外刊改編語(yǔ)法填空題Day+87-Day+88- 高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

原創(chuàng)外刊改編語(yǔ)法填空題打卡Day87Twowayswecanfeedtheworldin2050Asourglobalpopulationcontinuestorise,someestimatessuggestitcouldreachawhopping10billionpeopleby2050.Tofeedthatmanypeople,wewillneedtoproducerecordquantitiesoffood.Overthepastsixmonths,I_____1_____(travel)alloverEuropespeakingto_____2_____(pioneer)scientistsandengineers,globalthoughtleaders,savvyretailersandofcourse,knowledgeable,resilientfarmers,fortheBBCWorldNewsandBBCFutureseries,FollowtheFood.Theaimistoexamineatruck-loadofissuesaroundfoodsupplyandfindsomepotentialsolutionsforourfuture.Thismuch-neededtransformation–ofnotjustagriculture_____3_____ourwholefoodsupplychain–isalreadyunderway.Herearetwosolutionsthatcouldhelpusgetreadytofeedthe10billion.CreatingrobotfarmersBeforeyouscreamatyourscreenaboutrobotstakingourjobs,hearmeout.Manyfarmerssaythattimeinthefieldisnotonlyrepetitiveandboring,butrobsthem_____4_____timetheycouldbespendingonotherkeyjobstheyneedtodotomanagetheirbusiness.TheSmallRobotCompanyhascreatedthreesmallrobots:Tom,DickandHarry.Tomtakesgeotaggedimagesofplantsinthefiel,whicharesentbackforanalysis.ThatleadstoDick_____5_____(venture)outtospray–with_____6_____(precise)–individualcrops,eliminatingtheneedforblanketsprayingfields,andavoidingunnecessarypollutingrun-offandsavingresources.Harryistheplantingrobot,completewith_____7_____roboticdrill.Together,theycarryoutthemonotonoustasks_____8_____(convention)donebyahuman–withgreateraccuracyandlesswaste.PreservingpreciousdirtOnereasonwhysmall,mobilerobotscouldbegoodnewsforfarmingis_____9_____theycanreplacealotoftheworkdonebylargetraditonaltractors.Ordinarytractorsareheavy.Whentheyrollacrossthefield,theycompactthesoil.Thatcrushesthegapsinside,reducingthesizeoftheporesthatholdairandwater.Thiscompactionsignificantlyaffectsthesoil’sabilitytoholdontowaterandsoacrop’sability_____10_____(take)thatup,alongwiththenutrients.Usingsmaller,lighterrobotstodothejobscurrentlyperformedbytractorscouldhugelyhelpreducetheseissues.Now,asmallrobotcan’tpulllarge,heavymachinerylikeatillerorcultivator.Butthey’renotlookingtosimplyrepeattraditionalfarmingmethods.Twowayswecanfeedtheworldin2050Asourglobalpopulationcontinuestorise,someestimatessuggestitcouldreachawhopping10billionpeopleby2050.Tofeedthatmanypeople,wewillneedtoproducerecordquantitiesoffood.Overthepastsixmonths,Ihavetravelled(travel)alloverEuropespeakingtopioneering(pioneer)scientistsandengineers,globalthoughtleaders,savvyretailersandofcourse,knowledgeable,resilientfarmers,fortheBBCWorldNewsandBBCFutureseries,FollowtheFood.Theaimistoexamineatruck-loadofissuesaroundfoodsupplyandfindsomepotentialsolutionsforourfuture.Thismuch-neededtransformation–ofnotjustagriculturebutourwholefoodsupplychain–isalreadyunderway.Herearetwosolutionsthatcouldhelpusgetreadytofeedthe10billion.CreatingrobotfarmersBeforeyouscreamatyourscreenaboutrobotstakingourjobs,hearmeout.Manyfarmerssaythattimeinthefieldisnotonlyrepetitiveandboring,butrobsthemoftimetheycouldbespendingonotherkeyjobstheyneedtodotomanagetheirbusiness.TheSmallRobotCompanyhascreatedthreesmallrobots:Tom,DickandHarry.Tomtakesgeotaggedimagesofplantsinthefiel,whicharesentbackforanalysis.ThatleadstoDickventuring(venture)outtospray–withprecision(precise)–individualcrops,eliminatingtheneedforblanketsprayingfields,andavoidingunnecessarypollutingrun-offandsavingresources.Harryistheplantingrobot,completewitharoboticdrill.Together,theycarryoutthemonotonoustasksconventionally(convention)donebyahuman–withgreateraccuracyandlesswaste.PreservingpreciousdirtOnereasonwhysmall,mobilerobotscouldbegoodnewsforfarmingisthattheycanreplacealotoftheworkdonebylargetraditonaltractors.Ordinarytractorsareheavy.Whentheyrollacrossthefield,theycompactthesoil.Thatcrushesthegapsinside,reducingthesizeoftheporesthatholdairandwater.Thiscompactionsignificantlyaffectsthesoil’sabilitytoholdontowaterandsoacrop’sabilitytotake(take)thatup,alongwiththenutrients.Usingsmaller,lighterrobotstodothejobscurrentlyperformedbytractorscouldhugelyhelpreducetheseissues.Now,asmallrobotcan’tpulllarge,heavymachinerylikeatillerorcultivator.Butthey’renotlookingtosimplyrepeattraditionalfarmingmethods.2050年養(yǎng)活100億人口的兩種方法隨著全球人口數(shù)量持續(xù)增加，有人預(yù)計(jì)2050年全球總?cè)丝诳蛇_(dá)100億。要讓這么多人都吃飽飯，我們的食物產(chǎn)出量就要達(dá)到歷史新高。在過(guò)去的六個(gè)月里，我走遍了整個(gè)歐洲，與前沿科學(xué)家和工程師、全球意見(jiàn)領(lǐng)袖、精明的零售商、當(dāng)然還有學(xué)識(shí)淵博且堅(jiān)韌的農(nóng)民聊天，為英國(guó)廣播公司（BBC）國(guó)際新聞（WorldNews）以及未來(lái)（Future）專欄的節(jié)目——《跟隨食物的腳步》（FollowtheFood）做準(zhǔn)備。這么做是為了檢視許多與食品供應(yīng)相關(guān)的問(wèn)題，并為我們的未來(lái)尋找一些可能的解決方案。這種人們迫切需要的轉(zhuǎn)變，即農(nóng)業(yè)乃至整個(gè)食品供應(yīng)鏈的轉(zhuǎn)變，已經(jīng)在進(jìn)行中了。以下五種方法或許可以幫助我們做好養(yǎng)活100億人的準(zhǔn)備。開(kāi)發(fā)務(wù)農(nóng)機(jī)器人在你對(duì)著屏幕大吼機(jī)器人搶走人類飯碗之前，請(qǐng)先聽(tīng)我講完。許多農(nóng)民表示，坐在拖拉機(jī)上在農(nóng)田里耗上好幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間，不僅重復(fù)及無(wú)聊，還剝奪了他們?cè)究梢杂脕?lái)處理更重要的工作以打理生意的時(shí)間。小型機(jī)器人公司（SmallRobotCompany）已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)了三款小型機(jī)器人：湯姆（Tom）、迪克（Dick）和哈利（Harry）。湯姆拍攝帶有地理標(biāo)記的田間植物圖像，然后發(fā)回分析。隨后迪克出動(dòng)，負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)特定作物進(jìn)行農(nóng)藥精準(zhǔn)噴灑，進(jìn)而免去地毯式噴灑的需要，避免不必要的徑流污染，并能節(jié)約資源。哈利則是播種機(jī)器人，配合機(jī)械鉆完成工作。這三個(gè)機(jī)器人可以一起完成原本由人類負(fù)責(zé)的單調(diào)工作，而且準(zhǔn)確率更高，還減少了浪費(fèi)。保護(hù)珍貴的土壤農(nóng)用小型移動(dòng)式機(jī)器人的潛在優(yōu)勢(shì)之一在于他們可以取代許多由傳統(tǒng)大型拖拉機(jī)完成的工作。普通的拖拉機(jī)非常沉重，在滾過(guò)田地的時(shí)候會(huì)壓實(shí)土壤。這會(huì)破壞土壤中的空隙，減少儲(chǔ)存空氣和水分的孔隙大小。土壤被壓實(shí)很大程度上影響了土壤儲(chǔ)存水分的能力，進(jìn)而影響作物對(duì)水分和營(yíng)養(yǎng)的吸收。使用更小、更輕的機(jī)器人完成原本由拖拉機(jī)完成的工作有助于減少此類問(wèn)題的發(fā)生。小型機(jī)器人雖然不能拖動(dòng)翻土機(jī)、犁田機(jī)等大型重機(jī)械，但發(fā)明輕型農(nóng)耕機(jī)器人的目的本就不是為了簡(jiǎn)單地重復(fù)傳統(tǒng)的務(wù)農(nóng)方法。生詞積累whoppingadj.巨大的；天大的；異常的pioneeringadj.首創(chuàng)的，先驅(qū)的；有開(kāi)創(chuàng)者特點(diǎn)的resilientadj.（人或動(dòng)物）對(duì)困境有承受力的，有復(fù)原力的repetitiveadj.重復(fù)乏味的；多次重復(fù)的geotaggedadj.（為照片等）添加地理位置標(biāo)記的venturev.敢于去（未知或危險(xiǎn)等地方）；冒險(xiǎn)；小心地說(shuō)，謹(jǐn)慎地做precisionn.精確（性），準(zhǔn)確（性）；嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，細(xì)致eliminatev.剔除，根除；對(duì)……不予考慮，把……排除在外monotonousadj.單調(diào)乏味的，毫無(wú)變化的；無(wú)抑揚(yáng)頓挫的compactv.壓緊，壓實(shí)；縮短，精簡(jiǎn)cultivatorn.耕者；栽培者；耕田機(jī)原創(chuàng)外刊改編語(yǔ)法填空題打卡Day88Howdoesanearthquakeoccur?Earthquake,anysuddenshakingofthegroundcausedbythepassageof

seismicwaves

throughEarth’srocks.SeismicwavesareproducedwhensomeformofenergystoredinEarth’scrustissuddenlyreleased,usuallywhenmassesofrockstrainingagainstoneanothersuddenlyfractureand“slip.”Earthquakesoccurmostoftenalonggeologic

faults,narrowzones_____1_____rockmassesmoveinrelationtooneanother.Themajorfaultlinesoftheworldarelocatedatthefringesofthehugetectonicplates

thatmakeupEarth’scrust.About50,000earthquakeslargeenough_____2_____(notice)withouttheaidofinstrumentsoccurannuallyovertheentireEarth.Ofthese,approximately100areofsufficientsizetoproducesubstantialdamageiftheircentresarenearareasofhabitation.Verygreatearthquakesoccur_____3_____averageaboutonceperyear.Overthecenturies,they_____4_____(be)responsibleformillionsofdeathsandanincalculableamountofdamagetoproperty.Earth’smajorearthquakesoccurmainlyinbeltscoincidingwiththemarginsoftectonicplates.Thishaslongbeenapparentfromearlycatalogsoffeltearthquakesandiseven_____5_____(ready)discernibleinmodernseismicitymaps,whichshowinstrumentallydetermined

epicentres.ThemostimportantearthquakebeltistheCircum-PacificBelt,whichaffectsmanypopulatedcoastalregionsaroundthePacificOcean—forexample,thoseofNewZealand,NewGuinea,Japan,theAleutianIslands,Alaska,andthewesterncoastsofNorthandSouthAmerica.

NaturalforcesEarthquakesarecausedbythesuddenreleaseofenergywithinsomelimitedregionoftherocksoftheEarth.Theenergycanbereleasedbyelasticstrain,gravity,chemicalreactions,oreventhemotionof_____6_____(mass)bodies.Ofallthesethereleaseofelasticstrainisthemostimportantcause,becausethisformofenergyistheonlykindthatcanbestoredinsufficientquantityintheEarthtoproducemajordisturbances.Earthquakesassociatedwiththistypeofenergyrelease_____7_____(call)

tectonicearthquakes.VolcanismAseparatetypeofearthquakeisassociatedwithvolcanicactivityandiscalledavolcanicearthquake.Yetitislikelythateveninsuchcasesthedisturbanceistheresultof_____8_____abruptslipofrockmassesadjacenttothevolcanoandtheconsequentreleaseofelasticstrainenergy.Thestoredenergy,however,mayinpartbeofhydrodynamicoriginduetoheatprovidedby

magma

movinginreservoirsbeneaththevolcanoortothereleaseofgasunderpressure.ArtificialinductionEarthquakesaresometimescausedbyhumanactivities,includingtheinjectionoffluidsintodeepwells,thedetonationoflargeundergroundnuclearexplosions,theexcavationofmines,andthefillingoflargereservoirs.Inthecaseofdeepmining,theremovalofrockproduceschangesinthestrainaroundthetunnels.Sliponadjacent,preexistingfaultsoroutwardshatteringofrockintothenewcavitiesmayoccur.Influidinjection,theslipisthoughttobeinducedbyprematurereleaseofelasticstrain,asinthecaseoftectonicearthquakes,afterfaultsurfacesarelubricatedbytheliquid.ReservoirinductionOfthevariousearthquake-causingactivitiescitedabove,thefillingoflargereservoirsisamongthemostimportant.Morethan20significantcaseshavebeendocumentedinwhichlocalseismicityhasincreasedfollowingtheimpoundingofwaterbehindhighdams.Often,causalitycannotbesubstantiated,becausenodataexiststoallowcomparisonofearthquake_____9_____(occur)beforeandafterthereservoirwasfilled.Reservoir-inductioneffectsaremostmarkedforreservoirs_____10_____(exceed)100metres(330feet)indepthand1cubickm(0.24cubicmile)involume.

Howdoesanearthquakeoccur?Earthquake,anysuddenshakingofthegroundcausedbythepassageof

seismicwaves

throughEarth’srocks.SeismicwavesareproducedwhensomeformofenergystoredinEarth’scrustissuddenlyreleased,usuallywhenmassesofrockstrainingagainstoneanothersuddenlyfractureand“slip.”Earthquakesoccurmostoftenalonggeologic

faults,narrowzoneswhererockmassesmoveinrelationtooneanother.Themajorfaultlinesoftheworldarelocatedatthefringesofthehugetectonicplates

thatmakeupEarth’scrust.About50,000earthquakeslargeenoughtobenoticed(notice)withouttheaidofinstrumentsoccurannuallyovertheentireEarth.Ofthese,approximately100areofsufficientsizetoproducesubstantialdamageiftheircentresarenearareasofhabitation.Verygreatearthquakesoccuronaverageaboutonceperyear.Overthecenturies,theyhavebeen(be)responsibleformillionsofdeathsandanincalculableamountofdamagetoproperty.Earth’smajorearthquakesoccurmainlyinbeltscoincidingwiththemarginsoftectonicplates.Thishaslongbeenapparentfromearlycatalogsoffeltearthquakesandisevenmorereadily(ready)discernibleinmodernseismicitymaps,whichshowinstrumentallydetermined

epicentres.ThemostimportantearthquakebeltistheCircum-PacificBelt,whichaffectsmanypopulatedcoastalregionsaroundthePacificOcean—forexample,thoseofNewZealand,NewGuinea,Japan,theAleutianIslands,Alaska,andthewesterncoastsofNorthandSouthAmerica.

NaturalforcesEarthquakesarecausedbythesuddenreleaseofenergywithinsomelimitedregionoftherocksoftheEarth.Theenergycanbereleasedbyelasticstrain,gravity,chemicalreactions,oreventhemotionofmassive(mass)bodies.Ofallthesethereleaseofelasticstrainisthemostimportantcause,becausethisformofenergyistheonlykindthatcanbestoredinsufficientquantityintheEarthtoproducemajordisturbances.Earthquakesassociatedwiththistypeofenergyreleasearecalled(call)

tectonicearthquakes.VolcanismAseparatetypeofearthquakeisassociatedwithvolcanicactivityandiscalledavolcanicearthquake.Yetitislikelythateveninsuchcasesthedisturbanceistheresultofanabruptslipofrockmassesadjacenttothevolcanoandtheconsequentreleaseofelasticstrainenergy.Thestoredenergy,however,mayinpartbeofhydrodynamicoriginduetoheatprovidedby

magma

movinginreservoirsbeneaththevolcanoortothereleaseofgasunderpressure.ArtificialinductionEarthquakesaresometimescausedbyhumanactivities,includingtheinjectionoffluidsintodeepwells,thedetonationoflargeundergroundnuclearexplosions,theexcavationofmines,andthefillingoflargereservoirs.Inthecaseofdeepmining,theremovalofrockproduceschangesinthestrainaroundthetunnels.Sliponadjacent,preexistingfaultsoroutwardshatteringofrockintothenewcavitiesmayoccur.Influidinjection,theslipisthoughttobeinducedbyprematurereleaseofelasticstrain,asinthecaseoftectonicearthquakes,afterfaultsurfacesarelubricatedbytheliquid.ReservoirinductionOfthevariousearthquake-causingactivitiescitedabove,thefillingoflargereservoirsisamongthemostimportant.Morethan20significantcaseshavebeendocumentedinwhichlocalseismicityhasincreasedfollowingtheimpoundingofwaterbehindhighdams.Often,causalitycan