高中英語北師大版必修三UNIT 7 Period 7　Focus on Language-Noun Clauses

Period7FocusonLanguage—NounClauses感知以下句子，并完成方框下面的練習(xí)。1．VanGoghpaintedwhathesawfromhiswindow...2．However，thefactremainsthatTheStarryNightisnowoneoftheworld’smostfamouspaintings.3．Whatmakesitstrikingisthatitshowsathinfigurewithanexpressionoffear...4．Whatisstrangeisthatabovethehouseandthetree，weseeadaytimeskyfullofbrightnessandsoftwhiteclouds.5．Somefeelthatthepaintingslookdarkandtroubling.1．句1是：賓語從句；2．句2是：表語從句；3．句3是：主語從句；表語從句；4．句4是：主語從句；表語從句；5．句5是：賓語從句。在句子中起名詞作用的句子被稱為名詞性從句(NounClauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句，本單元重點講解前三種從句。名詞性從句常用的引導(dǎo)詞：①從屬連詞：that，whether，if(連接作用，不作成分)；②連接代詞：who(ever)，what(ever)，which(ever)，whom(ever)(作主語、賓語、表語等名詞性成分)；③連接副詞：how(ever)，where(ever)，when(ever)，why(作狀語)。名詞性從句的語序：名詞性從句一律用陳述語序。一、主語從句主語從句是指在句中作主語的從句，位置與陳述句的主語相同。若主語部分結(jié)構(gòu)較長，可以使用形式主語it，而把真正的主語從句放在后面。Whetherthedramawillbeputonisnotcertainnow.這部戲劇是否會被上演現(xiàn)在不能確定。Howthebookwillbesolddependsonitsauthor.這本書如何銷售取決于其作者。Whichpatterntheywillchoosemakesnodifference.他們選擇哪種圖案都無所謂。Thatshewilldowellinherexamiscertain.＝Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.她在考試中會取得好成績，這是確定無疑的。注意：it作形式主語的主語從句主語從句中以it作形式主語的四種常用句型：1．It＋不及物動詞或短語動詞的適當(dāng)形式＋從句Ithappensthat...碰巧……Ithasturnedoutthat...結(jié)果是……Ithappenedthattheharvestwasbadthatyear.恰好那年收成不好。2．It＋be＋及物動詞的過去分詞＋從句Itissaidthat...據(jù)說……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報道……Itisbelievedthat...人們認(rèn)為……Itishopedthat...大家希望……Itissaidthatthemiddle-agedmanhassufferedalotoffailures.據(jù)說，這個中年人遭受過很多次失敗。3．It＋be＋形容詞＋從句Itisnecessarythat...……有必要Itisclearthat...……很清楚Itis(un)likelythat...……很(不太)可能Itisimportantthat...……很重要Itisnecessarythatweshouldbeequippedwithsomeprofessionalskills.我們應(yīng)該用專業(yè)技能武裝自己，這是必要的。4．It＋be＋名詞＋that從句適用于該句型的名詞(詞組)有：apity，anhonor，agoodthing，afact，asurprise，one’sduty等。Itisapitythatyoumissedsuchafunnycomedylastweek.很遺憾上周你錯過了那么好笑的一部喜劇片。二、賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句被稱為賓語從句。賓語從句可分為三類，動詞后的賓語從句、介詞后的賓語從句和形容詞后的賓語從句。形容詞后跟賓語從句的用法只限于少數(shù)動態(tài)形容詞，如sure(確信)，certain(肯定的)，afraid(擔(dān)心的)，confident(有把握的)等。若賓語部分結(jié)構(gòu)較長，可使用形式賓語it，而把真正的賓語從句置于后面。Everyoneknowsthattheearthismadeupofmatter.每個人都知道地球是由物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的。IsthereanythingwrongwithwhatIsaid?我所說的有錯誤之處嗎？Thesetwoareasaresimilarinthattheybothhavehighrainfallinsummer.這兩個地區(qū)的相似之處在于夏天降水都很多。I’mnotcertainwhethertheywillstruggleforabetterlife.我不確定他們是否會為了更好的生活而奮斗。Ifinditstrangethatshedoesn’twanttogo.她居然不想去，我覺得奇怪。注意：賓語從句一般用陳述語氣，但是，當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為advise，insist(堅決主張)，suggest(建議)，require，request，order等表示請求、命令、要求、主張的動詞時，從句謂語要用虛擬語氣，即用“should＋動詞原形”(should可以省略)。Sheinsistedthatwe(should)gototheexhibitionwithher.她堅決要求我們和她一起去看展覽。三、表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語，出現(xiàn)在連系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語＋連系動詞＋表語從句”。可接表語從句的連系動詞有be，look，remain，seem，sound等。Thequestioniswhetherhecouldcomposesuchnicemusicwithintwodays.問題是他是否能在兩天之內(nèi)創(chuàng)作出那么好的音樂。Youlookasifyousleptbadly.你看上去仿佛沒睡好覺。Thefactremainsthatwearestillnotadvancedenough.事實是我們?nèi)耘f不夠先進(jìn)。注意：1．表語從句實際上是對主語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，從句表達(dá)的是主語的內(nèi)容。Thefactisthatheoftenfeelstensewhileheisonthestage.事實是他在臺上時經(jīng)常感到緊張。2．主句的主語是名詞advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等時，表語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)consideralltheaspectsbeforemakingadecision.我的建議是我們在做決定前應(yīng)考慮到所有方面。3．because，why引導(dǎo)的表語從句。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(This/Thatiswhy...這/那是……的原因,This/Thatisbecause...這/那是因為……))Hefailed.Thatisbecausehedidn’tworkhard.他失敗了。那是因為他沒有努力工作。Hedidn’tworkhard.Thatiswhyhefailed.他沒有努力工作。那是他失敗的原因。4．主句主語為reason時，表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞要用that，一般不用why或because。Thereasonforsuchaseriousaccidentisthatthedriverwasdrunk.發(fā)生如此嚴(yán)重的一起事故的原因是司機(jī)喝醉了。四、名詞性從句要注意的難點1．用whether而不用if的情況(1)引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時；(2)引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句時；(3)引導(dǎo)詞與ornot連用時；(4)引導(dǎo)詞后接todo時；(5)有些動詞如leave，put，discuss，decide等后的賓語從句。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldholdameeting.我們討論了是否應(yīng)該舉行會議。Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.這取決于我們是否有足夠的時間。Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.我不知道這份報告是不是真的。2．that與what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別that在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，也沒有含義；what可以在從句中作主語、表語、賓語，意思是“……的事情，什么樣的”。Thathefailedinthetestagainreallypuzzledus.他又一次沒通過考試，這真讓我們感到迷惑不解。(that在主語從句中不作成分，不可以省略)Thesephotographswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.這些照片將向你展示我們村的面貌。(what在賓語從句中作介詞like的賓語)3．wh-與wh-ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別連接詞what，which，who分別表示“……的東西或事情”“哪一個”“誰”，表示疑問含義；而whatever，whichever，whoever分別相當(dāng)于anythingthat，any...that，anyonewho，意為“無論……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)一切情況。試比較：Whatyouchoosetowearshouldbeclean.你選擇穿的衣服應(yīng)該是干凈的。Whateveryouchoosetowearshouldbeclean.無論你選擇穿什么衣服，都應(yīng)該是干凈的。完成下列語段，盡可能多地使用名詞性從句。據(jù)報道，今天早上羅馬街街角出事故了。當(dāng)時沒有人看到究竟發(fā)生了什么事。誰將對這次事故負(fù)責(zé)仍在調(diào)查中。警察現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該做的是盡快查明什么導(dǎo)致了這次事故?；蛟S原因是司機(jī)太累了而沒能及時停車。那位司機(jī)不承認(rèn)拐彎時超速了。警察懷疑他所說的是否屬實，決定進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步調(diào)查。1．ItwasreportedthattherewasanaccidentatacorneroftheRomanStreetthismorning.Noonesaw2.whatonearthhappenedthen.3.Whowillberesponsiblefortheaccidentisstillunderinvestigation.4.Whatthepoliceshoulddonowistofindout5.whatledtotheaccident.Perhapsthereasonwas6.thatthedriverwastootiredtostopthecarintime.Thedriverdidn’tadmit7.thathewasoverspeedingattheturning.Thepolicedoubted8.whetherwhathesaidwastrueanddecidedtomakeafurtherinvestigation.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．I’dliketohaveatalkwithwhoeverisinchargeofthecompany.2．Richardswimsthreetimesaweekafterwork.Thisishowhekeepsfit.3．Ithappenedthattheyoungmanwascoveringtheaccidentatthattime.4．Infact，itdependedonwhethertheywouldagreetoourplanornot.5．Thathehadgivenuphisjobreallymadeallofusverysurprisedthatday.6．Shemadeitclearthatshewouldn’tleavehercompanyuntilshewas60.7．Itisnecessarythateachcitizen(should)dosomethingtosaveenergy.8．Hissuggestionisthatweshouldn’trespondtotheemailsfromsomestrangers.9．Thedoctorinsistedthattheinjuredboy(should)beoperated(operate)onatonce.10．Whatmadetheschoolproudwasthatover90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.Ⅱ.單句寫作1．讓她生氣的是，她的兒子又一次考試不及格。Whatmadeherangrywasthathersonfailedtheexamagain.2．據(jù)說這位教授已經(jīng)成功地完成了這個實驗。Itissaidthattheprofessorhasalreadysucceededincarryingoutthisexperiment.3．你想象不到他們在收到這份精美的禮物時有多么激動。Youcan’timaginehowexcitedtheywerewhentheyreceivedthenicepresent.4．他已明確表示他與這件事無關(guān)。Hehasmadeitclearthathehasnothingtodowiththematter.5．我遲到的原因是我在半路上遇到了交通堵塞。ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatIhadbeen/gotcaughtinatrafficjamonthehalfway.6．問題是我們怎樣才能弄到那么多錢來進(jìn)行我們的項目。Theproblemishowwecangetsomuchmoneytocarryonourproject.7．她不明白的是為什么對她的課感興趣的學(xué)生越來越少了。Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwaswhyfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.8．他們怎樣處理了那些用過的材料，現(xiàn)在仍舊是個秘密。Howtheyhavedealtwiththeusedmaterialsremainsasecretnow.Ⅲ.閱讀理解Artandsciencemayseemlikeoppositethings.Onemeansthecreativeflowofideas，andtheothermeanscold，harddata—somepeoplebelieve.Infact，thetwohavemuchincommon.Now，astudyfindsartcanhelpstudentsrememberbetterwhattheylearnedinscienceclass.MarialeHardiman，aneducationspecialist，noticedthatstudentswhousedartintheclasslistenedmorecarefully.Theymightaskmorequestions.Theymightvolunteermoreideas.What’smore，studentsseemedtoremembermoreofwhattheyhadbeentaughtwhentheirsciencelessonshadinvolvedart.Toprovethat，Hardimanteamedupwithsomeresearchersandsixlocalschools.Intheexperiment，theresearchersworkedwithteachersin16fifth-gradeclassrooms.Theyprovidedtraditionalsciencelessonsandart-focusedones.Inatraditionalscienceclass，forexample，studentsmightreadtheinformationfromabookaloud.Intheart-focusedone，theymightsingtheinformationinstead.Theteamrandomlyassigned(分配)eachofthe350studentstoeitheratraditionalscienceclassoranart-focusedone.Studentsthenlearnedscienceusingthatwayforthewholeunit—aboutthreeweeks.Whentheychangedtoanewtopic，theyalsochangedtotheothertypeofclass.Thisway，eachstudenthadbothanart-focusedclassandatraditionalone.Everyunitwastaughtinbothways，todifferentgroupsofstudents.Thisenabledtheresearcherstoseehowstudentsdidinbothtypesofclasses.Theteamfoundthatstudentswhostartedoffintraditionalclassesperformedbetteraftertheymovedintoanart-focusedclass.Butthosewhostartedinanart-focusedclassdidwellevenwhentheywentbacktoatraditionalscienceclass.Thesestudentsappearedtousesomeofthearttechniquesaftergoingbacktoatraditionalclass.Classroomteachersreportedthatmanystudentscontinuedtosketch(畫速寫)orsingtohelpremembertheinformation.“Itsuggeststhattheartsmayhelpstudentsapplycreativewaysoflearningontheirown，”Hardimansaid.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了藝術(shù)可以幫助學(xué)生更好地記住他們在科學(xué)課上學(xué)到的東西。1．Howdoesthefirstparagraphdevelop?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.C．Byfollowingspaceorder.D．Bymakingcomparisons.答案D解析寫作手法題。根據(jù)第一段前兩句可知，第一段是通過把藝術(shù)和科學(xué)作比較來行文的。故選D。2．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A．Studentstakeanactivepartwhentheirclassinvolvesart.B．Studentsaremorecreativeinartclassthaninscienceclass.C．Students’learningabilitydependsgreatlyonclassinvolvement.D．Studentsrememberthingsforalongertimeifusingartinclass.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前四句可知，當(dāng)科學(xué)課程涉及藝術(shù)時，學(xué)生上課時更加積極。故選A。3．Whatwerethestudentsrequiredtodointheexperiment?A．Learnthreeunitsintotal.B．Taketwotypesofclasses.C．Learntwotopicsforthreeweeks.D．Choosebetweenatraditionalclassandanart-focusedone.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thisway，eachstudenthadbothanart-focusedclassandatraditionalone.Everyunitwastaughtinbothways，todifferentgroupsofstudents.”可知，學(xué)生們在實驗中被要求參與兩種類型的課程。故選B。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Itisnoteasytouseartinscienceclass.B．Scienceplaysanimportantroleincreativethinking.C．Artcontributestosciencelearning.D．Art-focusedclassesencourageteamwork.答案C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第一段中的本文主旨句“Now，astudyfindsartcanhelpstudentsrememberbetterwhattheylearnedinscienceclass.”可知，文章主要介紹了藝術(shù)可以幫助學(xué)生更好地記住他們在科學(xué)課上學(xué)到的東西。故選C。Ⅳ.完形填空Iwassittingonamedicaltable.Besidemewasawomaninscrubs(手術(shù)服)talkingaboutthe1weatherrecently.I2alltheotherpeoplelyingbackontheirmedicaltablestoo.Eachoneofushada3inourarmswithalongtuberunningdownfromitfillingaplasticbagbelow.Eachoneofushadcometodonate4tohelpothers，maketheworldabetterplace，andperhapseven5alife.ItwasthelocalblooddriveandIhaddriven12milesacrosssnowyroadstogetthere.Itriedneverto6oneeveninthewintertime.Inspiteofallthetimeittook，Ifelt7tobeabletogivethisgiftbacktoothers.Ihadbeen8somuchinthislife:alovingfamily，manyfriends，sweet，adorablepets，acomfyhome，andenoughmoneyto9myneeds.ThegiftsIhadbeengivenmademefeel10，yettheonethingthatbroughtmemore11thananythingelsewasgivingsomethingback.Themoreyougiveback，themoreyougetin12.Therearesomany13youcangiveinthislifetoo:asmile，afewdollars，acaringletterore-mail，andevenapint(品脫)ofblood.Eachoneofthemis14andprecious.Mayyoufillyourlifewithgivingthen.Mayyoufillyourlifewith15.語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者通過獻(xiàn)血感悟到生活中應(yīng)該多一些給予，才能充滿快樂和愛。1．A.good B．coldC．dry D．warm答案B解析根據(jù)下文“Ihaddriven12milesacrosssnowyroadstogetthere”可知，此處為穿手術(shù)服的女士在談?wù)撟罱暮涮鞖?。故選B。2．A.lookedbackon B．lookeddownonC．lookedupat D．lookedaroundat答案D解析lookbackon回憶；lookdownon輕視；lookupat抬頭看；lookaroundat環(huán)顧四周。根據(jù)下文“alltheotherpeoplelyingbackontheirmedicaltablestoo”可知，作者環(huán)顧四周才能看到所有其他人。故選D。3．A.card B．needleC．tube D．thread答案B解析根據(jù)下文“Eachoneofushadcometodonatetohelpothers”可知是獻(xiàn)血，所以作者他們都躺在醫(yī)療臺上，手臂上都插著一根針。故選B。4．A.food B．bloodC．book D．money答案B解析根據(jù)下文“Itwasthelocalblooddrive”可知，此處指獻(xiàn)血，是單詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B。5．A.save B．influenceC．change D．start答案A解析根據(jù)下文“alife”和常識可知，獻(xiàn)血可能會挽救他人的生命。故選A。6．A.catch B．ignoreC．miss D．lose答案C解析根據(jù)上文“ItwasthelocalblooddriveandIhaddriven12milesacrosssnowyroadstogetthere.”可知，作者盡量不錯過每一次獻(xiàn)血的機(jī)會。故選C。7．A.upset B．surprisedC．confident D．delighted答案D解析upset不安的；surprised驚訝的；confident自信的；delighted高興的。根據(jù)下文“tobeabletogivethisgiftbacktoothers”可知，能把禮物回饋給別人，作者是高興的。故選D。8．A.given B．rewardedC．expecting D．considering答案A解析give給予；reward獎勵；expect期盼；consider考慮。根據(jù)下文“alovingfamily，manyfriends，sweet，adorablepets，acomfyhome”可知，這些都是作者擁有的，所以應(yīng)該是被給予。下文“ThegiftsIhadbeengiven”也是提示。故選A。9．A.identify B．balanceC．match D．meet答案D解析identify識別；balance平衡；match匹配；meet滿足。根據(jù)句意以及下文“myneeds”可知，此處指滿足作者的需求。故選D。10．A.awful B．hopefulC．wonderful D．grateful答案C解析awful可怕的；hopeful有希望的；wonderful極好的；grateful感激的。根據(jù)“Thegifts”以及下文“yettheonethingthatbroughtmemorethananythingelsewasgivingsomethingback”可知，此處為別人給作者的禮物讓作者感覺很好。故選C。11．A.hope B．happinessC．challenge D．courage答案B解析hope希望；happiness快樂；challenge挑戰(zhàn)；courage勇氣。根據(jù)下文“thananythingelsewasgivingsomethingback”可知，回報別人能讓作者更快樂。故選B。12．A.return B．turnC．time D．control答案A解析return回報；turn轉(zhuǎn)向；time時間；control控制。根據(jù)上文“Themoreyougiveback”可知，你回饋的越多，作為回報，你得到的就越多。inreturn意為“作為回報，作為回應(yīng)”，符合句意。故選A。13．A.prizes B．giftsC．donations D．suggestions答案B解析prize獎品；gift禮物；donation捐贈；suggestion建議。根據(jù)下文“asmile，afewdollars，acaringletterore-mail，andevenapint(品脫)ofblood”可知，這些都是可以給予的禮物。故選B。14．A.priceless B．necessaryC．interesting D．natural答案A解析priceless無價的；necessary必需的；interesting有趣的；natural自然的。根據(jù)句意以及該句中的“andprecious”可知，此處為每個都是無價的、珍貴的。空處和precious為并列關(guān)系。故選A。15．A.passion B．luckC．dreams D．love答案D解析passion熱情；luck幸運(yùn)；dream夢想；love愛。根據(jù)上文“Mayyoufillyourlifewithgivingthen.”可知，這是作者的愿望，愿你的生活充滿給予，也充滿愛。故選D。Ⅴ.語法填空Generallyspeaking，alargenumberofpeoplewishtobesingers1.musiciansanddreamofplayingataconcert.Tobehonest，theyattachgreat2.(important)tobecomingrichandfamous.Butjusthowdopeopleformaband?First，theymaystartasagroupofhigh-school3.(student)andpracticetheirmusicinsomeone’shouseorplaytop