD、bringinginpotentialthreats標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干中的negativeeffect和data定位至第二段。細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位段首先指出，獲取數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)有雙重效應(yīng)，而后重點(diǎn)解釋了負(fù)面效應(yīng)，洪水般的信息會(huì)超過(guò)人們的分析能力，讓人們無(wú)法看到新的連接可能帶來(lái)的潛在威脅?？梢?jiàn)數(shù)據(jù)過(guò)多的負(fù)面問(wèn)題是會(huì)帶來(lái)潛在威脅，故答案為D)。7、Todesignacitywithresilienceandsustainability,weshould________.A、understandtheaccuratedefinitionofresilienceB、keepinmindtheinteractionsbetweensystemsC、becautiouswhenplanningtobuildhighwaysD、focusmoreontheprotectionoftheecosystem標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干中的designacitywith和sustainability定位至第四段前三句。推理判斷題。第四段第一句是設(shè)問(wèn)句，挈領(lǐng)本段主題。作者在隨后的內(nèi)容中指出，城市設(shè)計(jì)的情況相當(dāng)復(fù)雜，加強(qiáng)城市某個(gè)部分可能就意味著削弱另一部分?？梢?jiàn)考慮城市中各部分的相互關(guān)聯(lián)是秉持可持續(xù)理念的關(guān)鍵，故答案為B)。8、Shuttersimpliesthatmunicipalintelligencemay________.A、boosttheprosperityofbusinessintelligenceB、establishanewmodelofdataprocessingC、acquiremoreattentioninthenearfutureD、achievebetterbenefitfrominvestment標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干中的Shutters和municipalintelligence定位至第五段。推理判斷題。第五段首句指出，夏特斯預(yù)期在未來(lái)幾年內(nèi)，一個(gè)名為“市政智能或都市智能”的領(lǐng)域?qū)l(fā)展為與商務(wù)智能類(lèi)似的公共領(lǐng)域。而隨后一句提到，目前這些地位還不存在，可見(jiàn)他暗示，市政智能這一領(lǐng)域近期將獲得更多關(guān)注，故答案為C)。9、WhatdoesShutterssuggestinthelastparagraph?A、Coursesinthemajorofurbaninformaticsmaybemisleading.B、Themassivedatawillbecomeaburdenwithoutbeingexploited.C、Peoplewillinevitablygettrappedinthemassdataforcitydesign.D、Itisvitaltolearntoselectandoptimizeusefulinformation.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干中的thelastparagraph和各選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容定位至最后一段最后一句。推理判斷題。定位句指出，夏特斯希望他的工作能夠幫助擔(dān)負(fù)城市規(guī)劃任務(wù)的人做好準(zhǔn)備，從海量信息中濾掉雜音，讓他們的城市更加高效、更具恢復(fù)力。可見(jiàn)他認(rèn)為，學(xué)會(huì)挑選和優(yōu)化有用信息至關(guān)重要，故答案為D)。10、hatmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?A、HowCanWeHelpCitiesWithstandShockwithData?B、WhatMayBetheWickedProblemsofSustainability?C、WhenCanMunicipalIntelligenceBeFullyDeveloped?D、WhyShouldUrbanInformaticsBeTaughtinColleges?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：解答本題需綜合各段主要信息。主旨大意題。文章首段指出隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等信息技術(shù)的深入發(fā)展，城市各部分相互關(guān)聯(lián)的程度更高；隨后第二段指出大量數(shù)據(jù)信息可能給城市帶來(lái)潛在威脅；第三至七段圍繞城市可持續(xù)性和恢復(fù)力的理念，進(jìn)行了定義辨析、困難分析，并介紹了目前學(xué)術(shù)界在市政智能這一利用數(shù)據(jù)分析城市設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)發(fā)展情況；最后一段總結(jié)上文，提出了如何利用有效信息來(lái)加強(qiáng)城市的可持續(xù)性和恢復(fù)力。由此可見(jiàn)，文章主要是圍繞利用數(shù)據(jù)幫助城市抵御沖擊和威脅展開(kāi)的，故答案為A)。Manyofusarefearfulofmakingchangesinourworklives—fearisanaturalhumancondition.Wefeellessthreatenedwhenwestickwiththefamiliar.Aslongaswearereceivingapaycheck,wetoleratethedissatisfaction.Bettertojustplayitsafe.Butthesafetynetwepreserverequiresabigtrade-off.Itoftendeniesustheopportunitytoexperienceworkthatmakesushappy,thatisconsistentwithourdesireswhilestillmeetingourmonetaryneeds.Yetmanyofusstrapourselvesintojobsinwhichtheonlyrewardismoney.Webreedcynicismwhenwetreatourworkasnothingmorethanafinancialequation,anecessitywetolerateinordertoacquirefundstolive,withthehopeofsomehowachievingsuccessandhappinessalongtheway.That'sreallytruemostofuswanttobehappy.Wespend80,000hoursofourlivesatwork.Yet,weviewhappinessassomethingtobeachieved"outside"ofwork.WehireourselvesoutonMondaythroughFridayand"live"fortheweekends.Mostofusdidn'tchooseourcareerstofulfillapurposeormission.Onthecontrary,wejustlookedfor"agoodjobwithagoodcompany",reflectingsuchcriteriaaspay,titleandsecurity.Wereasonedthatifwecould"getafootinthedoor"andworkhard,ourcareerswouldgrowovertime,actually,thatourcareersandworkliveswouldjusthappen"byaccident".Becauseofthis,manyofushavecareerstodaythatarejust"accidentswaitingtohappen".Everydaybusinessdecisions,areorganizationplan,anacquisitionbyanothercompany,arelocationoutofthecountry,canthrowourworklivesintodanger.Butdespitethisuncertainty,someofusstillclingtoourjobs,dissatisfyingastheymaybe.Can'ttakethatrisk!"Hangingon"involvesrisktoo.Forwhenwesacrificepleasureforpay,ourworklacksdignity,usesourenergyand,ultimately,breaksourspirit.Anunhappy,unfulfilledworklifecontributestoanunhappy,unfulfilledpersonallife.Happinessinwork,ashappinessinlove,demandsameasureofrisk.AuthorMarshaSimetarsuggeststhatifyou"dowhatyoulove,themoneywillfollow".Certainlythismayseemabitrisky,perhapsidealistic,butitisundoubtedlytruethatpeoplewholovewhattheydofindwaystomakethemostmoney.11、Fromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthat________.A、fearisoneofthefundamentaltraitsinhumancharacterdefectsB、peopletendtokeepstableworktoavoidthefearofchangesC、thepaycheckmakespeoplefeelsafeabouttheirworkD、peoplefeellessfearfulundernaturalconditions標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干中的thefirstparagraph定位至原文第一段。推理判斷題。定位段主要講我們對(duì)工作中的變化感到恐懼，因?yàn)榭謶质侨祟?lèi)的天性。當(dāng)我們對(duì)一件事習(xí)以為常時(shí)，我們的恐懼感也會(huì)隨之減少。只要我們能領(lǐng)取到報(bào)酬，我們就會(huì)容忍對(duì)工作的不滿(mǎn)：還是穩(wěn)當(dāng)些好!由此可推知，人們通過(guò)保持穩(wěn)定的工作來(lái)避免由于變化而產(chǎn)生的恐懼感。因此，B)符合題意，故為答案。12、By"thesafetynetwepreserverequiresabigtrade-off"(Line1,Para.2),theauthormeans_______.A、peopleneedtodobusinesswhenmanagingworkandlifeB、mencanfeelsafewhenreceivingmoneyC、safetymeanssacrificingthebalancebetweenmonetaryneedsandthehappinessofworkD、safetycanbeachievedbymeetingbothourdesiresandmonetaryneeds標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干定位至原文第二段第一句。語(yǔ)義理解題。文中第二段第二句對(duì)第一句進(jìn)行了解釋。此題的難點(diǎn)是第二句為一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句。其中it指代前一句中的thesafetynet；thatmakesushappy與thatisconsistentwithourdesireswhilestillmeetingourmonetaryneeds都用來(lái)修飾work。由此可見(jiàn)，作者的意思是穩(wěn)定使人們犧牲了工作樂(lè)趣和賺錢(qián)這兩者之間的平衡，所以C)符合題意，故為正確答案。13、Accordingtothepassage,whenchangesthrowourworklivesintodanger,wewillusuallyA、expressgreatdissatisfactionwiththejobB、takeanotherworkopportunityC、feeluncertainabouttheriskD、remainintheworkposition標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干中的throwourworklivesintodanger定位到原文第四段最后三句。推理判斷題。定位部分指出每天的商業(yè)決策、人事重組、企業(yè)并購(gòu)、公司遷址都會(huì)使我們的事業(yè)陷入危機(jī)。盡管工作是如此無(wú)常并令人不滿(mǎn)，但許多人仍不能放棄它，因?yàn)槲覀儾荒苊澳莻€(gè)險(xiǎn)!可見(jiàn)，我們還會(huì)留在原先的工作崗位上，故D)為正確答案。14、Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A、peoplestrugglebetweentheidealworkandmonetaryneedsB、peopledonothaveasenseofmissionnowadaysC、happinessandmoneycanbebothachievedduringworkinmostcasesD、thedevelopmentofourcareersisdoomedtohappen標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干及各選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義定位至原文第五段前兩句。推理判斷題。第五段前兩句指出，圖“穩(wěn)當(dāng)”也得冒險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)槿绻覀優(yōu)榱诵剿鵂奚鞓?lè)，我們的工作就缺少了尊嚴(yán)，它將使我們精力衰竭，直到精神崩潰。所以A)符合題意，故為正確答案。15、Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthepassageisto________.A、persuadepeopletochoosecareerswithpurposeB、criticizethephenomenonofworkingformoneyC、elaboratepeople’sattitudestowardsworkandsafetyD、illustratehowtoachievesafetyofworklives標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干中的thepurposeoftheauthor定位至全文。主旨大意題。文章從害怕改變、工作樂(lè)趣和賺錢(qián)三個(gè)角度分析人們對(duì)工作與安全感的態(tài)度，故C)為正確答案。Asix-weekoldinfantwhodiedsome11,500yearsagoincentralAlaskaisnowprovidingcluesabouthowtheAmericasfirstcametobepopulated.Genomicdatafromremainsofthegirl—named"Xach'itee'aanenhT'eedeGaay"(SunriseGirl-Child)bythelocalindigenouscommunity—broadlysupportamigrationmodelthatscientistshavelongarguedfor,whilealsorevealingtheexistenceofanancientpopulationpreviouslyunknowntoscience.Thegirlwasamemberofanancientpopulationthatthereportauthorshavenamed"AncientBeringians."BeringiaisthenamegiventoAlaska,EasternSiberia,andthelandbridgethatperiodicallyconnectedthetwoduringthelasticeage.Thefindingssuggestarevisedfamilytree:asingleancestralNativeAmericangroupsplitfromEastAsiansabout35,000yearsago,beforelatersplitting,some20,000yearsago,intotwodistinctgroups.OnewastheAncientBeringians,andtheotherconstitutedtheancestorsofmodern-dayNativeAmericans,wholatersplitintonorthernandsouthernpopulationsabout15,700yearsago."Tryingtointegratethesefindingswithwhatweknowfromarchaeology(考古學(xué))andpaleoecology(古生態(tài)學(xué))presentsexcitingnewpuzzles,"saysBenPotter,ananthropologist(人類(lèi)學(xué)家)attheUniversityofAlaska."Thepeoplinghasbeenshownnowtobemorecomplexthanwethoughtpreviously."ScientistshavesoughtancienthumanremainsfromBeringiaattheendofthelasticeage,butXach'itee'aanenhT'eedeGaay'sgenomeheldasurprise:itwasclearlyNativeAmerican,butnotfromeitherofthetwomajormodernNativeAmericangroups.Itrepresentedapopulationthatdivergedfromthatcommonancestor.AllofthishelpsnarrowdownandstrengthenthetheoriesofjusthowthosepopulationsarrivedintheAmericas.Butmysteriesremain,includingdefinitiveanswersaboutwhereandwhensomeofthesepopulationsplitsoccurredandwhichmigrationrouteswereused.Researchersoutlinetwopossiblemodels.Inonescenario,whichDr.Potterfavorssinceitmatcheswellwitharchaeologicaldataandpaleoecologicaldata,thesplitoccurredinNortheastAsia,andthetwoseparatepopulationslatercrossedoverthelandbridgepriorto15,700yearsago,whentheNativeAmericanancestorssplitagain.Intheothertheory,theancestralpopulationhadalreadyarrivedinAlaskaoreasternBeringiaby20,000yearsago,andthesplitoccurredthere,withthesecondsplitintoNorthandSouthAmericanpopulationsoccurringsouthoftheicesheets.WhathappenedtotheAncientBeringians?Theymighthavediedout,saysPotter,ortheycouldhavebeenabsorbedbyNorthernNativeAmericanswhomigratedbacktothefarNorth.Researcherslikenthepuzzletoamurdermystery."Youreadthebook,andtheauthorrevealsnewcluesoverthecourseofthebook.Everytimeanewgenomeisanalyzedandreported,itprovidesanewcluethat'smakingthepathwaytouncovertherealstorythatmuchclearer."16、Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlcalled"Xach’itee’aanenhT’eedeGaay"?A、Shewasfounddeadaboutsix-weekoldsome11,500yearsago.B、SheprovidednewcluesforthestudyonthefirstAmericanpopulation.C、She