福建省廈門科技中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期3月月考英語試題

20202021高二（下）科技中學(xué)3月月考第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.SunnyB.RainyC.Cloudy2.Whatdayisittoday?A.December23rd.B.December24th.C.December25th.3.Howwillthemangotowork?A.Bytaxi.B.Bysubway.C.Bybus.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inabookstore.C.Inalibrary.5.WhyisthemanunabletogobackfortheSpringFestival?A.Heneedstostayinhospital.B.Hehastogoabroad.C.Heneedstoworkovertime.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthewomanreporting?A.Amedicalemergency.B.Abreakin.C.Acaraccident.7.Howsoonwillthepolicearrive?A.In5minutes.B.In10minutes.C.In15minutes.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatwasthemandissatisfiedwithabouthistrip?A.Theweather.B.Theviews.C.Theacmodation.9.Whatdidthewomandoforthewinterholiday?A.Shejuststayedathome.B.ShetraveledtoHarbin.C.Shedidaparttimejob.10.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Relatives.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatisthewomandoingprobably?A.Playingavideogame.B.Shoppingonline.C.Watchingaprogram.12.HowlonghasthemanhadhisTV?A.For2years.B.For5years.C.For10years.13.What’sthewoman’sattitudetothe“throwawayculture”?A.Supportive.B.Neutral.C.Opposed.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whydoesthewomanwanttobuyabookshelf?A.Sheaccidentallybroketheoldone.B.Shejustmovedtoanewhome.CSheispreparingabirthdaygift.15.Whatpreventsthewomanfrombuyingthefirstbookshelf?A.Theprice.B.Thecolor.C.Thematerial.16.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodointheend?A.Makethepayment.B.Askherbrother’sopinion.C.Browseinsomeotherstores.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whoputpressureontheparktoissuetheban?A.Theanimalactivistgroups.B.Thegovernmentauthorities.C.Thesympathetictourists.18.Howmanyelephantsarestillwaitingtoberelocated?A.2B.12C.1419.Whatcausedtheelephant’sdeath?A.Disease.B.Illegalhunting.C.Tiredness.20.What’stheeffectofthebanonvisitornumbers?A.Itisstillunknownyet.B.Itwilldecreasethemgreatly.C.Italmosthasnoinfluenceonthem.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThenewLivelyFlipfromthemakersofJitterbug?ThenewLivelyFlipmakesiteasytocall,text,andhelpsyoustaysafeandhealthy.EASYTOUSEAlargescreen,bigbuttonsandlistbasedmenumaketheLivelyFlipaneasywaytostayconnectedtofriendsandfamily.Alonglastingbatteryandpowerfulspeakermakeconversationsloudandclear.Plus,withAmazonAlexayoucanuseyourvoicetomakecalls,writetexts,andmore.EASYTOSTAYSAFEFeelpreparedandprotectedanytime,anywherewithourEmergentResponseService.AndwithEmergentCare,youcanspeaktoalivenurseordoctorrightfromthefortofyourhome.WiththeLivelyFlip,helpisavailablewheneveryouneedit.EASYTOALERTLOVEDONESTheLivelyFlipkeepsallyourlovedonesinformedaboutyourwellbeingwhentheydownloadtheJitterbug?Linkapptotheirsmartphones.Youcanstayactiveandindependentwhiletheyfeelmoreconnectedandreassured(放心的).BuynowandgetaFREECarCharger,a$25value!Toorderorlearnmore,cal1.WhatistheLivelyFlip?A.Aputer. B.Acellphone. C.Acarcharger. D.Anewatch.2.WhatcanyoudowiththeLivelyFlip?A.Keepinformedofyourlove’swellbeing.B.DownloadtheJitterbug?Linkappsforfree.C.Buildalongtermrelationshipwithadoctor.D.Sendmessagesormakecallsbyusingyourvoice.3.WhoistheLivelyFlipprobablyintendedfor?A.Teenagerswhoseekonlinefriendships.B.Nursingworkerswholookafterpatients.C.Sickpeoplewhoarestayinginhospital.D.Elderlypeoplewholivebythemselves【答案】1.B2.D3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了Jitterbug?制造商推出了新款LivelyFlip，這是一款便于打、發(fā)短信，并能幫助使用者保持安全和健康的。文章對(duì)其進(jìn)行了廣告宣傳?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ThenewLivelyFlipmakesiteasytocall,text,andhelpsyoustaysafeandhealthy.(新的LivelyFlip很容易打、發(fā)短信，并幫助你保持安全和健康)”和倒數(shù)第二段第一句“TheLivelyFlipkeepsallyourlovedonesinformedaboutyourwellbeingwhentheydownloadtheJitterbug?Linkapptotheirsmartphones.(當(dāng)Jitterbug?鏈接應(yīng)用程序到他們的智能上后，LivelyFlip可以讓你所有的親人了解你的健康)”可推知，LivelyFlip是一款。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Plus,withAmazonAlexayoucanuseyourvoicetomakecalls,writetexts,andmore.(此外，有了亞馬遜Alexa，你可以用你的聲音打、寫短信等等)”可知，用LivelyFlip可以用自己的聲音發(fā)短信或打。故選D。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Alargescreen,bigbuttonsandlistbasedmenumaketheLivelyFlipaneasywaytostayconnectedtofriendsandfamily.Alonglastingbatteryandpowerfulspeakermakeconversationsloudandclear.Plus,withAmazonAlexayoucanuseyourvoicetomakecalls,writetexts,andmore.(大屏幕、大按鈕和基于列表的菜單使LivelyFlip成為與朋友和家人保持聯(lián)系的簡(jiǎn)單方式。一個(gè)持久的電池和強(qiáng)大的揚(yáng)聲器使對(duì)話響亮而清晰。此外，有了亞馬遜Alexa，你可以用你的聲音打、寫短信等等)”，第三段“Feelpreparedandprotectedanytime,anywherewithourEmergentResponseService.AndwithEmergentCare,youcanspeaktoalivenurseordoctorrightfromthefortofyourhome.WiththeLivelyFlip,helpisavailablewheneveryouneedit.(隨時(shí)隨地使用我們的應(yīng)急響應(yīng)服務(wù)，感受準(zhǔn)備和保護(hù)。有了緊急護(hù)理，你可以在舒適的家中與護(hù)士或醫(yī)生交談。有了LivelyFlip，你隨時(shí)都可以得到幫助)”和第四段“TheLivelyFlipkeepsallyourlovedonesinformedaboutyourwellbeingwhentheydownloadtheJitterbug?Linkapptotheirsmartphones.Youcanstayactiveandindependentwhiletheyfeelmoreconnectedandreassured(放心的).(LivelyFlip讓您所有的親人了解您的健康，當(dāng)他們Jitterbug?鏈接應(yīng)用程序到他們的智能。你可以保持積極和獨(dú)立，而他們會(huì)感到更有聯(lián)系和放心)”可推知，LivelyFlip的目標(biāo)客戶可能是獨(dú)居老人。故選D。BMozartwasagenius,buthestruggledlikeanaveragepersonduringearlytwenties.Hehadtoworktomakeendsmeet.Underpaidandunsatisfiedbyhisaverageperformances,hefeltaburningdesiretodevotemoretimeandenergytohisart.Soafteraperiodofdoubtandthinking,that'sexactlywhathedid.Hequithisjobandbeganwhatturnedouttobethemostcreativeperiodofhislife.EvenifyouneverhopetoreachMozart’slevelofmastery,youmayrelatetohisneedtobreakfreefromconvention(傳統(tǒng)).Maybeyou’vedoneeverythingright—stoodoutatschool,andgotahighpayingjob—butyou’retiredofbeingjustlikeeveryoneelse.Maybeyoulongtoachievesomethingthatisunmistakablyyou.What,then,isholdingyouback?RichKarlgaard,thepublisherofForbesmagazineandauthorofLateBloomers,arguesthatourculture’sobsession(癡迷)withearlyachievementdiscouragesusfromgoingafterwhatwelove.Insteadofhavingvariedinterests,studyingwidely,andtakingourtime—essentials(要素)forselfdiscovery—we’reencouragedtopasstests,beespecialistsrightaway,andpursuesafeandsecurecareers.Asaresult,mostofusendupchoosingprofessionalexcellenceoverpersonalachievement,andoftenweloseourselvesintheprocess.Asyoumoveforward,thereareafewthingstokeepinmind.First,it’snevertoolateto“bee”yourself.Aristotle,forexample,didn’tfullydevotehimselftowritingandphilosophyuntilhewasnearly50.Therearealsobenefitstotakingalong,windingpathtoachievement.Rememberthatageusuallybringswisdom,selfknowledge,andcreativity.Thisisonereasontheaverageageoffoundersofhighgrowthstartupsis45.Ifyouevergetstuck,thinkofJoanne,atalentedandcreativewomanwhobouncedfromjobtojobthroughouthertwenties.Shefeltlikeatotalfailure.Butshetookthatfeelingofhopelessnessandchosetodowhatshe’dalwayswantedtodo:writefantasynovelsforchildren.Asshewouldlaterrecount,“IstoppedpretendingtomyselfthatIwasanythingotherthanwhatIwas.”You’veprobablyheardofher.HerpennameisJ.K.Rowling.Nowgettowork.4.WhatdoestheexampleofMozart(inthefirstparagraph)show?A.Geniusisnothingbutlabor.B.Sufferingmakesamanwise.C.YoushouldsticktowhatinspiresyouD.Youneedtobedifferentfromothers.5.InRichKarlgaard'sopinion,whatpreventspeoplefromgoingafterwhattheylove?A.Desireforearlyachievement.B.Toowidearangeofinterests.C.Awasteoftimeonselfdiscovery.D.Awrongchoiceinprofessions.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphimply?A.Agecanbeanadvantageinone'slife.B.Failureisofgreatvaluetosuccess.C.45istherightageforonetostartbusiness.D.Thepathtoachievementisfullofdifficulties.7.What'sdiemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tosharesuccessstoriesofsomefamouspeople.B.Tostresstheimportanceofprofessionalexcellence.C.Toanalyzethereasonsforfailuretomakeearlyachievements.D.Toencouragepeopletobeethemselveswhatevertheage.【答案】4.C5.A6.A7.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了幾個(gè)名人成功的曲折過程以及他們無論何時(shí)都堅(jiān)持做自己的故事。鼓勵(lì)我們無論在什么年紀(jì)都要堅(jiān)持走自己的路，做自己喜歡的事?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通過文章第一段“Underpaidandunsatisfiedbyhisaverageperformances,hefeltaburningdesiretodevotemoretimeandenergytohisart.Soafteraperiodofdoubtandthinking,that'sexactlywhathedid.Hequithisjobandbeganwhatturnedouttobethemostcreativeperiodofhislife.(報(bào)酬低，對(duì)自己的平均表現(xiàn)不滿意，他強(qiáng)烈地想把更多的時(shí)間和精力投入到自己的藝術(shù)上。所以經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的懷疑和思考，他就是這么做的。他辭掉了工作，開始了他一生中最有創(chuàng)造力的時(shí)期)”可知，莫扎特把更多的時(shí)間和精力投入到自己的藝術(shù)上，才開啟了他一生中最有創(chuàng)造力的時(shí)期。由此推知，通過莫扎特的例子，說明人應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持去做激勵(lì)自己的事情。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章第三段“RichKarlgaard,thepublisherofForbesmagazineandauthorofLateBloomers,arguesthatourculture’sobsessionwithearlyachievementdiscouragesusfromgoingafterwhatwelove.(《福布斯》雜志的出版人、《大器晚成》一書的作者RichKarlgaard認(rèn)為，我們的文化對(duì)早期成就的癡迷，阻礙了我們追求自己喜歡的東西)”可知，渴望早日取得成就阻止了人們追求他們所愛的東西。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】句意猜測(cè)題。通過劃線句上文“First,it’snevertoolateto“bee”yourself.Aristotle,forexample,didn’tfullydevotehimselftowritingandphilosophyuntilhewasnearly50.(首先，“成為”你自己永遠(yuǎn)不嫌晚。例如，亞里士多德直到將近50歲才完全投身于寫作和哲學(xué))”可知，亞里士多德為了成功也經(jīng)歷了許多。以及后文“Rememberthatageusuallybringswisdom,selfknowledge,andcreativity.(記住，閱歷通常帶來智慧、自知之明和創(chuàng)造力)”可推知，劃線句的意思是“走一條漫長(zhǎng)曲折的道路取得成就也有好處”，即年齡在一個(gè)人的生活中可能是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。文章主要講述了幾個(gè)名人成功的曲折過程以及他們無論何時(shí)都堅(jiān)持做自己，沒有迷失自我的故事。由此推知，作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)谌魏文挲g都成為自己。故選D項(xiàng)。CModernmedicine’sabilitytokeepusalivemakesittemptingtothinkhumanevolutionmayhavestopped.ButifwelookattherateofourDNA’sevolution,wecanseethathumanevolutionhasn’tstopped–itmayevenbehappeningfasterthanbefore.EvolutionisagradualchangetotheDNAofaspeciesovermanygenerations.Itcanoccurbynaturalselection,whencertaintraitscreatedbygeneticchangeshelpanorganismsurviveorreproduce.Suchgenesarethusmorelikelytobepassedontothenextgeneration,sotheyincreaseinfrequencyinapopulation.Gradually,thesechangesandtheirassociatedtraitsbeemoremonamongthewholegroup.BylookingatglobalstudiesofourDNA,wecanseeevidencethatnaturalselectionhasrecentlymadechangesandcontinuestodoso.Thoughmodernhealthcaredisruptsakeydrivingforceofevolutionbykeepingsomepeoplealivelonger,incountrieswithoutaccesstogoodhealthcare,populationsarecontinuingtoevolve.Survivorsofinfectiousdiseaseoutbreaksdrivenaturalselectionbygivingtheirgeneticresistancetooffspring.OurDNAshowsevidenceforrecentselectionforresistanceofkillerdiseaseslikeLassafeverandmalaria.Selectioninresponsetomalariaremainsinregionswherethediseaseremainsmon.Humansarealsoadaptingtotheirenvironment.GenechangeallowinghumanstoliveathighaltitudeshavebeemoremoninpopulationsinTibet,Ethiopia,andtheAndes.ThespreadofgeneticchangesinTibetispossiblythefastestevolutionarychangeinhumans,occurringoverthepast3,000years.Thisrapidincreaseinfrequencyofamutatedgenethatincreasesbloodoxygencontentgiveslocalsasurvivaladvantageinhigheraltitudes,resultinginmoresurvivingchildren.Dietisanothersourceforadaptations.Studiesshowthatnaturalselectionfavoringachangeallowingadultstoproducelactase–theenzyme(酶)thatbreaksdownmilksugars–iswhysomegroupsofpeoplecandigestmilk.Over80percentofnorthwestEuropeanscan,butinpartsofEastAsia,wheremilkismuchlessmonlydrunk,aninabilitytodigestlactoseisthenorm.Likehighaltitudeadaptation,selectiontodigestmilkhasevolvedmorethanonceinhumansandmaybethestrongestkindofrecentselection.Yet,despitethesechanges,naturalselectiononlyaffectsabout8percentofourgenome.Butscientistscan’texplainwhysomegenesareevolvingmuchfasterthanothers.WemeasurethespeedofgeneevolutionbyparinghumanDNAwiththatofotherspecies.Onefastevolvinggeneishumanacceleratedregion1(HAR1),whichisneededduringbraindevelopment.ArandomsectionofhumanDNAisonaveragemorethan98percentidenticaltothechimpparator,butHAR1issofastevolvingthatit’sonlyaround85percentsimilar.Thoughscientistscanseethesechangesarehappening–andhowquickly–westilldon’tfullyunderstandwhyfastevolutionhappenstosomegenesbutnotothers.8.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaytheauthoragreewith?A.Evolutionoccursamongseveralpeopleovernight.B.Genesmaychangeandsomearebeneficialtopeople’slives.C.Evolutionisdonewhenthewholepopulationpossessesacertaingene.D.Thechangedgenesleadingtohighersurvivalratesarechosendeliberately.9.Theunderlinedword“disrupts”inparagraph3canbebestreplacedby________.A.explains B.causes C.upsets D.heals10.Theauthorillustrateshumans’ongoingevolutionwiththefollowingexamplesEXCEPTthat__________.A.somepeoplecanresistinfectiousdiseaseslikemalariaB.childreninTibettoleratelivingenvironmentswiththinairC.northwesternEuropeansdigestlactosebetterthanEastAsiansD.thehumangeneHAR1resemblesthatofachimptoalesserextent11.Whichofthefollowingmayserveasthetitle?A.WhatIsNaturalSelection?B.AreHumansStillEvolving?C.WhyWillCertainGenesEvolve?D.HowDoMutatedGenesFunction?【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章作者通過分析研究和例子告訴讀者：人類的進(jìn)化還在進(jìn)行，并沒有停止。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“EvolutionisagradualchangetotheDNAofaspeciesovermanygenerations.Itcanoccurbynaturalselection,whencertaintraitscreatedbygeneticchangeshelpanorganismsurviveorreproduce.Suchgenesarethusmorelikelytobepassedontothenextgeneration,sotheyincreaseinfrequencyinapopulation.Gradually,thesechangesandtheirassociatedtraitsbeemoremonamongthewholegroup.”（進(jìn)化是一個(gè)物種的DNA在許多代中逐漸改變的過程。它可以通過自然選擇發(fā)生，當(dāng)遺傳變化產(chǎn)生的某些特征幫助生物體生存或繁殖時(shí)。這樣的基因更有可能傳遞給下一代，因此它們?cè)诜N群中出現(xiàn)的頻率會(huì)增加。漸漸地，這些變化及其相關(guān)特征在整個(gè)群體中變得更加普遍。）可知，基因可能會(huì)改變，其中一些對(duì)人們的生活有益。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。劃線后提及到“akeydrivingforceofevolution”（進(jìn)化的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)力）在此應(yīng)指代前文提及的“naturalselection”（自然選擇）。根據(jù)常識(shí)，人類通過現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療保健的方式來延長(zhǎng)了一些人的壽命卻也是對(duì)“自然選擇”這一進(jìn)化關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)力的“破壞”。故選C項(xiàng)。10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Survivorsofinfectiousdiseaseoutbreaksdrivenaturalselectionbygivingtheirgeneticresistancetooffspring.OurDNAshowsevidenceforrecentselectionforresistanceofkillerdiseaseslikeLassafeverandmalaria.Selectioninresponsetomalariaremainsinregionswherethediseaseremainsmon.”（傳染病爆發(fā)的幸存者通過將他們的基因抗性傳給后代來推動(dòng)自然選擇。我們的DNA顯示了對(duì)致命疾病如拉沙熱和瘧疾的抗性最近選擇的證據(jù)。在瘧疾仍然普遍的地區(qū)，針對(duì)瘧疾的選擇仍然存在。），文章第四段“Humansarealsoadaptingtotheirenvironment.GenechangeallowinghumanstoliveathighaltitudeshavebeemoremoninpopulationsinTibet,Ethiopia,andtheAndes.ThespreadofgeneticchangesinTibetispossiblythefastestevolutionarychangeinhumans,occurringoverthepast3,000years.Thisrapidincreaseinfrequencyofamutatedgenethatincreasesbloodoxygencontentgiveslocalsasurvivaladvantageinhigheraltitudes,resultinginmoresurvivingchildren.”（人類也在適應(yīng)環(huán)境。在西藏、埃塞俄比亞和安第斯山脈，允許人類生活在高海拔地區(qū)的基因改變已經(jīng)變得越來越普遍。西藏基因變化的傳播可能是人類進(jìn)化中最快的變化，發(fā)生在過去3000年里。這種增加血液含氧量的突變基因頻率的快速增加，使當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽诟吆０蔚貐^(qū)具有生存優(yōu)勢(shì)，從而產(chǎn)生更多存活下來的孩子。）和文章第五段“Dietisanothersourceforadaptations.Studiesshowthatnaturalselectionfavoringachangeallowingadultstoproducelactase–theenzyme(酶)thatbreaksdownmilksugars–iswhysomegroupsofpeoplecandigestmilk.Over80percentofnorthwestEuropeanscan,butinpartsofEastAsia,wheremilkismuchlessmonlydrunk,aninabilitytodigestlactoseisthenorm.Likehighaltitudeadaptation,selectiontodigestmilkhasevolvedmorethanonceinhumansandmaybethestrongestkindofrecentselection.”（飲食是適應(yīng)的另一個(gè)來源。研究表明，自然選擇有利于使成年人產(chǎn)生乳糖酶(一種分解牛奶糖的酶)的變化，這就是為什么某些群體的人能夠消化牛奶。超過80%的西北歐人可以吃到乳糖，但在東亞部分地區(qū)，牛奶飲用的普及率要低得多，無法消化乳糖是常見現(xiàn)象。就像高原適應(yīng)性一樣，消化牛奶的選擇在人類身上已經(jīng)進(jìn)化了不止一次，而且可能是最近最強(qiáng)烈的一種選擇。）可知，抵抗某些傳染病，適應(yīng)環(huán)境以及飲食適應(yīng)都是人類正在進(jìn)化的例子。因此可以依次排除A，B和C。故選D項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Modernmedicine’sabilitytokeepusalivemakesittemptingtothinkhumanevolutionmayhavestopped.ButifwelookattherateofourDNA’sevolution,wecanseethathumanevolutionhasn’tstopped–itmayevenbehappeningfasterthanbefore.”（現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)讓我們存活下來的能力讓我們很容易認(rèn)為人類的進(jìn)化可能已經(jīng)停止了。但如果我們看看我們DNA的進(jìn)化速度，我們可以看到人類的進(jìn)化并沒有停止——甚至可能比以前更快。）可知，作者提出觀點(diǎn)：人類的進(jìn)化并沒有停止。接著作者分別從抵抗傳染病，適應(yīng)環(huán)境以及飲食適應(yīng)等例子來告訴讀者，人類正在進(jìn)化。因此B選項(xiàng)“人類還在進(jìn)化嗎”符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。DWeallexperience“ohcrap”moments.Runningintothepersonyoucanceledadatewith—whileyou’reonanotherdate.Realizingyouhit“replyall”onanemailthatyou’ddoanythingtohaveback.Whateverthesituation,thefirstthingyouprobablydoisfreakout.Everybodydoes.Whilemanyofusthinkthatwe’recoolinacrisis,sciencetellsusthatweseldomare.Atthemomentweneedtobekeenlyawareofoursurroundings,ourattentioncantunnelinonthescariestthinginthescene,leavingusunawareoftheothersights,sounds,andevensmellsaroundus.Armedrobbersgounidentifiedbecausewitnessesrememberlittlemorethantheguns.Ourabilitytorememberthethingswedonoticealsobeespromised;wecanbetoldsomething,andtwosecondslaterwe’llforget.Andwejumptoconclusions.Whenwe’refreakedout,we’reanythingbutatourbest.Thesenormalhumanreactionscanbereversed.Onceyoucalmdown,you’llfacethemostroutinelyignoredchallengeofanycrisissituation—identifyingwhatthecrisisisreallyabout.Wetendtomisdiagnoseproblemsbecausewedon’tpracticeforthem.Dothethinkingaheadoftimesoyoucanjustfindthesolutionwhenit’sshowtime.Thisiswhyflightattendantssuggestyoufindtheclosestexitbeforeyoudepart—soyoudon’thavetogoexitshoppingaftertheplanehascaughtfireorissinkingintoariver.Performinginacrisisisbeingmoreimportantforallofus,fortworeasons.Backinthegoodolddays,thereliabilityofmostanythingweusedordidwasfarlessthanitistoday.Nowthinkaboutwhathappenstoourpreparednessasthepossibilityofsomethingbadhappeningshrinks.Unlesswepracticewhathardlyeverhappens,ourabilitytorespondwhenitdoeshappentendstoslipaway.Reliabilitycankillyou.Also,thesystemsweusetodayaremoreplex.Thereareseldommovingpartsinplainviewthatallowustoseewhenthingsareabouttogowrong.Whenplexsystemslacktransparency(透明度,顯而易見),serioussituationscan“eoutofnowhere.”Weshouldalllearntobreathe,recognizethesituation,andcarryouttheplanthatweweresmartenoughtopreparewellinadvance.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“freakout”mean?A.Beatone’sbest. B.Calmdowngradually.C.Runawayimmediately. D.Panicorbescared.13.Whydoarmedrobbersgounidentified?A.Becausethewitnessesjumptoconclusions.B.Becausethewitnessesfocusontheirscariestthing.C.Becausethewitnessesforgetwhattheyhavebeentold.D.Becausethewitnessesarekeenlyawareofthesurroundings.14.Whyisitmoreimportantforustoperforminacrisistoday?A.Becauseoflessreliabilityandlessplexity.B.Becauseofmorereliabilityandmoreplexity.C.Becauseofworsetransparencyandlesspreparedness.D.Becauseofbettertransparencyandmorepreparedness.15.Whatwouldthepassagesuggestdoingincaseafirebreaksout?A.Takingadeepbreathanddialing119.B.Stayingcoolandignoringthechallenge.C.Calmingdownandrememberingthesituation.D.Performingescapingandrescuingbeforehand.【答案】12.D13.B14.B15.D【解析】【分析】本文為一篇說明文。主要講述了我們?yōu)槭裁丛谖C(jī)中很難冷靜下來以及遇到危機(jī)我們應(yīng)該做什么。【12題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。通過上文的事例Runningintothepersonyoucanceledadatewith—whileyou’reonanotherdate.Realizingyouhit“replyall”onanemailthatyou’ddoanythingtohaveback.(當(dāng)你在另外一個(gè)聚會(huì)時(shí)遇到了你之前取消聚會(huì)的那個(gè)人。意識(shí)到你在一封郵件上點(diǎn)擊了“回復(fù)全部”，你會(huì)不惜一切代價(jià)要回來。)可知，這兩件事都是我們?nèi)松胁幌胗龅降氖?，遇到之后?huì)讓我們很擔(dān)憂和害怕。那么D項(xiàng)Panicorbescared(驚恐或者害怕)滿足詞義。故此題選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三自然段Atthemomentweneedtobekeenlyawareofoursurroundings,ourattentioncantunnelinonthescariestthinginthescene,leavingusunawareoftheothersights,sounds,andevensmellsaroundus.Armedrobbersgounidentifiedbecausewitnessesrememberlittlemorethantheguns.(在我們需要敏銳地意識(shí)到周圍環(huán)境的時(shí)候，我們的注意力可以集中在場(chǎng)景中最可怕的東西上，讓我們不知道周圍的其他景象、聲音甚至氣味。持槍搶劫犯身份不明，因?yàn)槟繐粽咧挥浀脴?通過這兩句話可知，搶劫分子身份不明的原因是因?yàn)樽盍钊撕ε碌臉屪屛覀兒鲆暳酥車钠渌挛?。所以B項(xiàng)Becausethewitnessesfocusontheirscariestthing.(因?yàn)槟繐粽叩膶Ｗ⒘Χ荚谧盍钊撕ε碌氖挛锷?滿足題意。故此題選B。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的performinacrisistoday定位到第四自然段第一句，我們可知原因有兩個(gè)。根據(jù)Backinthegoodolddays,thereliabilityofmostanythingweusedordidwasfarlessthanitistoday.(在過去的美好時(shí)光里，我們使用或做過的大多數(shù)事情的可靠性都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于今天)和Also,thesystemsweusetodayaremoreplex.(而且，我們今天使用的系統(tǒng)更為復(fù)雜)我們可以知道危機(jī)中表現(xiàn)得越來越重要的原因是可靠性和復(fù)雜性。故此題選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三自然段Dothethinkingaheadoftimesoyoucanjustfindthesolutionwhenit’sshowtime.Thisiswhyflightattendantssuggestyoufindtheclosestexitbeforeyoudepart—soyoudon’thavetogoexitshoppingaftertheplanehascaughtfireorissinkingintoariver.(提前思考，這樣你就可以在展示時(shí)間找到解決方案。這就是為什么乘務(wù)員建議你在起飛前找到最近的出口——這樣你就不必在飛機(jī)著火或墜入河里之后尋找出口)以及最后一句話Weshouldalllearntobreathe,recognizethesituation,andcarryouttheplanthatweweresmartenoughtopreparewellinadvance.(我們都應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)呼吸，認(rèn)清形勢(shì)，并執(zhí)行我們足夠聰明的計(jì)劃，提前做好準(zhǔn)備)我們可以推斷出在遇到緊急情況之前，我們就應(yīng)該做好思考，以便找出最好的解決方案。所以遇到火災(zāi)時(shí)，最好就是提前預(yù)想如何逃生和營救。故D項(xiàng)Performingescapingandrescuingbeforehand.(預(yù)先進(jìn)行逃生和營救)滿足推斷。故此題選D。第二節(jié)（共5題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。其中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThingsIWishSomeoneHadToldMeAboutHighSchoolAsateenager,yougetalotofthingsshoutedatyoufromalldifferentdirectionsandit'softenoverwhelming.1.Highschoolisneverlikeitisinthemovies.Asafreshman,everythingissonewandyou'redealingwiththeconstantfeelingofapathyallwhilecaringwaytoomuch.It'sadelicatebalancethatIthinkonlyteenagersaloneeverunderstandfully.___16___Expectchange,butdon'ttrysohardtofantasizeit.2.Makefriendswithyourteachers.Notalloftheteacherswillbefair,oreventolerable,andwhilethatmayinspireyoutowanttotakeyourfirstdignifiedstandagainsttoday'seducationsystem,itwon'tpreventyoufromfailing.___17___Payattentioninclassbecauseno,you'renot"toocoolforschool."3.___18___You'regoingtomeetpeoplewhoaredealingwithallkindsofproblems.Maybeyou'llbetheoneexperiencingthesethings,andinthatcase,whatwouldyouwantyourfriendtodoforyou?Sometimesyouwon'tfeellikebeingthere,maybeyou'llbetootiredtolisten,butit'llbeworthitintheendifyoureallyjustmakeyourselfreliable.4.DonotsinkinselfpityOfcourse,feelingsorryforyourselfisokay,it'sevenhealthy!Butwhenyou'rethepersonwho'salwaysplainingaboutyourselfandyourlifeandquestioningallthebadthingsthathappentoyou,nooneisgoingtowanttotalktoyou.___19___5.Youarebeautiful,intelligent,andworthit.___20___You'resurroundedbyhundredsofotherpeoplewhoareevenbetteratthethingsyouthoughtyouwerebestat.Stopparingyourself.You'renotstupidbecauseyoufailedahistorytest.Youareyourselfandthat'sallyoueverwillbe.A.Respectyourteachers.B.Loweryourexpectations.C.Haveapityonyourfriends.D.Nobodyisgoingtofeelsorryforyou.E.Mostteenagersexperiencelowselfesteem.F.Manyteensoftenshowemotionalmoods.G.Bethekindoffriendyouwouldwant.【答案】16.B17.A18.G19.D20.E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了作為中學(xué)，生最希望別人告訴自己的五件事——高中從來不像電影里那樣；與你的老師交朋友；成為你想要的朋友那樣的人；不要自怨自艾；不要自卑?！?6題詳解】B由本文的小標(biāo)題“Highschoolisneverlikeitisinthemovies.”高中從來不像電影里那樣。以及本段最后一句“Expectchange,butdon'ttrysohardtofantasizeit.”，期待改變，但不要想盡辦法去幻想?？芍cexpectation有關(guān)的只有Bloweryourexpectations.，而expect與名詞expectation是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B?！?7題詳解】A本段的小標(biāo)題是“Makefriendswithyourteachers.”與老師交朋友。以及下文“Payattentioninclass”上課要認(rèn)真聽講，由此可推斷出此處講是關(guān)于如何對(duì)待老師或課堂表現(xiàn)的，即：要尊重老師，故選A。【18題詳解】G由本段內(nèi)容“You'regoingtomeetpeoplewhoaredealingwithallkindsofproblems.Maybeyou'llbetheoneexperiencingthesethings,andinthatcase,whatwouldyouwantyourfriendtodoforyou?Sometimesyouwon'tfeellikebeingthere,maybeyou'llbetootiredtolisten,butit'llbeworthitintheendifyoureallyjustmakeyourselfreliable.”：你會(huì)遇到有各種問題要處理的人，也許你也會(huì)經(jīng)歷那些事。如果是這樣的話你想讓你朋友為你做點(diǎn)什么？有時(shí)你不想呆在那兒，也許你會(huì)累和不想聽，但如果你真的讓自己可靠的話，最終還是值得的。由此可推斷出本段主要是說要站在朋友的角度，成為你想要的朋友那樣的人。故選G?！?9題詳解】D本段的小標(biāo)題“.Donotsinkinselfpity”不要自怨自艾。以及空前一句“nooneisgoingtowanttotalktoyou.”也沒有人會(huì)和你說話，可知，D項(xiàng)nobodyisgoingtofeelsorryforyou.與上一句句式一致，是對(duì)上文的進(jìn)一步說明，故選D。【20題詳解】E根據(jù)本空后內(nèi)容“You'resurroundedbyhundredsofotherpeoplewhoareevenbetteratthethingsyouthoughtyouwerebestat.Stopparingyourself.You'renotstupidbecauseyoufailedahistorytest.Youareyourselfandthat'sallyoueverwillbe.”：你周圍有成百上千的人，他們?cè)谀阏J(rèn)為自己最擅長(zhǎng)的事情上做得更好。別再拿自己作比較了。你不是因?yàn)闅v史考試不及格而愚蠢的。你就是你自己，這就是你永遠(yuǎn)的樣子，可知與別人比較會(huì)讓自己自卑。選項(xiàng)中的lowselfesteem是關(guān)鍵詞。故選E。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。InthetownofWhitesburg,Kentucky,MickPolly,knownasthebikeman,hasbuilthundredsofbicyclesforneedykids.Onedayin2011,a13yearoldboywitha(n)___21___bikewalkedbyMick’shouse.“Iwasworkinginmygarage,andheaskedifIcould___22___it,”saidMick.Theboy___23___hisbike,whichhadabrokenbracket(支架),withMick,whoaskedfriendsonFacebookiftheyhadthe___24___part.Apolicemansawthepostanddonatedtwoused___25___.Micktookpartsfromeachto___26___anewsetofwheelsfortheboy.Soonafter,Mick___27___abikefortheboy’sbrotherandassembled(裝配)oneforhissister.Withintheyear,hehadfixedupdozensofbikesforthe___28___kidswhoseparentscouldn’t___29___tobuynewones.“Peoplewere____30____offusedbikeseveryday,”saidMick,“andItakeoffthe____31_