高中英語 Module 4 第1課時(shí) Introduction Reading同步練習(xí) 外研版必修4

IntroductionreadingⅠ.單詞拼寫1．Surgeonshavemadeagreat________(突破)inthekidneytransplantation.2．Heneedsahighincometo________(供養(yǎng))suchalargefamily.3．Withthedevelopmentofmodern________(農(nóng)業(yè))andindustry,moreandmorewasteisproduced.4．Heisanimportantpolitical________(人物)inIndianhistory.5．________(教育)isgiventochildrenbythegovernment.6．The________(最初的)ownerofthehousewasDukeWellington.7．Weareveryproudofthehigh________(質(zhì)量)ofourproduct.8．Thescientificstudyofthechemistryoflivingthingsiscalled________(生物化學(xué))．9．Itisgenerallybelievedthatadvertisingcanincrease______(產(chǎn)量)andsales.10．We've________(改變；轉(zhuǎn)換)fromcoaltogascentralheating.答案：1.breakthrough2.support3.agriculture4.figure5．Education6.original7.quality8.biochemistry9．production10.convertedⅡ.完成句子1．Hehopestoearnhisliving__________________.他希望靠賣飲料來謀生。2．Hewaslateforthemeeting________________atrafficjam.由于交通堵塞，他開會遲到了。3．Scientistsareworkinghard______________acureforthedisease.科學(xué)家們正努力工作尋找這種疾病的治愈方法。4．Weallhaveourfavourite________________certainthings.我們做某些事都有自己愛用的方法。5．Dietandexerciseare__________________goodhealth.身體健康的關(guān)鍵是飲食和運(yùn)動(dòng)。6．They've________________expertstoadviseontheproject.他們已請來專家對該項(xiàng)目提意見。7．__________________armswerediscoveredhiddeninthetrucks.卡車上發(fā)現(xiàn)藏有大量武器。8．I____________________whyhequithisjob.我捉摸不透他為什么要辭掉工作。答案：1.bysellingdrinks2.asaresultof3.insearchof4.waysofdoing/todo5.thekeyto6.broughtin7．Quantitiesof8.couldn'tfigureoutⅢ.語法填空1．Atthesightofhermother,thesurpriseinherfacewas________byjoy.答案：replaced句意：一看到母親，她臉上的表情由快樂替代了驚奇。replace替代，符合句意。2．(·金華高一檢測改編)Theproblemofglobalwarmingisserious________thesealevelrises.答案：Asaresult句意：全球變暖的問題十分嚴(yán)重。結(jié)果是海平面上升了。asaresult結(jié)果，符合句意。3．They________thestudy________anurseryroomwhenthebabywasborn.答案：converted;into句意：嬰兒出生時(shí)，他們把書房改成了育嬰室。convert與into或to皆可搭配。4．WhenIcameintothestore,Ifoundthatlargequantitiesoffood________(spread)outonthetable.答案：werespread句意：當(dāng)我進(jìn)入商店時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)大量的食物擺放在桌子上。largequantitiesof無論修飾可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，其謂語動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)5．Thekey________(keep)thiscountryacomfortableandcleanplacetoliveinistocontrolindustrialpollution.答案：tokeeping句意：使該國保持既舒服又干凈的居住環(huán)境的關(guān)鍵是控制工業(yè)污染。thekeytodoingsth.意為“做某事的關(guān)鍵是……”，其中to為介詞。6．Theoldscientisthasmade________breakthroughingrowingrice,whichwill________(feed)morepeopleintheworld.答案：a；feed句意：這位老科學(xué)家在種植水稻方面有了突破，這將解決世界上更多人的吃飯問題。breakthrough通常用作可數(shù)名詞。makeabreakthrough突破，攻破；feed養(yǎng)活；為及物動(dòng)詞。7．IfimmigrantsaregiventherighttostayinBritain,somesayitwouldbring________upto￡1billioninextrataxrevenue.答案：in句意：有些人說，如果允許移民待在英國，會給英國帶來高達(dá)10億英鎊的額外稅收。bringin賺得(錢)，符合題意。8．Thedatafromthesatellitewasenoughforthecomputermodeltofigure________thatthetsumamiwassmallerandlessdestructive.答案：out句意：電腦根據(jù)衛(wèi)星傳來的數(shù)據(jù)足以弄清楚這次海嘯威力會小些，也不會有那么大的毀滅性。figureout計(jì)算，推斷。9．(·揚(yáng)州高一檢測改編)Themajorityofpeopleinthetownstrongly________theplantobuildaplaygroundforchildren.答案：support句意：城鎮(zhèn)中多數(shù)人非常支持給孩子們修建操場這個(gè)計(jì)劃。support支持，擁護(hù)，維持。10．—Thefilmis,Ihavetosay,notabitinteresting.—Why?It's________interestingthanthefilmsIhaveeverseen.答案：farmore考查形容詞的比較級。句意：——我不得不說這部電影真的沒有意思?！獮槭裁?？它比我以前看過的所有電影都有意思。根據(jù)第二句中Why？可以看出第二個(gè)人與第一個(gè)人的態(tài)度相反，也就是說他對這部電影持肯定態(tài)度，故答案為farmore。Ⅳ.閱讀理解AEarlyintheautumnof1674,HenryOldenburg,secretaryoftheRoyalSocietyinLondon,receivedanextraordinaryletter.SentbyAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,adraper(布料商)fromDelftintheNetherlands,itcontainedanunlikely-soundingclaim.Usingamicroscopeofhisowninvention,vanLeeuwenhoekhadseentinycreatures,invisibletothenakedeye,livinginlakewater.Someofthese“animalcules(微生物)”weresosmall,andhelaterestimatedthat30millionofthemwouldstillbesmallerthanagrainofsand.RoyalSocietyfellowscouldn'tbelieveit.Evenwithhismostpowerfulinstruments,thecelebratedEnglishmicroscopistRobertHookehadneverobservedanythinglikethelittlecreatures.Infact,theDutchmanhaddevelopedfarsuperiorlensestoHooke's,andhaddiscoveredbacteriaandprotozoans(原生動(dòng)物).Byproducingevensmallerandmorecurvedlenses—usingatechniquethathekeptsecret—vanLeeuwenhoekwasabletomagnifyobjectsupto500times.Aswellasdiscoveringmicro－organisms,hewasthefirsttoseeredbloodcells.In1677,vanLeeuwenhoeksenttheSocietyfurtheranimalculeobservations.Hookeeventuallyimprovedhisownmicroscopestothepointwherehe,too,couldseethetinycreatures.ThreeyearslatervanLeeuwenhoekwasmadeafellow.Itwasnotuntil1890，morethan160yearsaftervanLeeuwenhoek'sdeath,thatbacteriawerelinkedwithdiseases.“ReadingvanLeeuwenhoek'sletters,youverymuchgettheimpressionofsomebodydazzled(眩暈的)bywhathewasfinding，”saysLesleyRobertson,leaderofthearchivesatDelftUniversity'sschoolofmicrobiology.“Hethoughthe'dfoundawholenewworld—buthecertainlyneverpickedupontheconnectionwithillness.”語篇解讀：本文是記敘文。全文講述了布料商出身的AntonivanLeeuwenhoek發(fā)明了自己的顯微鏡。他的發(fā)明使得發(fā)現(xiàn)更小、更清晰的事物成為可能，這為把細(xì)菌與疾病聯(lián)系起來奠定了基礎(chǔ)。1．WhatdidAntonivanLeeuwenhoekseewithhisownmicroscope?A．Aletter.B．Bacteriaandprotozoans.C．Smallanimalsinthewater.D．Theelementofwater.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。聯(lián)系下文“infact，theDutchmanhaddevelopedfarsuperiorlensestoHooke's，andhaddiscoveredbacteriaandprotozoans.”可知，荷蘭人已經(jīng)通過改良的鏡片發(fā)現(xiàn)了細(xì)菌和原生動(dòng)物，AntonivanLeeuwenhoek通過自己的顯微鏡看到的tinycreatures就是細(xì)菌和原生動(dòng)物。2．Fromthepassagewecansee________.A．vanLeeuwenhoekknewthetinycreaturesinthewaterhadsomethingtodowithillnessB．vanLeeuwenhoekwasthefirsttodiscoverbacteriaC．vanLeeuwenhoekwasthefirsttousethemicroscopeD．vanLeeuwenhoekwasthefirsttoknowhowtoobservebacteriaandprotozoans答案：C推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，盡管荷蘭人也看到細(xì)菌和原生動(dòng)物，但是他們使用的是改進(jìn)后的鏡片，而不是顯微鏡，因此C正確。A有一定的干擾性，聯(lián)系文章最后一句可知，他并沒有把觀察到的細(xì)菌和原生物與疾病聯(lián)系到一起。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“magnify”inthefourthparagraphmean?A．Toclearaway.B．Toimprove.C．Tocollect.D．Tomakelarge.答案：D詞義猜測題。聯(lián)系全文他改進(jìn)自己的顯微鏡以及后文的“upto500times”可知，他的顯微鏡能把物體放大500倍，因此得出答案。4．Fromthelastparagraphwecansee，whenAntonivanLeeuwenhoeksawthetinycreatures,invisibletothenakedeye，livinginlakewater,________.A．hewasoverexcitedB．heknewhefollowedsomeoneelse'sdiscoveryC．hewasabitdisappointedD．hisdiscoverywastoleadaconnectionbetweenbacteriaandillness答案：A推理判斷題。聯(lián)系最后一段的“ReadingvanLeeuwenhoek'sletters,youverymuchgettheimpressionofsomebodydazzledbywhathewasfinding，”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)他對自己的發(fā)明是極度興奮的。BDoyousupposeDarwin,oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltimes,reallydidfools'experiments?Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?Sometimes,peoplethinktheyalreadyknowtheanswertoaquestionorthesolutiontoaproblem.Sometimes,theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution,butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant.CharlesDarwindidn'tsettlefor(滿足于)justthinkingheknewsomething.And,hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace,theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatightlittleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets,Whathappens?Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn'tbeworthanything.Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.Itexplainspartofourpresentdayunderstandingsofphysics,ideasthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.Andtheseunderstandingsset_asidesomeofancientGreekphysics.Scientistssometimestoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkisfoolish,canshakethefoundationsofscience.語篇解讀：有些問題的答案人們已經(jīng)知曉，但人們沒有想過這個(gè)問題是多么重要，偉大的科學(xué)家CharlesDarwin總要通過做實(shí)驗(yàn)來弄懂事情的來龍去脈。5．ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin________.A．wasagreatEnglishscientistB．a(chǎn)lwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficultC.thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportantD.didn'tgetwellwithothers答案：C推理判斷題。短文并沒有說CharlesDarwin是哪個(gè)國家的科學(xué)家，可排除A；由第二段可知?jiǎng)e人認(rèn)為Darwin的許多實(shí)驗(yàn)不值得做，可把B排除；文中沒有論述Darwin與別人相處的事情，可排除D。由第三段第二句中“hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtohe”可推出答案C。6．Theunderlinedphrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans“________”．A．throwaway B．storeupC．puttouse D．realize答案：A詞義猜測題。由上文可知作者認(rèn)為做這個(gè)簡單實(shí)驗(yàn)是重要的，它解釋了目前人們對于物理方面的理解。因此這些理解當(dāng)然是推翻了一些希臘古典物理學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)。由此可推知setaside與throwaway同義。7．Theauthorofthepassagetriesto________.A．convinceusthatCharlesDarwin.GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworldB．drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethingsC．provethattwosheetsofpaper,withthesamesizeandshape,willfallatthesamespeedD．drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus答案：D主旨大意題。短文的最后一段點(diǎn)明最簡單的事情都可能動(dòng)搖科學(xué)的根基，意在告訴讀者要留意身邊的每一件事，哪怕它非常簡單。8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Darwinreallydidfools'experiments.B．Accordingtosomepeople,Darwindidfoolishexperiments.C．Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportantthoughtheyseemedtobesimple，D．GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。短文第一段第二句“Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish？”明確告訴我們，有些人認(rèn)為Darwin做了愚蠢的實(shí)驗(yàn)。Ⅴ.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?！救珖抡n標(biāo)卷題型】Gandhi,anIndiannationalhero,washonored__1__thefatheroftheIndiannation.HehasbeenrespectedandbelovedbytheIndians.HewasborninIndiain1869.Followingthelocalcustom,hegot__2__(marry)attheageof13.In1888hesailedtoEngland,__3__hestudiedlawforthreeyearsandbecamealawyer.OnhisreturntoIndia,hewassenttoSouthAfricatoworkonalawcase.InSouthAfricahe__4__(surprise)tofindthattheproblemofracialdiscrimination(種族歧視)wasserious.Thereheformedanorganizationandstartedamagazinetofight__5__equalrights.GandhireturnedtoIndiain1915，__6__IndiawascontrolledbytheBritish.HeledtheIndianstofightforanendtotheBritishruleand__7__(depend)forhiscountry.InthepoliticalmovementmanyIndiansincludingGandhiwereputinprison.__8__，thestrugglesneverstopped.TheBritishgovernmenthadtogive__9__andIndiawonitsindependencein1947.__10__(fortunate)GandhiwasshotbyanIndianwhoopposedhisviewsanddiedonJanuary30th,1948.1．______2.______3.______4.______5.______6．______7.______8.______9.______10.______答案：1．a(chǎn)sas在此處為介詞，意為“作為”。2．marriedgetmarried結(jié)婚。3．wherewhere引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾England。4．wassurprised此處缺少的是謂語動(dòng)詞，所以用besurprised表示人的感受。5．forfightfor為……而戰(zhàn)。6．whenwhen在此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾前面出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間。7．independence此處應(yīng)該用名詞形式，與前面的anend共同做fightfor的賓語。8．However