2023年高考真題-英語（天津卷） 含解析

2023年天津第二次英語高考真題一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.—IsMr.Pearlavailable,please?—_________.I'lljustseeifheisintheoffice.A.Afteryou B.HangonC.Withpleasure D.Goahead【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查情景對話。句意：——請問Pearl先生在嗎？——稍等。我去看看他在不在辦公室。A.Afteryou您先；B.Hangon稍等；C.Withpleasure愿意效勞；D.Goahead隨便。根據(jù)句意，此處表示“稍等”。故選B。2.We_________botherwithdetails,forourteammateswilldoeverythingintheirpowertohelpus.A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：我們不必為細(xì)節(jié)而煩惱，因?yàn)槲覀兊年?duì)友會盡全力幫助我們。A.mustn’t禁止；B.daren’t不敢；C.needn’t不必；D.can’t不能。根據(jù)“forourteammateswilldoeverythingintheirpowertohelpus”可知，因?yàn)槲覀冴?duì)友會全力幫助我們，所以我們不必為細(xì)節(jié)煩惱。故選C。3.Thebottleisquitedifficulttoopen;the_________istopourhotwateronitfirst.A.focus B.target C.function D.trick【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)瓶子很難打開；訣竅是先把熱水倒在上面。A.focus焦點(diǎn)；B.target目標(biāo)；C.function功能；D.trick訣竅。由“pourhotwateronitfirst”可知，空格處應(yīng)表達(dá)“訣竅”，故用trick，作主語。故選D。4.—IsitallrightifIleaveabitearlier?——_________.Icanfinishthereportonmyown.A.Surething B.HelpyourselfC.Forgetit D.Thatdepends【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查情景交際。句意：——我可以早點(diǎn)走嗎?——當(dāng)然。我可以自己完成這份報(bào)告。A.Surething（答應(yīng)建議或要求）當(dāng)然，一定；B.Helpyourself請自便；C.Forgetit算了吧；D.Thatdepends看情況而定。結(jié)合“IsitallrightifIleaveabitearlier?”以及“Icanfinishthereportonmyown”可知，上文征求對方的意見，所以此處應(yīng)為“當(dāng)然”符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。5.Athletesshouldmake_________preparation,bothphysicalandpsychological,beforeenteringabigrace.A.adequate B.slight C.identical D.rough【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：運(yùn)動(dòng)員在參加大型比賽前應(yīng)該做好充分的生理和心理準(zhǔn)備。A.adequate足夠的；B.slight輕微的；C.identical相同的；D.rough粗糙的，不平的。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用形容詞作定語，根據(jù)句意，此處表示“足夠的，充足的”，用adequate。故選A。6.Ireallywanttogotoaplaceforthesummervacation,________especiallywithbeautifulsceneryanduniqueculture.A.it B.that C.this D.one【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查代詞辨析。句意：我真的很想去一個(gè)地方過暑假，一個(gè)特別美麗的風(fēng)景和獨(dú)特的文化。A.it它；B.that那個(gè)；C.this這個(gè)；D.one一個(gè)。分析句子，此處表示泛指過暑假的地方，one指代的剛提到過的同一類人或物。故選D。7.Thewoodentowerthat_________willbeopentotouristssoon,andtheworkisalmostfinished.A.isbeingrestored B.isrestoredC.isrestoring D.restores【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：正在修復(fù)的木塔很快將對游客開放，工程即將完工。A.isbeingrestored正在被修復(fù)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；B.isrestored被修復(fù)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；C.isrestoring正在修復(fù)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；D.restores修復(fù)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。此句thewoodentower是先行詞，做定語從句的主語，restore是定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞，二者在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)后文theworkisalmostfinished，修復(fù)工作幾乎快要結(jié)束，說明還沒結(jié)束，修復(fù)、復(fù)原工作正在進(jìn)行。所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填isbeingrestored，故選A項(xiàng)。8._________youareoldenoughtomakeyourownjudgement,youshouldstarttopursueyourcareer.A.Evenif B.AsthoughC.Eversince D.Nowthat【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查原因狀語從句。句意：既然你已經(jīng)長大了，可以自己做判斷了，你應(yīng)該開始追求你的事業(yè)了。A.Evenif即使；B.Asthough好像；C.Eversince自從；D.Nowthat既然。根據(jù)“youshouldstarttopursueyourcareer.”可知，主從句之間為因果關(guān)系，所以此處使用“既然”符合邏輯，表示“既然你已經(jīng)長大，有能力自己做判斷”，故選D項(xiàng)。9._________severaladjustmentstothedesignfortwomonths,theengineereventuallysucceededinbuildingahighlyefficientsystem.A.Trying B.TriedC.Havingtried D.Havingbeentried【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間里，這位工程師對設(shè)計(jì)嘗試了幾次調(diào)整，最終成功地構(gòu)建了一個(gè)高效的系統(tǒng)。本句謂語為succeeded，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞，邏輯主語theengineer與try“嘗試”為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此處強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作try發(fā)生在謂語succeeded之前，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式havingtried，作狀語。故選A。10.OnApril22everyyear,peoplearoundtheworldmarkEarthDayby_________theenvironment.A.adaptingto B.benefitingfrom C.caringfor D.relyingon【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：每年的4月22日，世界各地的人們都通過關(guān)心環(huán)境來紀(jì)念地球日。A.adaptingto適應(yīng)；B.benefitingfrom受益于；C.caringfor關(guān)心；D.relyingon依靠。根據(jù)上文“peoplearoundtheworldmarkEarthDayby”指通過關(guān)心環(huán)境來紀(jì)念地球日。故選C。11.Peoplewhovaluetheirprivacyareconcernedabout_________Googlemightdowiththeinformationitisgathering.A.that B.what C.why D.how【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：重視隱私的人擔(dān)心谷歌可能會對其收集的信息做些什么。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句。賓語從句中缺少賓語，表示“谷歌可能做的事情”，所以用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。故選B。12.Chinaisashiningexamplefortheglobalcommunitytofollow_________developinggreenindustrytofightclimatechange.A.inadditionto B.inreturnforC.intermsof D.inagreementwith【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：中國是國際社會發(fā)展綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)對氣候變化的光輝榜樣。A.inadditonto除……之外；B.inreturnfor作為……的回報(bào)；C.intermsof就……而言；從……方面（說來）；D.inagreementwith同意，與……一致。根據(jù)語意，中國在發(fā)展綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)對氣候變化方面來說是光輝的榜樣。故選C。13.ThePalaceMuseumhasthemostremarkablecollectionoffineclocksintheworld,mainly_________fromEuropeandChina.A.originating B.originatedC.beingoriginated D.havingoriginated【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：故宮博物院收藏了世界上最精美的鐘表，主要來自歐洲和中國。句中有謂語has，前后無連詞，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語，修飾fineclocks，且動(dòng)詞originate(源于)和fineclocks是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，故選A。二、完型填空Therearemomentswhenstrangers’livescollide(碰撞)byaccident,andeventhoughtheymayneverseeeachotheragain,they’rechangedforever.Thesecanbemomentswhentruecharacteris___14___,oftenthroughactsofkindnessandgenerosityofunlikelyheroes.Notlongago,Iwasa(n)___15___tothatkindofmoment.Onasummermidnight,myparentsandIhadjust___16___alongflightandstartedtowalkthroughtheemptyairportwhenIsawapassengersuddenlyfalltotheground.We___17___rantowardhim.Myparents,whoaredoctors,droppedeverythingandbegantryingto___18___whathadhappened.Astheyaskedhimquestionsandsearchedfora(n)___19___informationcard,otherpassengersfromtheflightjoinedus.Myparents___20___thatthemanwashypoglycaemic(低血糖的)andinmajorneedofsugar.___21___,theonlythingwecouldfindwasaproteinbar.Wewere___22___itwouldnotbeenoughtosavehim.Justthen,ayoungboy,Mecca,arrivedatthe____23____withtheflightattendants(空乘人員).Hequietlyannounced,“IhaveaSnickers(士力架巧克力)!”Nobodyrespondedtohimastheywereinthe____24____oftryingtosaveastranger'slife.Meccadugdeepintohisbackpack,and____25____aSnickers.Hethenhandedittomyfather,whowastryingtomanagewiththeproteinbar.WithinsecondsoftheSnickersreplacingtheproteinbar,themanregained____26____.Mecca,afourthgrader,____27____thisstranger'slife!Noonecouldhaveguessedthatearlierthatnight,Meccahadjustbeenthrougha____28____time.Hisfather'sflightwasunexpectedlycanceled,____29____himtoflyalone.Hehadneverflownbyhimselfbeforeandwasverynervous.Hisgrandmotherfilledhisbackpackwithcandytomakehimalittleless____30____.WhenwetoldMecca'sparentsofhis____31____actions,theysmiledfromeartoear.Theyweresurprisedthathehadsavedsomecandyandwasabletothinkaboutthecandyduringthe____32____.Astimegoeson,Iremain____33____bytheexperienceofwitnessinganine-year-oldsaveastranger'slife.EventodayMecca'skindnesscontinuestomakemesmile.14.A.created B.revealed C.introduced D.preserved15.A.witness B.visitor C.match D.exception16.A.caught B.confirmed C.gottenoff D.putoff17.A.safely B.accidentally C.casually D.immediately18.A.getacross B.figureout C.takedown D.bringup19.A.medical B.financial C.educational D.military20.A.recalled B.determined C.admitted D.guaranteed21.A.Instead B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However22.A.worried B.confused C.embarrassed D.annoyed23.A.station B.destination C.scene D.department24.A.chaos B.possession C.habit D.direction25.A.gaveaway B.setaside C.pulledout D.keptoff26.A.memory B.appetite C.independence D.consciousness27.A.risked B.saved C.sacrificed D.respected28.A.proper B.tough C.enjoyable D.mysterious29.A.forcing B.urging C.reminding D.permitting30A.guilty B.anxious C.sensitive D.doubtful31.A.modest B.ambitious C.heroic D.confident32.A.flight B.operation C.performance D.emergency33.A.relieved B.puzzled C.frustrated D.inspire【答案】14.B15.A16.C17.D18.B19.A20.B21.D22.A23.C24.A25.C26.D27.B28.B29.A30.B31.C32.D33.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個(gè)乘客在機(jī)場低血糖突然倒地，陌生人們一起幫忙，其中一個(gè)年僅九歲的男孩麥加用自己的巧克力救了這個(gè)人的命。這種不期而遇的碰撞可以改變?nèi)藗兊纳?，也可以展現(xiàn)出人性中最善良的一面?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這些時(shí)刻可能揭示了真正的品格，通常是通過非凡英雄的善良和慷慨的行為展現(xiàn)出來的。A.created創(chuàng)造；B.revealed揭示；C.introduced引入；D.preserved保護(hù)。根據(jù)前文“Therearemomentswhenstrangers’livescollide(碰撞)byaccident,andeventhoughtheymayneverseeeachotheragain,they’rechangedforever.”以及后文“oftenthroughactsofkindnessandgenerosityofunlikelyheroes.”可知，有時(shí)候，陌生人的生活會因?yàn)榕既坏呐鲎捕诲e(cuò)在一起，即使他們可能永遠(yuǎn)不會再見面，他們也會永遠(yuǎn)改變。這些時(shí)刻通常是通過非凡英雄的善良和慷慨的行為展現(xiàn)出來的，可能揭示了真正的品格。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名次詞義辨析。句意：不久以前，我也曾目睹過這樣的時(shí)刻。A.witness目擊者，親歷者；B.visitor訪問者；C.match比賽；D.exception例外。根據(jù)后文“thatkindofmoment.”以及后文的內(nèi)容，可知此處表示作者也是這個(gè)時(shí)刻的親歷者。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：一個(gè)夏天的午夜，我和父母剛下了長途飛機(jī)，正要穿過空蕩蕩的機(jī)場，突然看到一位乘客摔倒在地。A.caught抓?。籅.confirmed確認(rèn)；C.gottenoff下車；D.putoff推遲。根據(jù)后文“startedtowalkthroughtheemptyairport”可知，作者和父母剛下飛機(jī)，走出空蕩蕩的機(jī)場。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析句意：我們立即向他跑去。A.safely安全地；B.accidentally意外地；C.casually隨意地；D.immediately立即地。根據(jù)“Isawapassengersuddenlyfalltotheground.”可知，突然看到有人倒下，故作者和家人立刻跑過去。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：我的父母都是醫(yī)生，他們放下了手上的東西，開始試圖弄清楚到底發(fā)生了什么。A.getacross理解；B.figureout弄清楚；C.takedown拆除；D.bringup提出。根據(jù)前文“droppedeverythingandbegantryingto”可知，因?yàn)樽髡叩母改阜畔率掷锏臇|西去弄清楚到底發(fā)生了什么。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們問他問題并尋找醫(yī)療信息卡時(shí)，航班上的其他乘客也加入了我們。A.medical醫(yī)療的；B.financial金融的；C.educational教育的；D.military軍事的。根據(jù)“informationcard”以及后文的“themanwashypoglycaemic”可知，在男人倒下后，作者的父母詢問相關(guān)的醫(yī)療信息卡，原來男人是低血糖而倒下。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我父母認(rèn)為這個(gè)人患有低血糖癥，非常需要糖。A.recalled回憶起；B.determined決定，確定；C.admitted承認(rèn)；D.guaranteed保證。根據(jù)“thatthemanwashypoglycaemic(低血糖的)”可知，父母確定因?yàn)榈脱悄腥瞬诺瓜?。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我們唯一能找到的是一個(gè)蛋白質(zhì)棒。A.Instead相反；B.Therefore因此；C.Otherwise否則；D.However然而。根據(jù)“theonlythingwecouldfindwasaproteinbar.”可知，男人倒下是因?yàn)榈脱?，需要糖回升血糖，而?dāng)前只能找到一個(gè)蛋白質(zhì)棒，前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們擔(dān)心這不足以救他。A.worried擔(dān)心的；B.confused困惑的；C.embarrassed尷尬的；D.annoyed惱怒的。根據(jù)“itwouldnotbeenoughtosavehim”可知，因?yàn)楫?dāng)前只能找到一個(gè)蛋白質(zhì)棒，因此作者和家人擔(dān)心這不足以救助倒下的男人。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時(shí)，一個(gè)名叫麥加的小男孩和空乘人員來到了現(xiàn)場。A.station站；B.destination目的地；C.scene場景；D.department部門。根據(jù)“Mecca,arrivedatthe”可知，一個(gè)名叫麥加的小男孩和空乘人員來到了現(xiàn)場。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有人回應(yīng)他，因?yàn)樗麄冋幱诨靵y之中拯救一個(gè)陌生人的生命。A.chaos混亂；B.possession擁有；C.habit習(xí)慣；D.direction方向。根據(jù)“tryingtosaveastranger'slife”可知，因?yàn)樵趫龅娜硕继幱诨靵y之中拯救陌生人的生命，因此沒人回復(fù)他。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：麥加從背包里掏出一塊士力架。A.gaveaway贈(zèng)送；B.setaside擱置；C.pulledout拉出；D.keptoff避開。根據(jù)“Meccadugdeepintohisbackpack,”可知，麥加在背包里翻了半天，掏出一塊士力架。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：士力架代替了蛋白質(zhì)棒，幾秒鐘后，這名男子就恢復(fù)了意識。A.memory記憶力；B.appetite食欲；C.independence獨(dú)立；D.consciousness意識。根據(jù)“WithinsecondsoftheSnickersreplacingtheproteinbar,”可知，當(dāng)士力架代替了蛋白質(zhì)棒，男子血糖恢復(fù)，幾秒鐘后，這名男子就恢復(fù)了意識。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：四年級學(xué)生麥加救了這個(gè)陌生人的命！A.risked冒險(xiǎn)；B.saved拯救；C.sacrificed犧牲；D.respected尊敬。根據(jù)“thisstranger'slife”可知，四年級學(xué)生麥加救了這個(gè)陌生人的命。故選B。【28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有人能想到，那天晚上早些時(shí)候，麥加剛剛經(jīng)歷了一段艱難的時(shí)期。A.proper適當(dāng)?shù)?；B.tough艱難的；C.enjoyable令人愉快的；D.mysterious神秘的。根據(jù)后文“Hisfather'sflightwasunexpectedlycanceled,___16___himtoflyalone.”可知，他父親的航班意外取消，迫使他獨(dú)自飛行，由此可知麥加剛剛經(jīng)歷了一段艱難的時(shí)期。故選B。【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他父親的航班意外取消，迫使他獨(dú)自飛行。A.forcing強(qiáng)迫，迫使；B.urging催促；C.reminding提醒；D.permitting允許。根據(jù)“Hisfather'sflightwasunexpectedlycanceled,”可知，由于麥加父親的航班意外取消，由此迫使麥加獨(dú)自乘坐航班。故選A。【30題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他的祖母在他的背包里裝滿了糖果，讓他不那么焦慮。A.guilty愧疚的；B.anxious焦慮的；C.sensitive敏感的；D.doubtful懷疑的。根據(jù)“Hehadneverflownbyhimselfbeforeandwasverynervous.”可知，麥加從未獨(dú)自做過航班，因此祖母在其包中裝滿糖果不讓他焦慮。故選B。【31題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們把麥加的英勇事跡告訴他的父母時(shí)，他們笑得合不攏嘴。A.modest謙虛的；B.ambitious有抱負(fù)的；C.heroic英勇的；D.confident自信的。根據(jù)前文“Meccadugdeepintohisbackpack,and___12___aSnickers.Hethenhandedittomyfather,whowastryingtomanagewiththeproteinbar.”可知，作者將麥加救助低血糖男人的英雄過程告訴了麥加的父母。故選C。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們都很驚訝，麥加還存了一些糖果，在緊急情況下還能想到糖果。A.flight航班；B.operation手術(shù)；C.performance表演；D.emergency緊急情況。根據(jù)前文麥加遞送士力架給作者的父親以及“wasabletothinkaboutthecandy”可知，麥加的父母很驚訝，在低血糖男子倒下的緊急情況下麥加還能想到糖果。故選D。【33題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著時(shí)間的流逝，目睹一個(gè)九歲的孩子救了一個(gè)陌生人的生命的經(jīng)歷仍然激勵(lì)著我。A.relieved放心的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.frustrated沮喪的；D.inspired激勵(lì)的。根據(jù)“EventodayMecca'skindnesscontinuestomakemesmile.”可知，在經(jīng)歷此事后，直到今天，麥加的善良仍然讓作者微笑，由此一個(gè)九歲的孩子麥加拯救陌生人的經(jīng)歷激勵(lì)著作者。故選D。三、閱讀理解Passage1WelcometoUCLAExchangeProgram!Let’sgetstartedbycheckingoutStudentGuideforyouracademicjourney!SigningupforESL(EnglishasaSecondLanguage)ESLcoursesaredesignedtohelpinternationalstudentsimproveacademicEnglishlanguageskills.Enrollment(課程注冊)priorityisgiventodegreestudents.Ifspaceisavailable,youmayenroll.YouwillthenbeaskedtotakeanESLPlacementTest.Thetestresultswillhelpyouchoosetheclassthatisappropriateforyou.ChangingYourCourseEnrollmentListYoumaychangeyourclassscheduleduringthefirsttwoweeksofthetermbyaddingordroppingcoursesfromyourenrollmentlist.Afterthesecondweekofclasses,therewillbeachargeforeachschedulechange.Studentsoftenattendclassesinwhichtheyarenotenrolledonthefirstdayofinstructiontotryaddingthisnewcoursetothelist,asotherstudentsmayhavedroppedit.WithdrawingfromCoursesIfyouchoosetodropacourse,youmustfollowtheUCLAproceduresforremovingitfromyourschedule.Ifyouforgettoofficiallydropthatcourse,a“F”(Fail)gradewillberegisteredonyourrecordattheendoftheterm.If,atalaterdate,youwishtoapplyforajoborgraduateschoolwhereanofficialcopyofyourUCLArecordisrequired,itwillbetoyouradvantagetoprovideanimpressiveacademicrecord.TakingExamsSomeinstructorschoosetoputprevioustestpapersonlibraryreservemakingthemavailabletoallstudents.Theseexams,whichstudentscommonlyuseforpractice,cangiveyouanideaofhowinstructorsaskquestionsandwhattheyregardasrelevantmaterial.Youcanalsoaccesstheexamsonline.34.ExchangestudentscanenrollintheESLcourseifthey________.A.havedonewellintheplacementtestB.areaskedtoimprovetheirEnglishskillsC.findavacancyafterdegreestudents’enrollmentD.havecompletedUCLA’sregistrationprocedures35.AnESLPlacementTestisaimedto________.A.improvethestudents’languageskillsB.encouragethestudentstoanswerquestionsC.putthestudentsinaclassthatfitsthemD.helpthestudentsapplyforadegree36.Whatisthedeadlineforafreeenrollmentlistchange?A.Thedaywhentheclassisfull.B.Thefirstdayofinstruction.C.Thefirstweekoftheclass.D.Theendofthesecondweek.37.Whatshouldexchangestudentsdoiftheychoosetostoptakingacourse?A.SeekassistancefromUCLAofficials.B.Gothroughtheprocedurestodropit.C.PresentpastacademicrecordstoUCLA.D.MakearequesttotheRegistrationOffice.38.Workingonprevioustestshelpsstudents________.A.imitatethewaythattheirinstructorswritetestquestionsB.learnhowquestionsareaskedandwhattheyarebasedonC.comeupwithnewideasabouthowtestingrelatestoteachingD.narrowdowntowhathasnotyetbeencoveredinonlinetests【答案】34.C35.C36.D37.B38.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校交流項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生指南。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SigningupforESL標(biāo)題下的第二、三句話“Enrollment(課程注冊)priorityisgiventodegreestudents.Ifspaceisavailable,youmayenroll.(優(yōu)先招收學(xué)位學(xué)生。如果有空位，您可以報(bào)名。)”可知，如果有空位，那么有學(xué)位的學(xué)生是能夠申請加入該項(xiàng)目的。故選C。【35題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SigningupforESL標(biāo)題下的最后一句話“Thetestresultswillhelpyouchoosetheclassthatisappropriateforyou.(測試結(jié)果將幫助您選擇適合自己的班級)”可知，ESL入學(xué)考試旨在把學(xué)生們放到適合自己的班級里。故選C?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ChangingYourCourseEnrollmentList標(biāo)題下的第二句話“Afterthesecondweekofclasses,therewillbeachargeforeachschedulechange.(第二周的課程結(jié)束后，每次更改時(shí)間表都會收取費(fèi)用。)”可知，免費(fèi)更改報(bào)名名單的截止日期是在第二周課程結(jié)束后。故選D?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WithdrawingfromCourses標(biāo)題下的第一句話“Ifyouchoosetodropacourse,youmustfollowtheUCLAproceduresforremovingitfromyourschedule.(如果你選擇放棄一門課程，你必須按照加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的程序?qū)⑵鋸哪愕臅r(shí)間表中刪除。)”可知，如果交換生停止課程，他們必須按照加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的程序?qū)⑵鋸臅r(shí)間表中刪除。故選B?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TakingExams標(biāo)題下的第二句話“Theseexams,whichstudentscommonlyuseforpractice,cangiveyouanideaofhowinstructorsaskquestionsandwhattheyregardasrelevantmaterial.(這些考試是學(xué)生們通常用來練習(xí)的，可以讓你了解老師是如何提問的，以及他們認(rèn)為哪些是相關(guān)材料。)”可知，參加以前的考試有助于學(xué)生了解老師是如何提問的，以及他們認(rèn)為哪些是相關(guān)材料。故選B。Passage2Ilookedthroughthewindowofthecharminglittleviolinshop,andmyheartbegantorace.I'dbeenouttodinnerthatevening.Sinceitwasn'tdarkyetafterthemeal,Idecidedtowalkhomefromtherestaurant.Ihadtraveledthatwaybefore,yetIhadnevernoticedthatoldlittleshop.ButthatnightIfeltdrawntotheviolinshopthemomentIcameacrossit.Iwipedthedirtfromthewindowtogetabetterlookinside.Severalviolinshungfromthedarkwalls,quietlywaitingtobechosen.Asmyeyesrestedonthem,IfeltasthoughIwerelookingthroughawindowintomyownpast.MychildhoodwasallaboutthepursuitsIhadattempted,mostofwhichhadbeenchosenbyMom.Shewaslike,“Jointheswimteam,Tara.Yoursisterisagoodswimmer;surelyyouwillbe,too.”Whatsherefusedtoacknowledge,however,wasthatIwasvisiblyafraidofwater.EverySaturdayIbeggedMomnottomakemegototheswimmeet,buthadlittlechanceofsuccess.Thatsaid,withabangofthestartinggun,IwoulddiveintothecoldwaterwithallmystrengthandswimtotheothersideofthepoolasfastasIcould,onlytofindthattheotherswimmersslidpastme.IwouldhavegivenitupifIhadnotheardmyfather'sencouragingshoutstocheermeon.Whenatlastmyhandwouldgrabtheedgeofthepool,hewouldalwaysbetherewithawarm,drytowel,tellingmehowproudhewasofmydesperateefforts.Thencameaturningpointinmylifethedayourschoolorchestra(管弦樂隊(duì))visitedmyclass,andgaveademonstration.Thedrumsannoyedme.Theflutes(笛子)boredme.Buttheviolin…ah,theviolin.ItmadethesweetestsoundI'deverheard!Myheartwasdancingalongwithitsflowingtune.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iwentsowildwithjoy.Tightlyholdingthepermissionslipfromtheorchestradirector,Iranallthewayhomeafterschool,andshakilyhandedittomyparentswithafearthattheymightdismissmydesire.Theydidn't.Momwasthrilledtoseemefinallyexcitedaboutsomething,andDadwinked(眨眼示意)atmewhileeagerlysigningtheslip.Ibeganpracticingtheviolinwithgreatpassion,androsequicklyinability.BeforelongIhadwonthefirstseatinthecommunityorchestra…39.WhatdidthesightoftheviolinsinthatlittleshopbringtoTara'smind?A.Hermiserablepast.B.Anunforgettablesportevent.C.Thestoriesbehindtheviolins.D.Herchildhoodmemory.40.WhatDaddidforTaraduringtheswimmingcompetitionimpliesthatheis________.A.mindlessandbad-temperedB.caringandsupportiveC.strictanddemandingD.tolerantandsympathetic41.WhatfascinatedTaraduringherschoolorchestra'sdemonstration?A.Thetuneoftheflutes.B.Thebeatofthedrums.C.Thesoundoftheviolin.D.Themannerofthemusicians.42.WhatenabledTaratowinthefirstseatinthecommunityorchestra?A.Thesteadyimprovementinhertaste.B.Herstrongdesireforsuccess.C.Hernaturalgiftformusic.D.Therapidprogressinherability.43.WhatmessagedoesTara'sstoryconvey?A.It'snevertooyoungtolearn.B.Apassionateinterestworkswonders.C.Hardworkwillpayoffinthelongrun.D.Likemother,likedaughter.【答案】39.D40.B41.C42.D43.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者路過櫥窗時(shí)，看到一把迷人的小提琴深受吸引。在游泳比賽屢次落后的情形下，我觀看了學(xué)校管弦樂隊(duì)舉辦的演奏會。在得到父母的許可下，我充滿激情地練習(xí)小提琴最終成為了社區(qū)管弦樂團(tuán)的首席?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段最后一行“Asmyeyesrestedonthem,IfeltasthoughIwerelookingthroughawindowintomyownpast.”(當(dāng)我的目光停留在他們身上時(shí)，我覺得自己好像在透過窗戶回顧自己的過去。)和第四段第一行“MychildhoodwasallaboutthepursuitsIhadattempted,mostofwhichhadbeenchosenbyMom.”(我的童年都是我嘗試追求過的愛好，其中大部分都是媽媽選擇的。)可知，透過商店的小提琴作者回想起了童年。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第五段最后兩句“IwouldhavegivenitupifIhadnotheardmyfather'sencouragingshoutstocheermeon.Whenatlastmyhandwouldgrabtheedgeofthepool,hewouldalwaysbetherewithawarm,drytowel,tellingmehowproudhewasofmydesperateefforts.”(如果我沒有聽到父親鼓勵(lì)我加油的呼喊聲，我早就放棄了。當(dāng)我的手終于抓住泳池邊時(shí)，他總是拿著一條溫暖、干燥的毛巾在那里，告訴我他為我拼命的努力感到多么自豪。)由此可以推斷爸爸是關(guān)心和支持作者的。故選B項(xiàng)。【41題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第六段最后兩句“Buttheviolin…ah,theviolin.ItmadethesweetestsoundI'deverheard!Myheartwasdancingalongwithitsflowingtune.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iwentsowildwithjoy.”(但是小提琴…啊，小提琴。它發(fā)出了我聽過的最甜美的聲音！我的心隨著它流動(dòng)的曲調(diào)翩翩起舞。我有生以來第一次欣喜若狂。)可知是小提琴的聲音令作者癡迷。故選C項(xiàng)。【42題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第八段第一句“Ibeganpracticingtheviolinwithgreatpassion,androsequicklyinability.”(我懷著極大的熱情開始練習(xí)小提琴，并且能力迅速提升。)可知，作者進(jìn)步飛速，所以才成為首席。故選D項(xiàng)。【43題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章，作者非常拼命地游泳但是依然落后于其他人。他非常熱愛小提琴，進(jìn)步飛速，很快成為了管弦樂團(tuán)的首席，可知興趣愛好是最好的老師，能創(chuàng)造奇跡。故選B項(xiàng)。Passage3Gettingthe“side-eye”lookfromyourdogcanmakeitseemliketheyaremakingajudgementaboutyou,andsomenewstudiessuggesttheyreallycouldbe.Theabilitytojudgeothers’intentionsisanindicatorofpossessing“theoryofmind”whichwasoncethoughttobeuniquetohumans.However,newstudieshaveshownthatdogscanreadhumanbehaviourandhaveapreferencetopeoplewhoaremorefriendlyorgenerouswithfood.Onesuchstudypublishedin2023aimedtoseeifdogscantellthedifferencebetweenhumanswhoare“unwilling”or“unable”togivethematreat.96dogswereinvolvedinboth“unwilling”and“unable”scenarios(情境)designedforthestudy.Bothscenariosinvolvedadogbeingplacedononesideofaglassscreenwithsmallholesinitatnose-height,andanexperimenterstandingontheother.Inthe‘unwilling’scenario,theexperimenterwouldhangapieceofsausageinfrontofthescreenina‘teasing’(戲耍的)manner,andapproachoneoftheholes.Butinsteadofpassingitthroughtheholetothedog,theywouldthenpullitoutofitsreach.Forthe“unable”scenario,theexperimenterwouldagainmovethetreattowardstheholewhilethedogwatched,but“accidentally”dropitbeforetheycouldpassitthrough.Theresearchersobservedthatthedogsweremuchmorepatient,makingmoreeyecontactandstayingclosertothescreenafterthe“unable”scenarioplayedout.Inthe“unwilling”scenario,however,thedogslookedattheexperimenterlessoften,sat,laydownandwanderedaroundmorefrequently.Anotherstudyfrom2021testedfor“theoryofmind”indogsinasimilarway,butthedogswereabletowalkroundthescreentoobtainthetreatafterwitnessingtheexperimenter’s“unwilling”or“unable”behaviour.Themainfindingwasthatthedogsapproachedtheexperimentersignificantlysoonerintheunablescenariothanintheunwillingscenario.However,theresearchersofthe2023studychallengedthatthefooddroppedonthefloorintheclumsy(笨拙的)mannermighthavemotivatedthedogstoapproachtheexperimenterconsideringthattheyprobablyoftenobtainfooddroppedonthefloorintheirdailylives.Now,moreevidencehasbeenprovidedthatdogsdistinguishbetweensimilaractionsassociatedwithdifferentintentions.Buthowexactlytheyacquiresuchintention-readingabilitieswillbeanexcitingtopicforfutureresearch.44.WhatisoneofthenewresearchfindingsaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Dogsalsohave“theoryofmind”.B.Dogspreferfoodfromgenerouspeople.C.Humanbehavioursaremostlyintentional.D.Friendlyanimalscangetfoodmoreeasily.45.Whatdidtheexperimenterdointhe“unwilling”scenariointhe2023study?A.Theyactedawkwardlywhilefeedingthedog.B.Theypretendedtowalkslowlyawayfromthedog.C.Theyteasedthedogbyfixingthetreattothescreen.D.Theypulledthesausagebeyondthedog’sreach.46.Howdidthedogsofthe2023studyrespondtothe“unable”behaviour?A.Bymovingclosertotheexperimenter.B.Bykeepingwanderingaround.C.Byignoringtheexperimenter.D.Bylyingstillonthefloor47.Howdoestheexperimentdesignofthe2021studydifferfromthatof2023?A.Thedogscanwatchtheexperimenter.B.Thedogscangototheothersideofthescreen.C.Thedogs’responsesareundercloseobservation.D.Thedogs’habitualbehavioursareunderanalysis.48.Whatdothedogs’differentresponsesin“unwilling”and“unable”scenariossuggest?A.Dogscantell“beingfriendly”from“beingmean”B.Dogs’intelligenceisgraduallyevolving.C.Dogs’intentionscanbeeasilyidentified.D.Dogsarealotmoreemotionalthanotheranimals.【答案】44.A45.D46.A47.D48.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是一些新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，狗可能會判斷他人的意圖，可以讀懂人類的行為，并且更喜歡那些更友好或?qū)κ澄锔犊娜?。?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theabilitytojudgeothers’intentionsisanindicatorofpossessing“theoryofmind”whichwasoncethoughttobeuniquetohumans.However,newstudieshaveshownthatdogscanreadhumanbehaviourandhaveapreferencetopeoplewhoaremorefriendlyorgenerouswithfood.(判斷他人意圖的能力是擁有“心智理論”的一個(gè)指標(biāo)，這一度被認(rèn)為是人類所獨(dú)有的。然而，新的研究表明，狗可以讀懂人類的行為，并且更喜歡那些更友好或?qū)κ澄锔犊娜恕?”可知，判斷他人意圖的能力是擁有“心智理論”的一個(gè)指標(biāo)，而新的研究表明，狗可以讀懂人類的行為，由此可知，新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)狗應(yīng)該也有“心智理論”。故選A項(xiàng)。【45題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthe‘unwilling’scenario,theexperimenterwouldhangapieceofsausageinfrontofthescreenina‘teasing’(戲耍的)manner,andapproachoneoftheholes.Butinsteadofpassingitthroughtheholetothedog,theywouldthenpullitoutofitsreach.(在“不情愿”的場景中，實(shí)驗(yàn)人員會以“戲弄”的方式在屏幕前掛一塊香腸，并接近其中一個(gè)洞。但他們不是把食物從洞里遞給狗，而是把食物拉到狗夠不著的地方。)”可知，在不情愿場景中，實(shí)驗(yàn)人員不是把實(shí)物給狗吃，而是把食物拉到一個(gè)狗夠不著的地方。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theresearchersobservedthatthedogsweremuchmorepatient,makingmoreeyecontactandstayingclosertothescreenafterthe“unable”scenarioplayedout.(研究人員觀察到，在“無能為力”的場景結(jié)束后，狗狗們更有耐心了，他們會進(jìn)行更多的眼神交流，并離屏幕更近。)”可知，在“無能為力”的場景結(jié)束后，狗會預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)人員進(jìn)行眼神交流，并且離屏幕更近，由此可知，狗對“無能為力”的行為回應(yīng)是更愿意接近實(shí)驗(yàn)者。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Anotherstudyfrom2021testedfor“theoryofmind”indogsinasimilarway,butthedogswereabletowalkroundthescreentoobtainthetreatafterwitnessingtheexperimenter’s“unwilling”or“unable”behaviour.(2021年的另一項(xiàng)研究以類似的方式測試了狗的“心智理論”，但狗在目睹了實(shí)驗(yàn)者的“不愿意”或“無能為力”行為后，能夠繞著屏幕走，以獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。)”可知，2021年的研究中，在狗目睹了實(shí)驗(yàn)者的“不愿意”或者“無能為力”后，能繞著屏幕走以獲取獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，由此可知，2021年的研究中狗的習(xí)慣行為在分析中。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“However,newstudieshaveshownthatdogscanreadhumanbehaviourandhaveapreferencetopeoplewhoaremorefriendlyorgenerouswithfood.(然而，新的研究表明，狗可以讀懂人類的行為，并且更喜歡那些更友好或?qū)κ澄锔犊娜恕?”可知，新研究表明，都能夠讀懂人類的行為，且喜歡那些更友好或者對食物更慷慨的人，進(jìn)而在下文中的對該項(xiàng)研究過程進(jìn)行闡述，由此可知，狗在“不愿意”和“無能為力”情況下的不同反應(yīng)說明了狗能分辨“友善”和“刻薄”。故選A項(xiàng)。Passage4Storytellingisanancientartformthathasbeenusedtohanddownlegends,talesandfactualstories.PerhapsthefirstthingthatspringstomindwhenyouthinkofstorytellingisthefantasylandthattookshapeinyourmindwhileMomorDadtoldyoustoriesaboutprinces,castlesandmonsters,withauniquevoiceforeachcharacter.Storytellingdoesnotjusttakeplaceatbedtimeorroundacampfire,however.Itcantakesomeotherforms,eitherviathebookswereadorthefilmswewatch.Buttheyusuallyhavesomeelementsincommon:ratherthanalistofdryfacts,storieshaveplotsandtheyintroducecharacters.Werespondtostories,particularlywhenthereisemotionaldetail.Andunlikewhatwesuppose,stor