高中英語譯林版選修一：Unit 2 Period 3　Grammar and usage-Verb-ing forms as subjects and objects

Period3Grammarandusage—Verb-ingformsassubjectsandobjects認(rèn)真閱讀下列句子，感悟加黑部分在句中所作的成分并完成方框下面的小題。1．IlovelearningaboutcountrymusicandIkeepaskingthemquestionsaboutitallthetime!2．Playingtheqinwashislife.3．Heplayedsowellthateveryoneenjoyedlisteningtohismusicandthoughthighlyofhistechniques.4．WhenBoyacontinuedplaying，ZhongZiqisaidhehadheardthesoundofariverflowingquickly.5．HavingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusicpleasedBoya，whonevergottiredofsharinghismusicwithZhongZiqi.1．句1中的learningabout和asking在句中作賓語。2．句2中的playingtheqin在句中作主語。3．句3中的listeningto在句中作賓語。4．句4中的playing在句中作賓語。5．句5中的Havingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusic在句中作主語，sharing在句中作介詞of的賓語。一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，多表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式，其被動(dòng)形式為beingdone。Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大聲朗讀是學(xué)習(xí)語言的一種好方法。Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.不給予足夠的贊揚(yáng)和給予太多(贊揚(yáng))一樣有害。Beingpraisedbyhisteachersmadehimregainhisconfidence.被老師表揚(yáng)使他重獲自信。疑難點(diǎn)津(1)意義不同的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式并列作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Paintingandcollectingstampsarehishobbies.畫畫和收集郵票是他的愛好。(2)不定式作主語表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。Singingismyhobby，andtosingatmyfriend’sbirthdaypartyismydream.唱歌是我的愛好，在朋友的生日宴會(huì)上唱歌是我的夢(mèng)想。2．形式主語it代替v.-ing形式作主語。此類句式常見的有：It’sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。It’suseless/worthwhiledoingsth.做某事是沒用/值得的。It’snogood/use/fundoingsth.做某事沒好處/沒用/沒意思。Itisnousewaitingforotherpeopletomakedecisionsforyou.等待別人為你做決定是沒有用的。Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchastubbornpersontojoinus.勸說如此固執(zhí)的一個(gè)人加入我們是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Justasthesayinggoes，itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.俗話說：覆水難收。3．動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)的兩種形式：(1)形容詞性物主代詞＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式；(2)名詞(有生命的名詞)’s＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式。Theirfailingintheexaminationmadethemallverydisappointed.考試失敗使他們都很失望。Mary’scominghereintimemadeeveryonepresenthappy.瑪麗的及時(shí)到來讓在場(chǎng)的每一個(gè)人都很高興。二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語1．常接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語)appreciate(欣賞)，consider(考慮)，delay(推遲)，avoid(避免)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，miss(錯(cuò)過)，mean(意味著)，resist(抗拒)，risk(冒險(xiǎn))，suggest(建議)，mind(介意)，escape(避開)，admit(承認(rèn))，allow(允許)，giveup(放棄)，insiston(堅(jiān)決要求)，feellike(想要)，beusedto(習(xí)慣于)，leadto(導(dǎo)致)，lookforwardto(期待，盼望)等。Hegotwell-preparedfortheinterview，forhecouldn’trisklosingthegoodopportunity.他為這次面試做好了準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)樗荒苊半U(xiǎn)失去這一良機(jī)。Doyoumindpassingmethatdictionary?你把那本詞典遞給我好嗎？Ihavebeenlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.我一直盼望著收到你的來信。Shecan’tstandbeinglookeddownuponinpublic.(被動(dòng)形式beingdone也可作賓語)她忍受不了當(dāng)眾被人看不起。2．作介詞的賓語動(dòng)詞-ing形式位于介詞之后，構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中作定語或狀語。Thesemeasureshavecreatedconditionsforraisingtheoutputofsteel.這些措施為提高鋼的產(chǎn)量創(chuàng)造了條件。Oneneverlosesbydoingagoodturn.[諺]行善者絕無一失。Afterlookingathiswatch，hehurriedtothestation.看了看表后，他匆忙趕往車站。Hewouldneverthinkofgivingupthisproject.他決不會(huì)考慮放棄這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。3．在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式作介詞的賓語，介詞常省略spend...(in)doingsth花費(fèi)……做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth做……有困難/麻煩stop/prevent...(from)doingsth阻止……做某事wastetime(in)doingsth浪費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事bebusy(in)doingsth忙于做某事haveagood/hardtime(in)doingsth高興做某事/費(fèi)力做某事Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth做某事毫無意義。Heisalwaysbusyworkingeveryday，whichhasmadehimhavelittletimetoplaywithhischild.他每天總是忙于工作，這使他很少有時(shí)間和孩子一起玩。Nowthatwehavefinishedourwork，thereisnopointstayinganylonger.既然我們已經(jīng)完成了工作，再待下去就沒有意義了。4．有些動(dòng)詞(短語)后跟不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語均可，但含義不同。常見的有：動(dòng)詞賓語的形式意義forgettodo忘記做……doing忘記做過……remembertodo記著要去做……doing記得做過……regrettodo遺憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo盡力做……doing嘗試做……meantodo打算做……doing意味著……goontodo接著做(另外一件事)doing接著做(同一件事)stoptodo停下來去做……doing停止做……Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.請(qǐng)記著代我向你的家人問好。Istillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍記得第一次參觀博物館的情景。5．下列動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedoneThebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這輛自行車需要修理。6．動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語作賓語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的肯定形式為：eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(名詞/名詞的所有格,代詞賓格/形容詞性物主代詞))＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式Wouldyoumindmy/meclosingthewindow?你介意我關(guān)上窗戶嗎？WouldyoumindMary’s/Maryclosingthewindow?你介意瑪麗關(guān)上窗戶嗎？疑難指津動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式為：形容詞性物主代詞/代詞(賓格)/名詞/名詞的所有格＋notdoing...。閱讀下面短文，用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Inmoderntimes,1.learning(learn)Englishisamustforeveryone.WecanlearnEnglishinmanyways，oneofwhichisthatwecanlearnitby2.enjoying(enjoy)someEnglishfilmsandsongs.Anotherwayisthatwecanpractise3.saying(say)Englishinourdailylives.Wecanspendoneortwohours4.communicating(communicate)withotherseveryday.Thatistosay，aforeignlanguageneeds5.practising/tobepractised(practise)frequentlytobemastered.Ⅰ.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1．Thesymphonycomposedbythefamouscomposerdeserveshearing/tobeheard(hear)．2．Assoonastheyarrivedatthefarm，theygotdowntopicking(pick)peaches.3．WildcampingisillegalinEngland.Toavoidbeingcaught(catch)，theWinnshadtogettheirtentuplateandpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.4．Haveyouforgottenborrowing(borrow)1,000yuanfrommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremembertobring(bring)ittomorrow?5．Hedidn’tmindher(she)crying，whichmadetheirrelationshipfallapart.6．Beingbrought(bring)upinapoorfamilymadeTomveryhard-workingwhenhewasveryyoung.7．TravellingalongtheoldSilkRoadis(be)aninterestingandrewarding(有益的)experience.8．Hecouldn’thelpweeping(weep)whenenjoyingtheblues.9．Keepinmindthatitisnogoodreciting(recite)withoutunderstanding.10．Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehadwalking(walk)homeinthesnowstorm.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Itisawasteoftimequarrelingwithsomeonelikeyou.和你這種人吵架就是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。2．Myson’slivinguptomyexpectationreallymademeproud.我兒子能達(dá)到我的期望真的讓我很自豪。3．Toeveryoneofus，beingadmittedtoPekingUniversityisagreathonor.對(duì)我們每個(gè)人來說，被北京大學(xué)錄取是一個(gè)很大的榮譽(yù)。4．Thechildren’slovingnaturecaninspiretheirlovefortheirfamilymembers.孩子對(duì)大自然的熱愛能激起他們對(duì)家庭成員的愛。5．Notknowinghowtoswimcanputyouindangerwhenyousuddenlyfindyourselfinwater.當(dāng)你突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在水里時(shí)，不知道如何游泳會(huì)使你處于危險(xiǎn)之中。Ⅲ.閱讀理解(2023·浙江溫州十校聯(lián)合體高二上期中)Doyoulistentomusicatthegym?Today，mostgym-goersliketowearhead-phonesandlistentoself-selectedmusicwhilethey’redoingexercise.Whydosongsfrompersonalizedplaylistsseemtoincreasemotivationandmakeintenseexercisemoreenjoyablewhensomeoneiswalkingorjogging?Basedonpracticalexperience，arecentstudyprovidesnewevidencethatlisteningtomusicwhilerunningonatreadmill(跑步機(jī))fightswithmentaltirednessandimprovesperformance.Accordingtoanewsrelease，thisstudyis“thefirsttoinvestigatetheeffectoflisteningtomusicplaylistsonlong-distancerunningcapacityandperformancewhenmentallytired”．ThesefindingswerepublishedonlineaheadofprintonJune22.Forthisstudy，researchersfromtheUniversityofEdinburghhadagroupofexperiencedrunnersdoahigh-intensity5-kilometretreadmillrunwithandwithoutself-selectedmotivationalmusicafterthey’dperformedaseriesofcognitive(認(rèn)知的)examsdesignedtoputtheminamentallytiredstate.Theresearchersfoundthat“l(fā)isteningtoself-selectedmusicinamentallytiredstatereducesthenegativeimpactofmentaltirednessontheirrunningcapacityandperformance，potentiallyduetochangedperceptionofeffortwhenlisteningtomusic”．“Mentaltirednessisacommonoccurrenceformanyofusandcannegativelyimpactmanyofourday-to-dayactivities，includingexercise.Findingsafeandeffectivewaystoreducethisnegativeimpactis，therefore，useful，”ShaunPhillipsofEdinburgh’sMorayHouseSchoolsaidinthenewsrelease.“Thefindingsindicatethatlisteningtopersonalizedmotivationalmusicmaybeausefulstrategytohelpactivepeopleimprovetheirendurancerunningcapacityandperformancewhenmentallytired，”headded.“Thispositiveimpactofself-selectedmusiccouldhelppeopletobetterkeepthequalityandbeneficialimpactoftheirexercisesessions.”語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了在跑步時(shí)聽具有個(gè)性化的音樂可以幫助人們對(duì)抗精神疲勞，提高表現(xiàn)。1．What’sthefunctionofthequestionsinparagraph1?A．Tomakeacomparison.B．Toleadinthetopic.C．Tomakeaprediction.D．Toaskforinformation.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Basedonpracticalexperience，arecentstudyprovidesnewevidencethatlisteningtomusicwhilerunningonatreadmill(跑步機(jī))fightswithmentaltirednessandimprovesperformance.”可推知，第一段提出的問題是為了引入本文所要討論的話題——跑步時(shí)聽音樂可以對(duì)抗精神疲勞，提高表現(xiàn)。故選B。2．Whatwastakenintoconsiderationintheexperimentdesign?A．Runners’cognitivelevels.B．Runners’mentalstates.C．Runners’runningability.D．Runners’musicpreference.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Forthisstudy，researchers...inamentallytiredstate.”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)是在跑步者精神狀態(tài)疲憊的情況下進(jìn)行的。由此可知，設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)考慮了跑步者的精神狀態(tài)。故選B。3．WhydoestheauthorquoteShaunPhillips’wordsinthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Todescribetheexperimentalprocess.B．Toexplorewaystoenhancesportsperformance.C．Tofurtherclarifytheresultofthefinding.D．Toexplaintheharmfuleffectsofmentaltiredness.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Theresearchersfoundthat‘listeningtoself-selectedmusic...whenlisteningtomusic’．”可推知，最后兩段引用ShaunPhillips說的話是為了進(jìn)一步闡明研究結(jié)果。故選C。4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Personalizedmusicmakesrunnerslesstired.B．Motivationalmusiccheersrunnersup.C．Self-selectedmusicmaintainslifequality.D．Self-selectedmusictreatsmentalillnesses.答案A解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段可知，本文主要介紹了在跑步時(shí)聽具有個(gè)性化的音樂可以幫助人們對(duì)抗精神疲勞，提高表現(xiàn)，即個(gè)性化音樂讓跑步者不那么疲憊。故選A。Ⅳ.完形填空Itwasinspring,1968.Iwasstandingbesidearoadhopingsomeonecouldgivemea1.Iwasheadingbacktocampusthatwasmilesawayandwasconsidering2.Manydriverssloweddownandthen3afterhavingalookatme.Ididn’t4them.Whywouldtheypickupabearded，long-hairedstranger？Mylifewasvery5.Ifeltatalossincollege.Iconsideredpackingupmybelongingswhenreturningtomy6.Twohourspassed.Finallyacar7.Itoldthedrivermydestination.“ThecollegeinOneonta？That’s8.Getin，”hesaid.“I’mAaron.Thisismywife，Sylvia.”“I’mDave，ajunior，”Isaid.AaronaskedwhatIwas9incollege.“History，”Isaid.“Secondaryeducation.”“Soyou’llbeateacher，”hesaid.Inodded.“10！”hesaidexcitedly.Iwassurprisedbyhisreaction.SylviaexplainedAaron’sdreamwastobeateacher.11，hecouldn’taffordcollegeschooling.Sohereally12me.Aaronaskedaboutmycollegelife.Ipaintedapositivepictureofmy13.Forthefirsttime，Isawmyfutureinfrontofme—tobeagoodteacher.Igotaclear14.Thankstothecouple，Igaveuptheideaofdiscontinuingmystudiesandfinally15asuccessfulteachingcareer.語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的大學(xué)生活很糟糕，想輟學(xué)，結(jié)果讓他搭便車的一對(duì)夫婦很羨慕他將來能當(dāng)老師，他感覺自己的前途有了目標(biāo)，放棄了輟學(xué)的念頭，最終開始了一段成功的教學(xué)生涯。1．A.direction B．chanceC．lift D．job答案C解析direction方向；chance機(jī)會(huì)；lift電梯，搭便車；job工作。根據(jù)第二段中“Manydriverssloweddownandthenafterhavingalookatme.”以及第三段中“Whywouldtheypickupabearded，long-hairedstranger？”可知，作者想搭便車。故選C項(xiàng)。2．A.walkingforward B．droppingoutC．movingback D．checkingin答案B解析walkforward向前走；dropout退學(xué)；moveback后退；checkin報(bào)到。根據(jù)文章最后一句中“Thankstothecouple，Igaveuptheideaofdiscontinuingmystudies”可知，作者想退學(xué)。故選B項(xiàng)。3．A.left B．stoppedC．laughed D．escaped答案A解析leave離開；stop停止；laugh大笑；escape逃脫。根據(jù)后文“Whywouldtheypickupabearded，long-hairedstranger？”可知，很多司機(jī)看了作者一眼就離開了。故選A項(xiàng)。4．A.trust B．forgetC．know D．blame答案D解析trust信任；forget忘記；know知道；blame責(zé)怪。根據(jù)前文“Whywouldtheypickupabearded，long-hairedstranger？”可知，作者理解這些司機(jī)，所以不去責(zé)怪他們。故選D項(xiàng)。5．A.messy B．simpleC．ordinary D．healthy答案A解析messy凌亂的，混亂的；simple簡單的；ordinary普通的；healthy健康的。根據(jù)后文“Ifeltatalossincollege.”可知，作者在大學(xué)里不知所措，所以生活應(yīng)該是很混亂的。故選A項(xiàng)。6．A.home B．campC．dorm D．office答案C解析home家；camp營地；dorm宿舍；office辦公室。由上文語境可知，作者想要退學(xué)，所以考慮回學(xué)校宿舍收拾行李。故選C項(xiàng)。7．A.pulledover B．wentbackC．passedby D．brokedown答案A解析pullover靠邊停車；goback回去；passby路過；breakdown發(fā)生故障。根據(jù)后文“Itoldthedrivermydestination.”可知，這輛汽車靠邊停車了。故選A項(xiàng)。8．A.unheard B．multipleC．uncompleted D．distant答案D解析unheard前所未聞的；multiple數(shù)量多的；uncompleted未完成的；distant遙遠(yuǎn)的，遠(yuǎn)處的。根據(jù)前文“Itoldthedrivermydestination.”和司機(jī)說的“ThecollegeinOneonta？...Getin”可知，此處指的是距離“遠(yuǎn)的”。故選D項(xiàng)。9．A.teaching B．majoringinC．challenging D．worryingabout答案B解析teach教學(xué)；majorin主修；challenge挑戰(zhàn)；worryabout擔(dān)心。根據(jù)后文作者的回答“History”可知，他問作者在大學(xué)主修什么專業(yè)。故選B項(xiàng)。10．A.Surprising B．FantasticC．Boring D．Terrible答案B解析surprising令人吃驚的；fantastic棒極了；boring無聊的；terrible糟糕的。根據(jù)后文“hesaidexcitedly”以及“SylviaexplainedAaron’sdreamwastobeateacher.”可知，司機(jī)在贊美作者未來的教師職業(yè)。故選B項(xiàng)。11．A.Instead B．OtherwiseC．However D．Therefore答案C解析instead代替，反而；otherwise否則；however然而；therefore因此。前文“SylviaexplainedAaron’sdreamwastobeateacher.”和后文“hecouldn’taffordcollegeschooling”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用However。故選C項(xiàng)。12．A.hated B．supportedC．pitied D．a(chǎn)dmired答案D解析hate憎恨；support支持；pity可憐；admire羨慕，欽佩。由上文語境可知，因?yàn)樽髡咭院竽墚?dāng)老師，Aaron很羨慕作者。故選D項(xiàng)。13．A.sufferings B．careerC．experiences D．future答案C解析suffering痛苦；career職業(yè)；experience經(jīng)歷；future未來。根據(jù)前文“Aaronaskedaboutmycollegelife.”可知，Aaron問作者關(guān)于他的大學(xué)生活，所以此處指作者描繪自己的生活經(jīng)歷。故選C項(xiàng)。14．A.goal B．a(chǎn)chievementC．reality D．suggestion答案A解析goal目標(biāo)；achievement成就；reality現(xiàn)實(shí)；suggestion建議。根據(jù)前文“Forthefirsttime，Isawmyfutureinfrontofme—tobeagoodteacher.”可知，作者未來要做個(gè)好老師，所以有了明確的目標(biāo)。故選A項(xiàng)。15．A.missed B．startedC．offered D．ruined答案B解析miss思念，錯(cuò)過；start開始；offer提供；ruin毀滅。根據(jù)前文“IgaveuptheideaofdⅤ.語法填空Earthquake-proof(抗震的)BuildingsThereareanumberofways1.buildingscanbemadestrongenoughtostanduptoearthquakes.Thesimplestwayistomakethemmuch2.(strong)．A