2019年北京市高考英語試卷

絕密★啟用前2021年北京市高考英語試卷試卷副標(biāo)題考試范圍：xxx；考試時(shí)間：100分鐘；命題人：xxx題號(hào)一二三四五六總分得分考前須知：1．答題前填寫好自己的姓名、班級(jí)、考號(hào)等信息2．請將答案正確填寫在答題卡上第I卷〔選擇題)請點(diǎn)擊修改第I卷的文字說明評卷人得分一、完形填空Regardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow-incomestudentsinhisneighbourhoodarriveattheircollegeclassesontime.Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWilsonhasbeen1freeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.Sincehefirststarted2hiscartotheyoungpeople.Wilsonhas3anastonishing64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorous4withthestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.Thestudentswhohe’s5havegoneontobecomephysicians,teachersandengineers,butwhatthey’vealsogotoutoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudents6callhim“Grandpa〞.TinaStern7ridesfromWilsonforallherfouryearsincollege,andthetripsmeantmuchmoretoherthanjustfree8.“It’snotjustaride;you’renotjustsittingtherein9silenceorwithyourheadphoneson.〞Sternsaid.“Heasksyouquestionsandactually10theanswers,sothenexttimeyouridewithhim,he’ll11thosethings.〞Wilsonfirstworkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeofthenon-profitorganisation.OnPointforCollege.Althoughthe12asksthemembersonlytodrivestudentstoandfromtheirclasses,Wilsonoftengoes13toensurethewelfareandsafetyofthestudents.Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration,Wilsonisthereto14them.Iftheyrunoutofcertaindailynecessities,Wilsonwilldrivetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat’sneeded.Ifastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonnever15tobuythemameal.Formanystudents,Wilson’shelpisnotonlyappreciated,it’salsoentirely16forthemtobeabletocompletetheircollegeeducation.Somestudentsdon’thaveareliablecar,whileothershaveto17vehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.Forthem,ridingwithWilsonhas18themtocompletetheireducation—butaccordingtoWilson,hebenefitsjustasmuchfromthe19.“IjustlovedrivingandIlovethesekids,〞Wilsonsaid.“It’ssucha(n)20tobeapartofthesekids’lives,evenjustforafewhours,gettingtoknowthemandhearingtheirstories.〞1．A．linkingB．sendingC．offeringD．distributing2．A．donatingB．lendingC．deliveringD．volunteering3．A．pavedB．coveredC．measuredD．wandered4．A．a(chǎn)rgumentsB．interviewsC．negotiationsD．conversations5．A．metB．drivenC．a(chǎn)ddressedD．greeted6．A．evenB．everC．onceD．a(chǎn)lready7．A．earnedB．receivedC．a(chǎn)ssessedD．demanded8．A．transportationB．styleC．timeD．communication9．A．forcedB．a(chǎn)wkwardC．ridiculousD．suspicious10．A．selectsB．recitesC．guessesD．remembers11．A．a(chǎn)ctonB．settleonC．checkonD．a(chǎn)greeon12．A．clubB．leagueC．collegeD．programme13．A．farB．a(chǎn)roundC．beyondD．forwards14．A．a(chǎn)ssistB．watchC．urgeD．warn15．A．expectsB．a(chǎn)ttemptsC．managesD．hesitates16．A．extraB．unusualC．necessaryD．a(chǎn)dequate17．A．shareB．fuelC．repairD．exchange18．A．requiredB．a(chǎn)llowedC．remindedD．convinced19．A．experienceB．a(chǎn)rrangementC．a(chǎn)ppreciationD．employment20．A．effortB．a(chǎn)mbitionC．privilegeD．convenience【答案】1．C2．D3．B4．D5．B6．A7．B8．A9．B10．D11．C12．D13．C14．A15．D16．C17．A18．B19．A20．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章表達(dá)了76歲的PaulWilson八年來一直免費(fèi)接送低收入的學(xué)生上學(xué)的感人事跡。1．考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.linking連接；B.sending寄送；C.offering提供；D.distributing分配。根據(jù)第一段可知，PaulWilson確保低收入的學(xué)生按時(shí)到達(dá)學(xué)校。由此可以推知，該句應(yīng)指：Wilson給那些學(xué)生提供免費(fèi)的乘車效勞。故C選項(xiàng)正確。2．考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.donating捐獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)；B.lending借出；C.delivering發(fā)表，投遞；D.volunteering自愿。根據(jù)上文中的“freerides〞可知，Wilson是主動(dòng)自愿將自己的汽車提供應(yīng)那些學(xué)生的。故D選項(xiàng)正確。3．考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.paved鋪設(shè)，安排；B.covered行走，覆蓋；C.measured測量，判斷；D.wandered徘徊，漫步。Wilson讓那些學(xué)生免費(fèi)搭車，迄今他已經(jīng)行程64,000英里。表示“行走一段路程〞，應(yīng)用cover。故B選項(xiàng)正確。4．考查名詞辨析。A.arguments爭論；B.interviews接見，采訪；C.negotiations談判；D.conversations談話。Wilson在接送學(xué)生們上下學(xué)的過程中，和學(xué)生之間有愉快幽默的“談話，交談〞，故D選項(xiàng)正確。5．考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.met遇見；B.driven駕車，開車；C.addressed演說；演講；向……說話；D.greeted問候，迎接。根據(jù)上文可知，Wilson每天接送那些學(xué)生，這些學(xué)生現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為了物理學(xué)家，教師，工程師等。該空應(yīng)該對應(yīng)上一句中的“hetransportstoandfromschool〞，drive意為“駕車送〔人〕〞。故B選項(xiàng)正確。6．考查副詞辨析。A.even甚至；B.ever永遠(yuǎn)，曾經(jīng)；C.once一次，曾經(jīng)；D.already已經(jīng)。這些學(xué)生將Wilson當(dāng)作他們的偶像和朋友，有的甚至稱他為“爺爺〞。該空表示遞進(jìn)，故A選項(xiàng)正確。7．考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.earned賺得；B.received接受；C.assessed評估；D.demanded要求。根據(jù)后面的介詞from可以推知，TinaStern從Wilson那兒收到免費(fèi)的乘車時(shí)機(jī)。故B選項(xiàng)正確。8．考查名詞辨析。A.transportation運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送；B.style風(fēng)格，類型；C.time時(shí)間，次數(shù)；D.communication交流。對TinaStern來說，這些行程不僅僅只是免費(fèi)的運(yùn)送而已。故A選項(xiàng)正確。9．考查形容詞辨析。A.forced強(qiáng)迫的；B.awkward為難的，笨拙的；C.ridiculous可笑的；D.suspicious可疑的，疑心的。Tina說：“那不僅僅是坐車而已。你并不只是坐在那兒，陷入令人為難的沉默中，也不是戴著耳麥坐在那兒。〞坐在車?yán)铮舜瞬唤徽?，只是沉默，這當(dāng)然是令人為難的。故B選項(xiàng)正確。10．考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.selects選擇；B.recites背誦；C.guesses猜想；D.remembers記住，記得。每次坐車的時(shí)候，Wilson會(huì)問這些學(xué)生問題，然后記住答案。故D選項(xiàng)正確。11．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A.acton對……起作用；B.settleon定居，決定；C.checkon檢查，核實(shí)；D.agreeon對……取得一致意見。在坐車的時(shí)候，Wilson會(huì)問這些學(xué)生問題，然后記住答案。下一次這些學(xué)生再坐車的時(shí)候，Wilson會(huì)檢查上次提到的這些東西。該句指的是在乘車期間，Wilson會(huì)利用這個(gè)時(shí)機(jī)了解考查學(xué)生們的學(xué)習(xí)情況。故C選項(xiàng)正確。12．考查名詞辨析。A.club俱樂部；B.league聯(lián)盟，社團(tuán)；C.college大學(xué)；D.programme工程，方案。Wilson最初通過一個(gè)非盈利組織OnPointforCollege的一個(gè)工程作了一名司機(jī)。該工程只要求它的成員們接送孩子們上下學(xué)。根據(jù)上句中的“student-supportprogramme〞可知，D選項(xiàng)正確。13．考查副詞辨析。A.far遠(yuǎn)地；B.around到處；C.beyond更遠(yuǎn)處，超過；D.forwards向前。結(jié)合下文中提到的“Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration,Wilsonisthereto____them.Iftheyrunoutof…Ifastudentgetshungry…〞可知，Wilson的所作所為超過了該工程的要求。故C選項(xiàng)正確。14．考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.assist幫助；B.watch觀看；C.urge強(qiáng)烈要求；D.warn警告。如果孩子們在登記方面有問題，Wilson會(huì)去幫助他們〔解決相關(guān)的問題〕。故A選項(xiàng)正確。15．考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.expects期望；B.attempts試圖；C.manages經(jīng)營，設(shè)法；D.hesitates猶豫。從上文舉的例子可知，該局部都表達(dá)的是Wilson對孩子們的幫助。因此該處應(yīng)指：當(dāng)孩子們在上下學(xué)的途中餓了的時(shí)候，Wilson都會(huì)馬上給他們?nèi)ベI吃的，從未猶豫過。故D選項(xiàng)正確。16．考查形容詞辨析。A.extra額外的；B.unusual不尋常的；C.necessary必需的；D.adequate充足的，適當(dāng)?shù)?。根?jù)下文中“Somestudentsdon’thaveareliablecar,whileothers…Forthem,ridingwithWilsonhas____themtocompletetheireducation〞可以推知，對于那些乘車有困難的學(xué)生來說，乘坐Wilson的車對于他們完成大學(xué)教育來說是必需的。故C選項(xiàng)正確。17．考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.share分享；B.fuel加燃料；C.repair修理；D.exchange交換。有的學(xué)生沒法得到可靠的汽車，有的學(xué)生必須和他們一周工作六天的家長共用車輛。表示“共用〞，需用share。故A選項(xiàng)正確。18．考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.required需要；B.allowed允許；C.reminded提醒，使想起；D.convinced說服，使信服。乘坐Wilson的汽車使得他們可以完成大學(xué)教育。表示“允許某人做某事，使某人能夠做某事〞應(yīng)該用allowsb.todosth.。故B選項(xiàng)正確。19．考查名詞辨析。A.experience經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)；B.arrangement安排；C.appreciation欣賞，感謝；D.employment雇用，使用。Wilson認(rèn)為自己從接送學(xué)生們上學(xué)的“經(jīng)歷〞中受益頗多。A選項(xiàng)正確。20．考查名詞辨析。A.effort努力；B.ambition雄心，志向；C.privilege榮幸，特權(quán)，優(yōu)待；D.convenience方便，便利。Wilson認(rèn)為自己從接送學(xué)生們上學(xué)的“經(jīng)歷〞中受益頗多。在這個(gè)過程中，他認(rèn)識(shí)了這些學(xué)生，聽到他們的故事，他認(rèn)為這是自己的“榮幸〞，故C選項(xiàng)正確。評卷人得分二、閱讀理解Wanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?YoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA).Whateverstageoflifeyou’reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity(社區(qū)).Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneedvolunteermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity’saccesstosafedrinkingwater,orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho’llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes:CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.—1Aug.20Jun.—7Aug.Egypt24Jul.—20Aug.19Jun.—6Aug.Kenya20Jul.—16Aug.18Jun.—5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.—29Aug.15Jun.—2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:Website:Email:21．Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?A．Toseeklocalpartners.B．Totakeinyoungvolunteers.C．Tocarryoutprogrammes.D．Tofosterculturalawareness.22．TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein________.A．EgyptB．AlgeriaC．KenyaD．SouthAfrica23．ThesharedgoalofGDA’sprojectsto________.A．explorenewculturesB．protecttheenvironmentC．gaincorporatebenefitD．helpcommunitiesinneed【答案】21．C22．D23．D【解析】【分析】本文是一那么廣告。GlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA)致力于積極的改變貧窮和偏遠(yuǎn)的社區(qū)，在這里能探索新的文化，結(jié)識(shí)新朋友，同時(shí)做一些有價(jià)值的事。文章為GDA招募志愿者并介紹了今年夏天的具體工程。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問管理人員的主要職責(zé)是什么。根據(jù)第三段中Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincrease...,orhelptoproject....Youmightalsodesign...可知，根據(jù)崗位不同，管理人員可以幫助增加小區(qū)的飲用水，可以規(guī)劃地方文化，可以設(shè)計(jì)挑戰(zhàn)工程培訓(xùn)年輕的志愿者，從這些內(nèi)容上可以判斷出其主要職責(zé)是執(zhí)行工程方案。應(yīng)選C。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問八月份開始的這個(gè)工程將在哪里開展。根據(jù)這個(gè)表格中4-weekprogrammes中的最后一個(gè)SouthAfrica2Aug—29Aug，可知八月在南非開始，答案選D。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問GDA的所有工程的共同目的是什么。根據(jù)第一段you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity.和倒數(shù)第二段中Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities可知，其目標(biāo)就是促進(jìn)偏遠(yuǎn)貧窮區(qū)域的開展，即幫助有需要的社區(qū)。應(yīng)選D。AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者),whoinMay2021setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids’teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan’tsaynotoit?〞Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad’spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessofftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore’sproduct—CanCandy.AsCanCandy’ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore’scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe’salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile,withherparents’help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilicCandy’sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.24．HowdidMoorereacttoherdad’swarning?A．Shearguedwithhim.B．Shetriedtofindawayout.C．Shepaidnoattention.D．Shechosetoconsultdentists.25．WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?A．Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.B．Itisfreeofsweeteners.C．Itissweeterthanothercandies.D．Itisproducedtoadentists’recipe.26．WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A．Toearnmoremoney.B．Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C．Tomakeherselfstandout.D．Tobeatothercandycompanies.27．WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore’sstory?A．Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B．Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C．Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D．Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied【答案】24．B25．A26．B27．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了AliceMoore，一個(gè)年輕有為的創(chuàng)業(yè)者的故事，故事告訴我們：積極的思考和行動(dòng)會(huì)帶來成功。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan’tsaynotoit?〞及下文她想方設(shè)法最終制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知，她對父親的警告的反響是：她試圖找到一條出路，解決問題。應(yīng)選B。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.可知，這種糖只使用天然甜味劑，可以減少口腔細(xì)菌，因此它對牙齒有利。應(yīng)選A。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.可知，Moore想用她獨(dú)特的才能幫助其他人找到自己的笑容。應(yīng)選B。27．推理判斷題。文章主要講述了Moor的創(chuàng)業(yè)故事，她之所以能成功，源于面對問題和困難時(shí)，她樂觀地看待問題，積極地想方設(shè)法去解決問題。因此，通過她的故事讓我們懂得積極的思考和行動(dòng)會(huì)帶來成功。應(yīng)選C。Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺詐).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions〞(解決方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.That’sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(處理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming〞youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.28．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?A．Panicked.B．Confused.C．Embarrassed.D．Disappointed.29．Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammercan________.A．a(chǎn)imatvictimspreciselyB．damagedatabaseseasilyC．startcampaignsrapidlyD．spreadinformationwidely30．Whatdoesthepassageimply?A．Honestyisthebestpolicy.B．Technologiescanbedouble-edged.C．Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D．Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.31．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB．WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC．WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD．HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology【答案】28．D29．A30．B31．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章指出語音操作與自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)使得機(jī)器人可以以假亂真，欺詐現(xiàn)象更加嚴(yán)重，解決這個(gè)問題需要運(yùn)營商和消費(fèi)者共同努力。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions〞(解決方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.可知，我們認(rèn)識(shí)到了問題的嚴(yán)重性，支持和開發(fā)了旨在防止欺詐者通過的工具、應(yīng)用程序和方法，。不幸的是，我們的努力太少了，也太晚了。在這些“解決方案〞被廣泛使用的時(shí)候，騙子將轉(zhuǎn)移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者認(rèn)為這些“解決方法〞對于解決問題起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望〞。故D選項(xiàng)正確。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming〞youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.可知，機(jī)器人通話之所以令人頭痛，與其說與數(shù)量有關(guān)，不如說與精確度有關(guān)。長達(dá)十年的個(gè)人信息泄露已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了這樣一種情況：騙子可以輕易地知道你母親的名字，甚至更多。有了這些知識(shí)，他們就能夠開展有針對性的活動(dòng)來欺騙人們。根據(jù)這些可知，利用這種新的技術(shù)，欺詐者們可以精確確實(shí)定他們行騙的目標(biāo)。故A選項(xiàng)正確。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.可知，這項(xiàng)語音技術(shù)可以產(chǎn)生一個(gè)聽起來和人類非常相似的聲音，它可以和接待員進(jìn)行交談，進(jìn)行預(yù)訂。由此可知，這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)有其好的方面。根據(jù)第三段的表達(dá)可知，欺詐者們可以利用這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)來進(jìn)行欺詐行為。由此推知，這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)既可以發(fā)揮好的作用，也可能為壞人所利用，產(chǎn)生不好的影響，因此可以說它是一把雙刃劍。故B選項(xiàng)正確。31．主旨大意題。第一段提到：robocalls〔機(jī)器人：自動(dòng)撥號(hào)播放錄音信息的推銷〕在未來變得會(huì)越來越嚴(yán)重，不僅僅是出現(xiàn)在你的屏幕上的號(hào)碼令人疑心，而且你會(huì)質(zhì)疑聽到的聲音是否是真的。第二段介紹原因：語音操作與自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)使得機(jī)器人可以以假亂真。第三段介紹了語音操作和自動(dòng)化技術(shù)開展會(huì)使得機(jī)器人產(chǎn)生的問題更加嚴(yán)重。最后兩段提出我們該如何應(yīng)對這些問題。綜上，文章第一段點(diǎn)明文章中心：機(jī)器人問題在未來會(huì)變得越來越嚴(yán)重。下文都是圍繞這一話題展開的。故C選項(xiàng)適合作標(biāo)題。Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.〞shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.〞Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.〞Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,〞Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.〞32．Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A．Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B．Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C．Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D．Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable〞inParagraph3probablymean?A．Sensitive.B．Beneficial.C．Significant.D．Unnoticeable.34．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B．Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C．Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D．Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.35．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B．Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C．Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D．Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.【答案】32．B33．A34．D35．C【解析】【分析】本文為一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)最新研究說明，由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。這一現(xiàn)象的原因是因?yàn)橐环N叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因?yàn)楣饩€反射的作用，它們在海洋外表形成了五顏六色的圖案，現(xiàn)在浮游植物受到海洋變暖趨勢的影響，讓浮游植物的生長更加旺盛，所以海洋相應(yīng)會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。32．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，一項(xiàng)新的研究說明，到本世紀(jì)末，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。結(jié)合第二段Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.可知，這種現(xiàn)象的核心是一種叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光線的作用下在海洋外表形成了五顏六色的圖案。海洋的顏色從綠色到藍(lán)色不等，這取決于海洋的類型和浮游植物濃度。由此可推斷出這兩段主要表達(dá)了海洋生物是海洋顏色變化的原因。應(yīng)選B。33．猜想詞義題。根據(jù)劃線詞后的Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.可知，氣候變暖會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征，并會(huì)影響浮游植物的生長。由此可判斷，浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢的影響，也就是很敏感。故A項(xiàng)正確。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.可知，Dutkiewicz的模型預(yù)測，目前只有少量浮游植物的藍(lán)色區(qū)域可能會(huì)變得更藍(lán)。但是在一些水域，比方北極，氣候變暖會(huì)使浮游植物的生長條件更加成熟，而這些水域會(huì)變得更綠了。由此可推斷，浮游植物的生長條件更加成熟，浮游動(dòng)植物就更多了，這些水域會(huì)變得更綠了。故D項(xiàng)正確。35．主旨大意題。第一段提出文章的主旨Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，一項(xiàng)新的研究說明，到本世紀(jì)末，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠，接下來詳細(xì)講述了原因。故C項(xiàng)正確。第II卷〔非選擇題)請點(diǎn)擊修改第II卷的文字說明評卷人得分三、語法填空閱讀以下短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I36．(voice)mybiggestconcerntomymother.“HowwillImakefriends?〞Shehandedmeadvice.“Beyourself.〞Forthepast20years,Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously37．(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto38．(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself〞.【答案】36．voiced37．facing38．myself【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。作者在一年級(jí)的第一天，對交友感到困惑，媽媽的建議Beyourself〔做自己〕讓作者受益良多。36．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我向媽媽表達(dá)了我最大的擔(dān)憂，“我將如何交朋友？〞此處的voice是動(dòng)詞，“表達(dá)〞的意思，作謂語。表達(dá)的是一年級(jí)的事情，用一般過去時(shí)。故填voiced。37．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：緊張地面對挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對自己說兩個(gè)簡單的字“Beyourself〞。分析句式可知，此處是作句子的狀語，要用非謂語動(dòng)詞，其邏輯主語是I，與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填facing。38．考查代詞。句意：緊張地面對挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對自己說兩個(gè)簡單的字“Beyourself〞。本句的主語是I，當(dāng)賓語與主語是同一人稱時(shí)，賓語要用反身代詞。故填myself。閱讀以下短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。EarthDay,39．(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated40．1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地區(qū)).Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious41．(activity)onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.【答案】39．marked40．in41．a(chǎn)ctivities【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了地球日這一節(jié)日的歷史和意義。39．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：地球日于4月22日舉行，是一項(xiàng)旨在提高公眾環(huán)保意識(shí)的年度活動(dòng)。分析句式可知，設(shè)空處是要作名詞EarthDay的后置定語，且兩者之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過去分詞。故填marked。40．考查介詞。句意：第一次慶祝是在1970年。如今，這一天的活動(dòng)普及190多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)。在年份前要用介詞in。故填in。41．考查名詞。句意：無論你喜歡做什么，有一個(gè)方法可以讓你參與地球日的各種活動(dòng)。根據(jù)設(shè)空前的修飾詞various可知，此處要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填activities。閱讀以下短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Doesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?Researchonthequestion42．(suggest)that,formoststudents,itdoesn’t.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan43．theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose44．a(chǎn)retotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(資源).Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand45．(meaning)collegeexperience.【答案】42．suggests/suggested/hassuggested43．where44．who/that45．meaningful【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。研究說明，大學(xué)的名氣對學(xué)生來說并不重要，從大學(xué)生活中受益最多的是完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活，充分利用大學(xué)時(shí)機(jī)和資源的學(xué)生。所以要以正確的態(tài)度來選擇大學(xué)。42．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：對于這個(gè)問題的研究說明，對于大多數(shù)學(xué)生來說，它不重要。這里表示研究的客觀結(jié)果，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)均可，故填suggests/suggested/hassuggested。43．考查賓語從句。句意：學(xué)生在大學(xué)里做什么似乎比去哪里〔哪所大學(xué)〕更重要。這里表達(dá)去哪所大學(xué)，表示地點(diǎn)，作狀語。故用where。44．考查定語從句。句意：從大學(xué)中獲益最多的學(xué)生是那些完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活的學(xué)生。___3___aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，空格處在句中作主語，代指人，故填who或that。45．考查形容詞。這里與前面的healthy并列，修飾后面的名詞collegeexperience，故此處也要用形容詞。故填meaningful。評卷人得分四、七選五Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisaccomplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.46．Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?47．Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))theiractions.48．Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam’sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,“ThereisnoIinTEAM.〞49．Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam