卓越研究生英語（理工篇）綜合教程1 課件 B1U5 Odyssey beyond earth

UNIT5OdysseybeyondearthAfterstudyingthisunit,youwillbeableto:demonstratetheimpactofspaceexplorationonearthandthechallengesofitsfuturedevelopment;listenforinformationpresentedinchronologicalorder;annotateanacademictexteffectively;writeaprojectproposalforenhancinglifeonearththroughspaceexploration.Spaceexplorationisdrivenbythecontinuousevolutionoftechnology.Thedevelopmentofrockets,alongsideadvancesinelectronicsandothertechnologies,hasenabledourventureintothecosmicwonderlandandsearchtounravelthesecretsoftheuniverse.Theexplorationofspacehasmanyrisksandunknownchallenges,butitalsoyieldsunbelievablediscoveriesthatcaptivateourimaginationandadvanceourunderstandingofourworldand,fundamentally,ofourselves.China’sTiangongspacestation,whichiscurrentlyservinginorbit,isagoodexample.Howdothediscoveriesandachievementsinspaceexplorationdeepenourunderstandingoftheworld,andhowdotheyopenupnewpossibilitiesforourfuture?Whatchallengeslieahead?SettingLeadinginWorkinpairs.Readthedescriptionsoffivegreateventsinthehistoryofspaceexplorationanddiscussthesignificanceofeachevent.HowspaceexplorationisfuelingtheFourthIndustrialRevolutionAvideoaboutChina’slunarexplorationExploringViewingReadingInancienttimes,Chang’eflewtothemoon,andtoday,Chang’eexploresthemoon.Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.1Whatsignificancedoesthename“Chang’e”holdforChina’slunarexplorationproject?2DoyouknowanyotherspaceexplorationprojectsorspacecraftwhosenamesareinspiredbyancientChinesemythologyandlegends?ViewingPre-viewingChineseLunarExplorationProgram,alsoknownastheChang’eProgram,wasfirstlaunchedin2004.Asof2020,whenChang’e-5broughtlunarsamplesbacktoearth,Chinahadcompletedthefirstthreephasesoftheprogram,whichwere“orbiting,landing,andreturning”(orbitingthemoon,soft-landingonthemoon,andreturningwithlunarsamples).Thefourthphaseisinprogressandisexpectedtobecompletedby2030.Thegoalofthefourthphaseistobuildabasicmodelofaninternationallunarscientificresearchstation.ChineseLunarExplorationProgramViewingBackgroundinformationPre-viewingWatchthevideoandcompletethefollowingexercises.ViewingAnalyticalviewingscriptOn2)______________,aLongMarchcarrierrocketbroughtChang’e-2totheearth-moontransferorbit.OnOctober24,2007,China’sfirstlunarorbiter,Chang’e-1,waslaunched.Chinaembarkedonits1)_______________________.CompletethetimelineoftheChang’emissionswithinformationfromthevideo.YoucanrefertotheAcademiclisteningskill.ViewingAnalyticalviewingfirstjourneytothemoonOctober1,2010ViewingandunderstandingOnDecember8,2018,aLongMarch-3BrocketcarriedtheChang’e-4probetospace,andmadethefirst-ever4)______________onthefarsideofthemooninhumanhistory.CompletethetimelineoftheChang’emissionswithinformationfromthevideo.YoucanrefertotheAcademiclisteningskill.ViewingAnalyticalviewingsoftlandingViewingandunderstandingOn5)_________________,theChang’e-5returnercarryinglunarsamplessafelylandedatthedesignatedlandingarea.December17,2020On3)________________,theChang’e-3lunarprobecarryingChina’sfirstmoonroverYutuwaslaunched.YutuleftChina’sfirstfootprintonthemoon.December2,2013★Watchthevideoclipagainandfillintheblankswithinformationfromthevideo.1)Chang’e-1gotthefirst-everhigh-resolutionimageofthemoon’ssurfaceandcapturedtheimageof__________________________ofthemoon.2)TheresolutionoftheimagetakenbyChang’e-2was_____________thanthattakenbyChang’e-1.3)Yutuenabledhumanstohaveacloselookattherealfaceofthemoonandprovided________________________forfutureresearch.4)In2009,Chinamadethefeasibilityassessmentforitsthird-phaselunarexplorationprogram,_________________,whichwastheworld’sfirstunmannedspacecraftto_______________________fromthemoon.ViewingAnalyticalviewingboththenorthandsouthpoles17timeshigherViewingandunderstandingaccuratefirst-handmaterialstheChang’e-5missioncollectandreturnsamplesChina’sChang’emissionshavesignificantlyadvanceditslunarexplorationefforts.IfChinaNationalSpaceAdministration(CNSA)weretocarryoutfurtherexplorationonthemooninthefuture,whattasksdoyouthinkcouldbeaccomplishedthere,andwhy?Workingroupsandshareyourideas.ViewingAnalyticalviewingThinkingbeyondUnderstandingthesequenceofevents,steps,ordevelopmentsastheyunfoldovertimeiscrucialincomprehendinginformationpresentedduringlecturesordiscussions.Listeningforchronologicalorderenhancesyourabilitytofollowandcomprehendthetemporalorganizationofcontent.Thisskillnotonlyfacilitatesadeeperunderstandingofcomplextopics,butalsohelpssynthesizeandretaininformation.Toimproveyourlisteningskill,consideremployingthefollowingstrategies:ListeningforchronologicalorderViewingAnalyticalviewingPayattentiontotemporalcuesToidentifytheorderinwhichevents,ideas,orexamplesarepresented,youcanlistenfornumericalorsequentialindicatorslikedates,years,steps,oraclearprogressionfrompasttopresent.Discoursemarkersoftimesuchasfirst,next,then,finally,after,before,orduringcanhelpidentifytransitionsbetweendifferentstagesortimeperiods.Inthevideo,forexample,youcanfollowthechronologicalprogressionofChina’slunarexplorationthroughthesequenceoftheChang’emissions.ViewingAnalyticalviewingListeningforchronologicalorderRecognizecause-and-effectrelationshipsUnderstandhoweventsoractionsleadtosubsequentoutcomes.Byidentifyingcausalconnections,youcanbettergraspthechronologicalflowofinformation.ConsidercontextualcluesTakenoteofcontextualinformationprovidedbythespeaker,includinghistoricalreferences,timelines,orreferencestoearlierorlateroccurrences.Thiscanhelpyouvisualizetheprogressionofeventsorideasandunderstandhowtheyrelatetoeachotherovertime.ViewingAnalyticalviewingListeningforchronologicalorderCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsandphrasesbelow.aerospaceproberetrieveblastoffkickoffScientistsareusingadvancedtechnologytocontrolthetrajectoryofthe__________duringitslunarexploration.Thecountdownreachedzero,andtherocketcarryingcriticalsuppliestothespacestation__________,ascendingthroughtheatmosphereandleavingatrailoffire.Theabilityto__________andanalyzedatafromspacetelescopeshasrevolutionizedourunderstandingoftheuniverseanditsorigins.Advancementsin__________materialshaveledtolighter,strongerspacecraftcapableofresistingtheintenseconditionsofspacetravel.Theaerospaceindustryisaboutto__________aground-breakinginitiativetoinspirethenextgenerationofengineersandinnovators.probeblastedoffretrieveViewingLanguagefocusWordsandphrasesaerospacekickoffReadingPre-readingWorkinpairsanddiscussthequestions.1Whatdoyouknowaboutthefourindustrialrevolutions?TheFirstIndustrialRevolutionTheSecondIndustrialRevolution,ortheTechnologicalRevolutionTheThirdIndustrialRevolution,ortheDigitalRevolutionTheFourthIndustrialRevolution2Whataretheimpactsofeachindustrialrevolutionontheworld?ReadingPre-readingTheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(alsocalledJWSTorWebb)isalargeinfraredtelescopethatwasnamedafterJamesWebb,theadministratorofNASAduringtheApolloprogram.Ithasaprimarymirror6.5metersindiameter.WebbwaslaunchedfromESA’sspaceportinFrenchGuianaonDecember25,2021.Itstudieseveryphaseinthehistoryofouruniverse,rangingfromthefirstluminousglowsaftertheBigBang,totheevolutionofplanetarysystems,includingourownsolarsystem,tothepossibilityoflifeonotherplanetarysystems.1JamesWebbSpaceTelescopePre-readingReadingBackgroundinformationAsatelliteconstellationisagroupofsatellitesthatworktogetherasasystem.Thesesatellitescommunicatewithgroundstationslocatedworldwideandareofteninterconnected.Designedtocomplementeachother,theyfunctionasacohesiveunit.Bothexistingandnewsatelliteconstellationsservevariouspurposes,includingtheInternetofThings,telecommunications,navigation,weathermonitoring,andearthandspaceobservation,tonameafew.2SatelliteconstellationPre-readingReadingBackgroundinformationInclusiveprosperityistheconceptthatindividualsfromdiversebackgroundscanbenefitfromeconomicgrowth,newtechnologies,andtheadvantagesofglobalization.Achievinginclusiveprosperityrequiresprovidingeveryonewithaccesstoqualityeducationandskillstrainingopportunities.3InclusiveprosperityPre-readingReadingBackgroundinformationThesediscoveriesonlyscratchthesurfaceofwhatwillcomefromthetelescope,thankstodecadesofinvestmentandcontinuousadvancementsinscience,whicharethebackboneofthisunprecedenteddiscovery.(Para.1)Meaning:Thesefindingsjustrepresentonlyasmallfractionofwhatthetelescopewillreveal,thankstoyearsoffundingandongoingprogressinscience,whichformthefoundationofthisremarkablediscovery.scratchthesurfacedealwithonlyaverysmallpartofasubjectoraproblem僅觸及問題的表面Currentresearchonblackholeshasonlyscratchedthesurface,leavingmanyfundamentalquestionsabouttheirnatureunanswered.LanguagepointsReadingThesediscoveriesonlyscratchthesurfaceofwhatwillcomefromthetelescope,thankstodecadesofinvestmentandcontinuousadvancementsinscience,whicharethebackboneofthisunprecedenteddiscovery.(Para.1)Notes這句話的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是Thesediscoveriesonlyscratchthesurfaceofwhatwillcomefromthetelescope，其中whatwillcomefromthetelescope是介詞賓語，表示這些發(fā)現(xiàn)只是望遠(yuǎn)鏡未來成果的冰山一角。接下來的介詞短語thankstodecadesofinvestmentandcontinuousadvancementsinscience用來說明原因，解釋為什么這些發(fā)現(xiàn)只是冰山一角。最后一個(gè)部分是非限制性定語從句whicharethebackboneofthisunprecedenteddiscovery，修飾前面的decadesofinvestmentandcontinuousadvancementsinscience，進(jìn)一步說明這些投資和科學(xué)進(jìn)步是這一前所未有的發(fā)現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)。LanguagepointsReading2.BeyondtheWebbTelescope,furtherdiscoveriesinspacearerapidlyaccelerating,creatinganexcitingnewparadigmforspacethatincludesnewplayers,trends,opportunities,andchallenges,allproppedupbytheconvergenceofadvancedtechnologiesthatareapartoftheongoing,broaderFourthIndustrialRevolution(4IR).(Para.2)Meaning:BeyondtheWebbTelescope,newbreakthroughsinspacearerapidlyunfolding,markingthebeginningofanexcitingnewphaseforspaceexploration.Thisphaseincludesnewparticipants,trends,opportunities,andchallenges,alldrivenbythemergingofadvancedtechnologiesthatarepartofthebroader,ongoingFourthIndustrialRevolution(4IR).LanguagepointsReading2.BeyondtheWebbTelescope,furtherdiscoveriesinspacearerapidlyaccelerating,creatinganexcitingnewparadigmforspacethatincludesnewplayers,trends,opportunities,andchallenges,allproppedupbytheconvergenceofadvancedtechnologiesthatareapartoftheongoing,broaderFourthIndustrialRevolution(4IR).(Para.2)paradigmn.[C]

(fml.)aparticularwayofdoingsth.orthinkingaboutsth.,whichisgenerallyacceptedorcopied（被普遍接受或模仿的）做事方法，思維方式Theinventionofthetelephonebroughtaboutaparadigmshiftincommunicationfromwrittenletterstoinstantconversations.prop(sth.)upsupportsth.orhelpsth.tosurvive支撐；維持Thegovernmentmadeeffortstopropuptheculturalheritagesitebypromotingconservationprograms.LanguagepointsReading2.BeyondtheWebbTelescope,furtherdiscoveriesinspacearerapidlyaccelerating,creatinganexcitingnewparadigmforspacethatincludesnewplayers,trends,opportunities,andchallenges,allproppedupbytheconvergenceofadvancedtechnologiesthatareapartoftheongoing,broaderFourthIndustrialRevolution(4IR).(Para.2)convergencen.[C,U]thefactthattwoormorethings,ideas,etc.becomesimilarorcometogether（觀點(diǎn)等）趨于一致，趨同；會(huì)合；聚集Theconvergenceoftechnologyandhealthcarehasledtothedevelopmentofinnovativemedicaldevicestoimprovepatientcare.譯文：除了韋布望遠(yuǎn)鏡，太空中的進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn)正在迅猛發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)令人興奮的太空新范式，包括新參與者、新趨勢、新機(jī)遇和新挑戰(zhàn)，這一切都得益于正在進(jìn)行的、更廣泛的第四次工業(yè)革命中先進(jìn)技術(shù)的融合。LanguagepointsReading3.Goingforward,companiesandgovernmentsareexploringhow3Dprintinginorbitcantakeadvantageofthemicrogravityinspacetoprintfiberopticcables,tools,andconstructionmaterialsinnew,moreeffectiveways.(Para.4)Meaning:Lookingahead,companiesandgovernmentsareinvestigatinghow3Dprintinginmicrogravitycanmoreeffectivelyproducefiberopticcables,tools,andconstructionmaterialsinspace.goingforwardused,esp.inbusiness,tomean“inthefuture”（尤指在商務(wù)活動(dòng)中）未來Giventhechangingconsumerpreferences,goingforwardthesalespersonsareplanningtotailortheirapproachtotheevolvingdemands.LanguagepointsReading3.Goingforward,companiesandgovernmentsareexploringhow3Dprintinginorbitcantakeadvantageofthemicrogravityinspacetoprintfiberopticcables,tools,andconstructionmaterialsinnew,moreeffectiveways.(Para.4)takeadvantageofsth./sb.1)makeuseofsth.well;makeuseofanopportunity利用；利用（機(jī)會(huì)）Theyplannedtotakeadvantageoftheholidayweekendtogoonahikingtripinthemountains.2)makeuseofsb./sth.inawaythatisunfairordishonest欺騙；占…的便宜Someprivatespaceventurestakeadvantageoflessknowledgeableinvestorsbyexaggeratingtheirtechnologicalcapabilitiesandpotentialreturns.LanguagepointsReading4.Reusablerocketsarealsobecomingareality,makingtripstothelowerearthorbitmoresustainableandaccessibleforindividualsandforcompaniesinindustriesfrompharmaceuticalstoenergythatmayeventuallyoperatethereastheytakeadvantageofthemicrogravityandotherphysicalcharacteristics.(Para.4)Meaning:Thedevelopmentofreusablerocketsisrevolutionizingspacetravel,makingitmoreaffordableandmorelikelytolastforalongtimeforindividualsandcompanies.Industriessuchaspharmaceuticalsandenergymaysoonoperateinlowerearthorbittoexploitthebenefitsofmicrogravityandotheruniquephysicalconditions.LanguagepointsReading4.Reusablerocketsarealsobecomingareality,makingtripstothelowerearthorbitmoresustainableandaccessibleforindividualsandforcompaniesinindustriesfrompharmaceuticalstoenergythatmayeventuallyoperatethereastheytakeadvantageofthemicrogravityandotherphysicalcharacteristics.(Para.4)sustainablea.1)thatcancontinueorbecontinuedforalongtime可持續(xù)的Thekeytosustainableweightlossisadoptinghealthyeatinghabitsandaregularexerciseroutineratherthanquick-fixdiets.2)involvingtheuseofnaturalproductsandenergyinawaythatdoesnotharmtheenvironment（對(duì)自然資源和能源的利用）不破壞生態(tài)平衡的，合理利用的Thecompany’scommitmenttosustainablepracticesincludesreducingcarbonemissionsandimplementingeco-friendlytechnologies.LanguagepointsReading5.Theincreaseinsmallsatelliteshasledtoahugegrowthinsensorswhichisshepherdingtheentryofnewcompaniesthatleverageremotesensorsinspacetobeabletocaptureimagesandpowertechnologiesonearth.(Para.5)Meaning:Thesurgeinsmallsatelliteshasresultedinasignificantexpansionofsensors,facilitatingtheemergenceofnewcompaniesthatuseremotesensorsinspacetotakeimagesandpowertechnologiesonearth.譯文：小型衛(wèi)星的增加導(dǎo)致傳感器的大量增長，這推動(dòng)了新公司的進(jìn)入。這些公司利用太空中的遠(yuǎn)程傳感器來捕捉圖像并為地球上的技術(shù)提供動(dòng)力。LanguagepointsReading5.Theincreaseinsmallsatelliteshasledtoahugegrowthinsensorswhichisshepherdingtheentryofnewcompaniesthatleverageremotesensorsinspacetobeabletocaptureimagesandpowertechnologiesonearth.(Para.5)shepherdvt.guidesb.oragroupofpeoplesomewhere,makingsuretheygowhereyouwantthemtogo帶領(lǐng)；引；護(hù)送Thecoach’sroleistoshepherdathletesthroughtheirphysicaltrainingandmentalpreparationforcompetitions.n.[C]

apersonwhosejobistotakecareofsheep牧羊人；羊倌Theshepherd’sknowledgeofthesheep’sbehaviorandinstinctsallowedhimtoanticipatetheirneedsandmakeinformeddecisions.LanguagepointsReading5.Theincreaseinsmallsatelliteshasledtoahugegrowthinsensorswhichisshepherdingtheentryofnewcompaniesthatleverageremotesensorsinspacetobeabletocaptureimagesandpowertechnologiesonearth.(Para.5)leveragevt.spreadoruseresources,ideas,etc.againinseveraldifferentwaysorindifferentpartsofacompany,system,etc.充分利用（資源、觀點(diǎn)等）Thecompanyaimstoleverageitsglobalnetworkofpartnerstoexpanditsreachintonewmarkets.n.[U]influencethatyoucanusetomakepeopledowhatyouwant影響Thewayinwhichthemediapresentseventscanexertsignificantleverageonpublicopinions.LanguagepointsReading6.Thesesatelliteconstellationsproduceanenormousamountofdata,whichisleadingtothehugegrowthinthedemandfordatastorageandanalysis,withcompaniesusingAI,especiallymachinelearninganddeeplearning,toconvertdataintointelligencethatpowersarangeofcommercialusesincludingmonitoringfoodsupply,trackinggreenhousegasemissions,andmonitoringenergysupplychains.(Para.5)Meaning:Thesegroupsofsatellitesgenerateavastvolumeofdata,drivingasubstantialincreaseintheneedfordatastorageandanalysis.CompaniesareusingAI,particularlymachinelearninganddeeplearning,toturnthisdataintousefulinformationforvariouscommercialapplications,includingmonitoringfoodsupply,trackinggreenhousegasemissions,andoverseeingenergysupplychains.譯文：這些衛(wèi)星星座產(chǎn)生了大量數(shù)據(jù)，導(dǎo)致對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)和分析的需求大幅增長。公司使用人工智能，尤其是機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和深度學(xué)習(xí)，將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為智能，用于一系列商業(yè)用途，包括監(jiān)控食品供應(yīng)、追蹤溫室氣體排放和監(jiān)控能源供應(yīng)鏈。LanguagepointsReading6.Thesesatelliteconstellationsproduceanenormousamountofdata,whichisleadingtothehugegrowthinthedemandfordatastorageandanalysis,withcompaniesusingAI,especiallymachinelearninganddeeplearning,toconvertdataintointelligencethatpowersarangeofcommercialusesincludingmonitoringfoodsupply,trackinggreenhousegasemissions,andmonitoringenergysupplychains.(Para.5)convert

v.changeormakesth.changefromoneform,purpose,system,etc.toanother（使）轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)化Theartist’sgoalwastoconvertrawemotionsintopowerfulvisualrepresentationsthroughherpaintings.LanguagepointsReading6.Thesesatelliteconstellationsproduceanenormousamountofdata,whichisleadingtothehugegrowthinthedemandfordatastorageandanalysis,withcompaniesusingAI,especiallymachinelearninganddeeplearning,toconvertdataintointelligencethatpowersarangeofcommercialusesincludingmonitoringfoodsupply,trackinggreenhousegasemissions,andmonitoringenergysupplychains.(Para.5)Notes這句話的結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，主句是Thesesatelliteconstellationsproduceanenormousamountofdata。緊接著是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句whichisleadingtothehugegrowthinthedemandfordatastorageandanalysis，修飾前面的主句，解釋大量數(shù)據(jù)所帶來的結(jié)果。隨后的介詞短語withcompaniesusingAI,…andmonitoringenergysupplychainsespeciallymachinelearninganddeeplearning,toconvertdataintointelligence進(jìn)一步說明數(shù)據(jù)增長的背景。LanguagepointsReading7.Thedecreasingcostscoupledwithmorewidespreadtechnologicaladoptionunderpinnedbythe4IRhaveledtoanunprecedentederaofaccessibilityfornewplayersinthespaceindustry,fromstateactorstoprivatecompanies.(Para.6)Meaning:Thecombinationoflowerexpensesandbroaderuseoftechnologysupportedbythe4IRhasledtoanunparallelederaofopportunityfornewcomersinthespaceindustry,includingbothgovernmentalentitiesandprivatecompanies.譯文：隨著成本的降低和第四次工業(yè)革命推動(dòng)下更廣泛的技術(shù)應(yīng)用，航天行業(yè)的新參與者，包括國企和私企，迎來了一個(gè)前所未有的開放時(shí)代。LanguagepointsReading8.Forexample,newlaunchcapabilitiescouldenabletheuseofsolarfactoriesinorbitoronthemoonthatcanbeamsolarenergybacktoearth,along-awaitedgoalhinderedbyhighcosts.(Para.7)Meaning:Forinstance,advancementsinlaunchtechnologycouldmakeitfeasibletousesolarfactoriesinspaceoronthemoonthatcansendsolarenergybacktoearth,achievingalong-desiredgoalthatwaspreviouslytoocostly.long-awaiteda.thatpeoplehavebeenwaitingforalongtime等待（或期待）已久的Thelong-awaitedlaunchofthenewspacetelescopepromisestorevolutionizeourunderstandingoftheuniverse.LanguagepointsReading9.Now,withmorecompanieseitherlookingtomovetheiroperationstospaceortobringmorepeopletospace,thedemandformanufacturinginspaceisincreasingasawaytolimitthetimeandcostittakestotransportmaterialsfromearth.(Para.7)Meaning:Currently,asmorecompaniesconsiderrelocatingtheiroperationstospaceorbringingmorepeopletospace,thereisagrowingneedforin-spacemanufacturingtoreducethetimeandexpensesinvolvedintransportingmaterialsfromearth.belookingtodosth.trytofindwaysofdoingsth.試圖找到做某事的方法Spaceagenciesarelookingtoestablishpermanenthabitatsonthemoontosupportlong-termscientificresearchandexploration.LanguagepointsReading10.Theemergenceoftheprivatespacesectorinothercountriescouldmeanthatcollaborationwillbekeyirrespectiveofanyexistingtensionsorvulnerabilitieswithingovernmentsorgeopoliticalrelationships.(Para.8)Meaning:Theriseoftheprivatespacesectorinvariouscountriessuggeststhatcooperationwillbeessential,regardlessofexistinggovernmentaltensionsorgeopoliticalissues.irrespectivead.(~of)withoutconsidering;notneedingtoallowfor不考慮地；不顧地Thisscholarshipprogramisdesignedtoprovidestudentswiththeopportunitytopursuehighereducationirrespectiveoftheirsocioeconomicbackground.LanguagepointsReading10.Theemergenceoftheprivatespacesectorinothercountriescouldmeanthatcollaborationwillbekeyirrespectiveofanyexistingtensionsorvulnerabilitieswithingovernmentsorgeopoliticalrelationships.(Para.8)Notesregardlessof和withoutrespectto和irrespectiveof意義相近，都可以表示“不論；不考慮；不顧”。例如：ThemissiontoMarswillproceedwithoutrespecttothepoliticalclimateonearth,focusingsolelyonscientificobjectives.Irrespectiveofnationalboundaries,internationalcollaborationinspaceexplorationaimstobenefitallofhumanity.LanguagepointsReading11.Whilecompetitioncandrivebreakthroughsatunprecedentedspeeds,itcansimultaneouslyleadtothedevelopmentandapplicationoftechnologiesunderdifferingmotivationsthatmightnotservethewidestrangeofstakeholdersandsociety.(Para.10)Meaning:Althoughcompetitioncanacceleratebreakthroughsatremarkablespeeds,itcanalsoresultinthedevelopmentanduseoftechnologiesdrivenbydifferentmotives,whichmaynotbenefitthebroadestrangeofstakeholdersandsociety.servevt.beusefultosb.inachievingorsatisfyingsth.對(duì)…有用；能滿足…的需要Theuniversity’sextensivenetworkofonlineresourcesservesthestudentsandfacultybyofferingunparalleledaccesstoacademicmaterialsandresearchtools.LanguagepointsReading12.Rightnow,therearealotoffirst-moveradvantagesassomespaceexplorationandspacetechnologyapplicationsareattheinitialstagesofdevelopment.(Para.12)Meaning:Currently,therearesignificantbenefitsforthosewhoactfirstbecausemanyspaceexplorationandspacetechnologyapplicationsarestillintheirearlydevelopmentstages.Notesfirst-moveradvantage指的是在某個(gè)新市場或新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域中，最早進(jìn)入的公司或個(gè)人能夠獲得的競爭優(yōu)勢。這種優(yōu)勢可能包括品牌認(rèn)知度的建立、市場份額的占領(lǐng)以及對(duì)資源的優(yōu)先獲取等。LanguagepointsReading13.Asethicalandregulatoryframeworkscontinuetobedeveloped,itwillbecriticalthattheprivatesectorisincludedasamainvoiceamongmanystakeholders.(Para.12)Meaning:Asethicalandregulatoryframeworkscontinuetoevolve,itisessentialthattheprivatesectorplaysaprominentroleamongthevariousstakeholders.Notes句中mainvoice指在某個(gè)討論或決策過程中，具有主要影響力或發(fā)言權(quán)的參與者，用來強(qiáng)調(diào)在制定政策或法規(guī)時(shí)，某個(gè)群體或個(gè)人的重要性和影響力。例如：Asnewspaceregulationsaredrafted,thescientificcommunitymustbeincludedasamainvoicetoensurethatresearchneedsareadequatelyaddressed.LanguagepointsReading14.Inclusiveandsustainableprosperitycouldbecomemoreofarealityshouldtheworldovercomethechallengesandseizetheopportunitiesacceleratedbyadvancedspacetechnologies.(Para.13)Meaning:Achievingwidespreadandlong-lastingprosperitycouldbecomearealityiftheworldsuccessfullyaddressesthechallengesandcapitalizesontheopportunitiespresentedbyadvancedspacetechnologies.譯文：如果世界能夠克服挑戰(zhàn)并抓住先進(jìn)太空技術(shù)帶來的機(jī)遇，包容的、可持續(xù)的繁榮將變得更加現(xiàn)實(shí)。LanguagepointsReading14.Inclusiveandsustainableprosperitycouldbecomemoreofarealityshouldtheworldovercomethechallengesandseizetheopportunitiesacceleratedbyadvancedspacetechnologies.(Para.13)Notes1)moreof用來表示某事物在某種程度上變得更加真實(shí)或明顯。在這個(gè)句子中，moreofareality意味著包容性和可持續(xù)的繁榮將變得更加現(xiàn)實(shí)或更有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。例如：Withbetterplanning,theprojectcouldbecomemoreofasuccess.2)這個(gè)句子使用了should倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)（shouldtheworldovercomethechallenges）來強(qiáng)調(diào)假設(shè)條件，表示“如果世界能夠克服這些挑戰(zhàn)”。Should倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)是條件句的一種形式，通常用于正式或書面語中。它省略了條件從句的if，并將should置于句首，從而形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這句話的正常語序相當(dāng)于Iftheworldshouldovercomethechallenges,inclusiveandsustainableprosperitycouldbecomemoreofareality。LanguagepointsReadingWhatarethetrendsinspaceexplorationwiththeongoing4IR?Whatopportunitiesarethusbroughtabout?Completethediagrambasedontheannotationsofthetext.AnalyticalreadingReadingReadingandunderstandingMutuallyreinforcingrelationshipbetweenthe4IRandspaceexploration:Scientificprogressisleadingtoadvancesinspaceexploration.Advancesinspaceexplorationareleadingto1)______________________________.Twokeytrendshavethusemerged:Decreasinglaunchcosts2)____________________________________________increasingcapabilitiesofsmallersatellitesnewtechnologiesandapplicationsAnalyticalreadingReadingReadingand