血液透析并發(fā)癥 英文

匯報人：xxx20xx-03-18血液透析并發(fā)癥英文目錄IntroductiontoHematologyandComplicationsVascularAccessComplicationsCardiovascularComplicationsMetabolicandElectrolyteImbalancesNervousSystemComplications目錄MusculoskeletalComplicationsInfectionComplicationsinHemodalConclusion:ManagingHemodalisComplicationsHolistically01IntroductiontoHematologyandComplicationsHemodalisatreatmentthatusesaspecialfilter,calledadialyzer,toremovewasteproductsandextrafluidfromthebloodHemodalistypicallyrequiredaccesstothebloodstreamthroughasignificantlycreatedvacuumaccess,suchasanarterionovafistulaorgraduateItisavitalprocessforindividualswithkidneyfailure,asithelpstoartificiallyremovetoxinsthatwouldnormallybeincreasedbyhealthykidneysWhatisHemodal?PurposeandImportanceofHematologyinHematologyKnowledgeofphysiologyaidsintheidentificationandmanagementofanimia,amonreplicationinhematologypatientsduetoreducedredbloodcellproductionHematology,thestudyofblood,iscriticalinhematologyasitinvolvesunderstandingthepositionandfunctionofbloodcellsMonitoringbloodcellcountsandfunctionhelpstoensureeffectivedialysistreatmentsandpreventfurtherplicationsVascularaccesspilations:Thesecanincludeclosing,infection,andstenosis(narrowing)oftheVascularaccesssiteHypotension(lowbloodpressure):ThiscanoccurduringorafterdialysisduetofluidshiftsandmayrequiremedicalinterventionMusclecrams:AfterbeingusedbyfluidandelectrolyteimbalancesduringdialysisRhythmias(regularheartbeat):CanbetriggeredbyelectrolyteimbalancesorunderlyingheartconditionsAllergicreactions:Somepatientsmayexperiencereactionstothedialysismembraneorheparin(abloodthinnerusedduringdialysis)0102030405TypesofComplicationsAssociatedwithHemodal02VascularAccessComplicationsThrombosisTheformationofabloodclotwithinthevacuumaccesssite,whichcanleadtoocclusionandpreventeffectivehematologyStenosisNarrowingofthebloodvesselattheaccesssite,oftencausedbyscartissueformationorvesselwallthickeningThiscanreducebloodflowandaffectdiagnosisefficiencyRiskfactorsIncludepoorcirculation,hypercoagulablestates,vesseltraumaduringcatalystinsertionorsurgery,andprolongedcatalystuseThrombosisandStenosis要點三InfectiontypesLocalinfectionsattheaccesssite,suchascellulitisorabscesses,andsystemicinfections,suchasbacteriaorsepsis,canoccur0102PreventionmeasuresStrictalkalinetechnologyduringcatalystinsertionandanalysisprocedures,regularsitecareandcleaning,andprompttreatmentofanysignsofinfectionManagementstrategiesMayincludeantimicrobialtherapy,catalystremovalorreplacement,andsurgicalinterventioninmultiplecases03InfectionRisksandManagementAneurysmformation01Weakeninganddifferentiationofthebloodvesselwallattheaccesssite,leadingtoabulkingorsaclikestructureRupturerisks02Ifthereareanyirregularities,itcanbecausedbyseverebleedingandpotentiallylifethreadingapplicationsPreventivemeasures03Regularmonitoringofaccesssitesforsignsofaneurysmformation,avoidanceoftraumaorexcesspressureonthesite,andprompttreatmentifaneurysmisdetectedAneurysmFormationandRupture03CardiovascularComplicationsFluidationsinbloodvolumeduringhomeostasiscanleadtocardiovascularstressandplicationsBloodVolumeChangesAlterationsinelectrolyteconcentrations,granularPotassiumandCalcium,canaffectcardiovascularfunctionandrhythmElectrolyteImbalancesTheaccumulationofurictoxinscancontributetocardiovasculardamageandincreasetheriskofplicationsUrictoxinsHypothesisduringHematologyHemodalpatientsareatanincreasingriskofdevelopingarrhythmiasduetoelectrolyteimbalances,urictoxins,andotherfactorsArrhythmiasSuddenCardiacdeathisaseriesofplicationsthatcanoccurinhematologypatients,oftenduetoVenturalfibrosisorotherlifethreadingalgorithmsSuddenCardiacDeathRhythmiasandSuddenCardiacDeathIschemiaHemodaliscancauseischemia,orareductioninbloodflowtotheheartmuscle,duetopotential,animia,orotherfactorsInflectionInmultiplecases,ischemiacanleadtoaheartattackormyocardialinvasion,whichisalifethreadingeventthatrequiresimmediatemedicalattentionAtherosclerosisHematologypatientsarealsoatincreasedriskofdevelopingatherosclerosis,aconditionthatcanleadtorentedorblockedartsandfurtherincreasetheriskofcardiovasculardiseaseandinvasionCardiacIschemiaandInfarction04MetabolicandElectrolyteImbalancesHypokalemia(LowPotassiumLevels)CanoccurduetoexcessivePotassiumlossduringhomeostasis,inadequatedietaryintake,ortheuseofcentralmedicineSymptomsmayincludemuscleweakness,fatigue,andcardiovasculararrhythmiasHyperkalemia(HighPotassiumLevels)Canresultfromreducedkidneyfunction,binaryexcess,orthebreakdownofmultipleissuesHyperkalemiacanleadtoseriouscardiovasculararrhythmiasandevencardiovasculararrestsHypokalemiaandHyperkalemiaAccidentswhenthereisanexcessofacidinthebody,oftenduetokidneyfailureSymptomsmayincludefatigue,shortnessofbreadth,andfusionAcidosisResultsfromanexcessofbase(alkali)inthebody,whichcanbecausedbyvariousfactorssuchasinvoicing,diureticuse,orexcessbicarbonateadministrationduringhematologySymptomsmayincludenasea,muscletwisting,andfusionAlkalosisAcidBaseImbalances(Acidosis/Alkalosis)GlucoseFormationsHemodaliscancausefluctuationsinbloodglucoselevelsduetotheremovalofglucosefromthebloodduringthetreatmentprocessThiscanaffectpatientswithdiabetesMellitus,leadingtohyperglycemicorhyperglycemicepisodesInsulinResistanceChronickidneydiseaseandhematologycancontributetothedevelopmentofinsulinresistance,whichmayrequireadjustmentstodiabetesmediaandinsulinregistrationsDiabetesComplicationsPatientswithdiabetesmellitusonhematologyareatincreasedriskfordiabetesplicationssuchasretinopathy,neuropathy,andneuropathyduetotheaddedstressonthevascularsystemGlucoseIntegrityandDiabetesMellitus05NervousSystemComplicationsrangingfrommillfusiontoaAlternativementalstatusSymptomsmaywalkandwalkTranslatingcourseincludinguremictoxins,electrolytedisorders,andcerebrovasculardiseasesMultifactorialethicsneuroimaging,electroencephalogram(EEG),andlaboratoryteststoruleoutothercausesDiagnosticworkupDiagnosisDementia(Encephalopathy)PrevalenceincreasedriskinhematologypatientsparedtothegeneralpopulationEtiologyuremicencephalopathy,electrolyteimbalances(specificallyhydroglycemiaandhydroglycemia),cerebrovasculardisease,anddrugtoxicityorwithdrawalManagementtreatunderlyingcauses,antipepticbugs,andsizeprecautionsSeizureDisordersinHemodalPatientsPeripheralNerveDamage(Neuropathy)Symptomsnumbness,tingling,pain,andweaknessintheextremesEtiologymultifactorial,includingurictoxins,vitamindeficiences,diabetesmellitus,andpressiveneuropathiesDiagnosisclinicalexamination,nerveconductionstudies,andelectrographyTreatmentcorrectunderlyingcauses,paymanagement,physicaltherapy,andsurgicalinterventionforpressiveneuropathies06MusculoskeletalComplicationsRenalOsteodystrophy(BoneDisease)DepositofcalciumsaltsinsoftTissuessuchasbloodvesselsandlungs,leadingtotheirhardeninganddysfunctionsSoftTissueCalculationImbalanceofthesemineralscanleadtobonepain,fractures,anddeformitiesHighPhotosphorusandLowCalciumLevelsOverallactivityoftheparathyroidlandsduetokidneyfailureresultsinexcesssecretofparathyroidhormone,affectingbonemetabolismSecondaryhyperparathyroidismAmyloidDepositsAbnormalproteindepositsinissues,specificallyinthejoints,cancausepainandstickinessCarpalTunnelSyndromeCompressionofthemedianerveinthewriterduetoamyloiddeposits,resultinginpain,numbness,andweaknessinthehandandfingersOtherDepositRelatedIssuesSimilardepositscanoccurinotherpartsofthebody,leadingtoarangeofsymptomsdependingontheaffectedorganization010203AmyloidosisandOtherDepositIssuesElectrolyteImbalancesHemodaliscancauseimbalancesinelectrolytessuchaspodiumandcalculus,leadingtomusclewrinklesandweaknessAconditioncharacterizedbymuscleweaknessandfatigueduetotheaccumulationofureaandotherwasteproductsinthemusclesProlongedperiodsofinactivationandbedrestduringhematologytreatmentcanleadtomuscleatrophyandweaknessUrmicMyopathyInactivityandDeconditioningMuscleCramps,Weakness,andFatigue07InfectionComplicationsinHemodalBackgroundSystemicinflammatoryresponsesyndromecausedbybacteriaSepticemiaEndocarditisInfectionoftheinnerliningoftheheart,particularlyaffectingpatientswithvalvularheartdiseasePresenceofbacteriainthebloodstream,oftenleadingtosepsisBloodstreamEffects(BSI)Access