北京市西城區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末英語試題2

北京市西城區(qū)2023—2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末試卷高二英語本試卷共14頁，共140分?？荚嚂r(shí)長120分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。第Ⅰ卷（共75分）Ⅰ.聽力理解（共三節(jié)，22.5分）第一節(jié):(共4小題;每小題1.5分,共6分)聽下面四段對話，每段對話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。每段對話你將聽一遍。1.Whatwillthemanprobablybuyintheend?A.Juice.B.Water.C.Coke.2WhatisthewomangoingtodoonSunday?A.Enjoyaconcert.B.Seeafilm.C.Workonaproject.3.HowdidSamgotoschooltoday?A.Bybike.B.Onfoot.C.Bybus.4.Wholikesedy?A.Theman.B.Theman’smother.C.Theman’sfather.第二節(jié)：（共6小題；每小題1.5分，共9分）聽下面三段對話或獨(dú)白，每段對話或獨(dú)白后有兩道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。每段對話或獨(dú)白你將聽兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。5.Whydidthewomangotothelibrary?A.Tomeettheman.B.Tocheckthetextbook.C.Topreparefortheexam.6.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Classmates.B.Workmates.C.Neighbors.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。7.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisperformancetoday?A.Excited.B.Disappointed.C.Surprised.8.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Hostingaceremony.B.Doinganinterview.C.Askingforadvice.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。9.Whatcanyoulearnaboutthetour?A.Itwilllastfourdays.B.Nomealswillbeprovided.C.Studentswillmeetsomeartists.10.Whatisthespeaker’smainpurposeingivingthistalk?A.Topersuadestudentstojoinatour.B.Toinvitestudentstobetourguides.C.Toinformstudentsofatourarrangement.第三節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面一段獨(dú)白，根據(jù)題目要求在相應(yīng)的橫線上寫下第11題至第15題的關(guān)鍵信息。每小題僅填寫一個(gè)詞。這段獨(dú)白你將聽兩遍。HowtoHaveaSenseofHumor11yourself■Havealightheartedattitudeaboutyourself■Learnto12atyourself.Giveothersa13■Beforgivingandfocusonpositives■Trynottotakeotherstoo14Watchandlearn■Observeotherpeople■Watch15withvariedhumorⅡ.完形填空（共15小題；每小題1.5分，共22.5分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ItwasaSundayafternooninMay.PaulBlachutwasbusyworkingatarestaurantinscenicAugsburg,Germany.Manytouristscameforfoodattheprettyplacebesidetheriver,wherethemeltwaterwascoldatthistimeofyear.Amotherandherdaughterwere___1___thecoolingwaterbytheriverbank.Theywereplayingwithaninflatabletubehappilywhen___2___thegirllostherfootingandwascaughtintheriver’scurrent.Ithappenedsofastthatthegirldesperatelygrabbed(抓)ontothetube,whichhermotherwassittingin,throwingherintotheriver,too.Blachutheardthesuddenshout,“Twowomenaredrowningintheriver!”Thenhehurriedtothe___3___,wherehespottedthemtryingtograbanythingtheycould.Hewashorrifiedtoseethatoneofthemkeptsinking.Blachut’smind___4___,“HowcanIhelpthem?”___5___havingnolifesavingtraining,herusheddowntotheriverbank.Quicklyhe___6___hisTshirtandjumpedintotheriver.Hedidn’tcareaboutthecold;allhecouldthinkaboutwassavingthewomen.Itwasobvioustheywere___7___.AsBlachutgotclosertothem,hecould___8___thatthemotherseemedtobeinthemosttrouble.Shewasdrowning.He___9___afilminwhichalifeguardgrabbedadrowningvictim’sbody,pullingthepersonashorewhileswimmingonhisback.Blachuttriedthis,butthewoman’sclothingmadeherso____10____;hekeptbeingdraggedunder,too.Heneededanew____11____.Hequicklydivedunderthedrowningwoman,____12____herupwardandusingthatmomentum(水勢)totakehertowardtheshore.Atthattime,anonlookerwasableto____13____thewoman’shand,pullingherashore.ThenBlachutjumpedintotheriveragain.Heswamdownstream,gotholdofthedaughter,andwasabletogetheroutinthesameway,too.Severalonlookersexpressedtheir____14____forBlachutfollowingtheincident.However,Blachutwas____15____abouthisrole,“ThewholerescueonlytookseveralminutesandIamhappytoreceiveyourpraise.”1.A.enjoying B.buying C.drinking D.pouring2.A.slowly B.naturally C.fortunately D.suddenly3.A.pool B.restaurant C.shore D.tube4.A.stopped B.raced C.wandered D.worked5.A.Without B.Despite C.Besides D.For6.A.putaway B.triedon C.tookoff D.hungup7.A.helpless B.dangerous C.calm D.busy8.A.share B.express C.respond D.tell9.A.mentioned B.recalled C.rent D.shot10.A.pretty B.soft C.heavy D.strong11A.schedule B.task C.message D.plan12.A.pushing B.flying C.rolling D.pulling13.A.wave B.clap C.grasp D.shake14.A.surprise B.admiration C.happiness D.hope15.A.curious B.careful C.passionate D.modestⅢ.閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ARegeneronScienceTalentSearch(RegeneronSTS)istheoldestandmostimportantscienceresearchpetitionforhighschoolstudentsalloverthenation.Startedin1942,RegeneronSTSrecognizesandempowersmostpromisingyoungscientists.Eachyear,nearly2,000studentsenterRegeneronSTS.Thepetitionawards300studentscholarsandtheirschoolsannuallyandinvites40studentfinaliststoWashington,D.C.toparticipateinfinaljudging.RegeneronSTSprovidesanimportantplatformfortheiroriginalresearchwhichisexaminedandreviewedbyprofessionalscientists.Whataretherequirements?●Applicantsmustbeover13yearsofageandhavelegalparentalpermissiontosubmit(提交)theapplicationandparticipate,orbe18yearsofageorolder;●ApplicantsmustpleteindividualresearchprojectstoenterRegeneronSTS.ResearchconductedaspartofaprecollegiatestudentteamprojectisnotqualifiedforRegeneronSTS;●Applicantsmustsubmitapplicationpackagethroughouronlinesystem,andmustnothaveenteredanypreviousRegeneronSTS.Whatarethecoreponentsofanapplication?●Essays,shortanswerresponses,activitiesandbasicinformation;●ScientificResearchReport(maximum20pageresearchpaperaboutoneoftheapplicant’soriginalresearchprojects);●Remendationssubmittedbyadults;●TestScores(optional).Whatcouldtheapplicantswin?●PARTICIPATIONAWARDS:AllpetitorswillreceiveaTshirt,laptopstickers,andafreeoneyearsubscriptiontoScienceNewsmagazine.●SCHOLARAWARDS:Eachofthe300scholarswillreceivea$2,000award.●SCHOOLAWARDS:Theschoolsofeachscholarwillreceive$2,000perscholar.Theawardisintendedtocontributetoexcellenceinscience,mathand/orengineeringeducationattheschool.●FINALISTAWARDS:Judgesselect40finalistsfromamongthescholars.InadditiontoanallexpensepaidtriptoWashington,D.C.,finalistsreceiveaminimumawardof$25,000.16.FromParagraph1,weknowthatRegeneronSTS________.A.wasstartedbeforethe1940sB.recognizes40scholarseveryyearC.isaplatformforprofessionalscientistsD.isanationwidescienceresearchpetition17.Accordingtothepassage,applicantsarerequiredto________.A.beover18yearsoldB.submitapplicationsonlineC.haveenteredRegeneronSTSbeforeD.havepletedtheresearchforateamproject18.Whowillwinaminimumawardof$25,000?A.Eachfinalist. B.Eachparticipant.C.Eachscholar. D.Eachofthescholars’school.BWhenIwasanundergraduatestudentstudyingecology,Iwasusedtodiscoveringoveralltrendsinlargeamountsofdata.Thethoughtofgettingmyhandsdirtyinthefieldneverseemedinterestingtome.Isawitasaboringandrepetitivetask.ButIknewpotentialgraduateschoolswouldlikelyviewmylackoffieldexperienceasaholeinmyapplicationletter.MymotheralsothoughtIshouldworkforafewyearstoexploremyinterestsbeforepursuingfurthereducation.SoIdecidedtoapplyforfieldbasedsummerpositionsaftergraduation.AfterlandingajobassessingthesagegrousehabitatinUtah,IfoundmyselfinthepanyofSherel,a75yearoldbotanistandtheleaderofourfieldcrew.Ontheveryfirstdayofthefieldwork,Inoticedaspecialplantonthefield.“Wonderful!Lookslikeyou’vegotaMahoniarepens,”Sherelshoutedexcitedly.Igentlytouchedtheplantwithyellowflowersbymyfeet,“Thisonehere?Howcanyoutellit’saMahonia?”Hepausedbrieflytoadmiretheplantandthenbeganhisenergeticdescriptionoftheplant’stypicalfeatures.Thatevening,whilewewerewatchingthesunsettogether,Itextedmychildhoodfriend.“DayIwasactuallykindoffun,”Istarted,“butwe’llseehowlongittakesbeforeIgetboredfromjustidentifyingplantsinthefieldallday.”Butastheweeksoffieldworkrolledby,theboredomIhadexpectedneverarrived.Icamehomefromthefieldeachnightwithsorelegsandasunburnedneck,excitedbytheday’sfinds.BypickingSherel’sbrainaboutdifferentspeciesofanimalsandplants,Idiscoveredfielddaysareaboutmuchmorethanidentification.Eachdayisanopportunitytolearnalittlebitmore.Whenthesummerwasover,Ifoundmyselfinanotherfieldjob,thistimesurveyingforestinMichigan’sUpperPeninsula.I’mnowathirdyearPh.D.studentinecology.Fieldworkmaybebuggy,wet,andphysicallydemanding,butworkingwithothershelpskeepspiritshighandthephysicalactivityhelpsmestaysharp.Anditconstantlyremindsmethatanytaskcanpresentanopportunitytolearn—aslongasIamopentoit.19.WhydidtheauthorjointhefieldworkinUtah?A.Tofindoutoveralltrendsindata. B.Toassessthesagegrousehabitat.C.Toimprovehisapplicationletter. D.Torealizehismother’sdream.20.OnthefirstdayofthefieldworkinUtah,theauthor______.AarguedwithSherel B.plainedtohisfriendC.becamealeaderofhisgroup D.discoveredaMahoniarepens21.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoffieldworknow?A.Easybutinteresting. B.Boringbutfruitful.C.Tiringbutmeaningful. D.Repetitivebutdemanding.22.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Weshouldexplorefunindailytasks. B.Weshouldbeopentonewexperiences.C.Weshouldrespectthepeoplearoundus. D.Weshouldbedeterminedaboutourgoals.CAnAImodelcanbeusedtodetectstressinofficeworkersbasedonhowtheyusetheirmouseandkeyboard.Anewstudysuggeststhatamachinelearningmodelusingthesetwoelementswasmoreaccurateatdetectingstressinpeoplethanamodelthattrackedtheirheartratedata.“Wesawthatthemodelsthatjustusedthemouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelsthathadtheheartratedatainit,”saysMartNaegelin.aPh.D.studentattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,andoneofthestudy’sauthors.Naegelinandherfellowresearchersusedmachinelearningmodelstoanalyzedataonkeyboardtypingactivity,mousemovementsandheartratedata.Theyalsostudiedthedataofabinationoftwoorallthreeoftheseelementstodeterminewhichperformedbestintermsofmeasuringstress.Theyfoundthatthemodeltrainedonmouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelthatusedmouse,keyboardandheartrates.Ofthesinglemodality(形態(tài))models,theheartratedataperformedtheworst.“Thetestwasconductedinanenvironmentthatsimulatedanofficeenvironment,sotheresultsstillneedtobeconfirmedinreallifescenarios(情況),”Naegelinsays.Intheexperiment,participantsweredividedintothreegroups.Acontrolgroupcarriedoutassignedtasks,suchasplanningmeetingsandcollectingdata,withnoadditionalwork.Asecondgroupattimesansweredquestionsfrommanagersinpersoninamockinterviewscenariowhilepletingotherassignedtasks.Andmembersofathirdgroupwere,atcertainpoints,interruptedwithadditionalquestionssentthroughanonlinechatontopoftasksassignedtoothergroups.Atregularintervalsduringtheexperiment,participantswereaskedtoratetheirstresslevelsthroughaputerquestionnaire.Researcherslearnedthatworkersmadelonger,lessaccuratemovementswiththeirmouse,aswellasmoretypingerrors,whentheywerestressed.Shorter,moredirectmovementswiththemouseweretiedtolowerstresslevels.Thestudydidn’tfocusonwhyincreasedlevelsofstressarethoughttoaffectmuscleactivity.Theresearcherssaytheybelieveastressdetectionsystemthatlogskeyboardandmousemovementsmightbebeneficialasaselfhelptoolforemployeesalongsideotherinitiativestoimproveworkplacementalhealth.Butemployeeparticipationwouldneedtobeoptionalandbasedoninformedconsent(同意),andpanieswouldneedtomittoprotectinguserprivacy.Itremainstobeseenhowthistechnologywillevolveandbeadoptedinpractice,butthepotentialforAItocontributepositivelytoemployeewellbeingisanappealingavenueforfutureexploration.23.WhatdoweknowfromNaegelin’sstudy?A.Heartratedatahaslittleconnectionwithstress.B.Mouseandkeyboarddataproveseffectiveinstressdetection.C.Mousedataperformsworstinmeasuringstressamongallmodels.D.Usingmoreelementsinamodelincreasesaccuracyinstressdetection.24.WhatisParagragh5mainlyabout?A.Theresearchprocess. B.Theresearchfindings.C.Theresearchpurpose. D.Theresearchbackground.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AImodelsbasedonmouseandkeyboarddatahavebeenwidelyapplied.B.Naegelin’sstudyexplainswhymuscleactivitycanaffectstresslevels.C.Employersneedtorespectemployees’privacywhiledetectingstress.D.Astressdetectionsystemimprovesphysicalhealthattheworkplace.26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tointroduceanewmodeltodetectstress.B.Toparedifferentmodelsinstressdetection.C.Toshowthedisadvantagesofbeingoverstressed.D.Tostatetheimportanceofastressdetectionsystem.DFrozenintime,a125millionyearoldmammalattackingadinosaur.A39millionyearoldwhale,theheaviestanimalthateverlived.Theoldestknownjellyfish,from505millionyearsago.Paleontology(古生物學(xué))producesnewsworthydiscoveries.Fossils(化石),moreover,providedirectevidenceforthelonghistoryoflife,allowingpaleontologiststotesthypotheses(假設(shè))aboutevolutionwithdataonlytheyprovide.TheyallowinvestigationofpresentandpastlifeonEarth.Flowsofbiologicaldiversity,appearancesofnewlifeformsandtheextinctionsoflongexistingones,wouldgoundiscoveredwithouttheseefforts.Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.ItsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.Fromitsbeginnings,morethanthreebillionyearsago,tothepresentday,fossilsrecordhowlifeadaptedordisappearedinthefaceofmajorenvironmentalchallenges.Paleontologistsprovideuswithauniquevantageonmodernclimatechange.Theyplayanessentialroleininterpretingancientenvironments,inreconstructingancientoceans,continentsandclimates.Fossilsprovidekeylimitationontheclimatemodelsthatareessentialforpredictingfutureclimatechange.Andthefossilrecordgivesimportantinsightsintohowlifewillrespondtopredictedfutureclimateconditions,becausethesehaveoccurredbeforeinEarth’shistory.Inaddition,paleontologyhasprovidedafundamentalcontributiontohumanthought:therealityofspeciesextinctionandthusofaworldthathasdramaticallychangedovertime.Indocumentingthehistoryoflife,paleontologistsrecognizedthatmanyextinctionepisodescouldoccursuddenly,suchastheevent66millionyearsagothatendedthedinosaurs.Thesearchforthecausesofpastmassextinctionsstartedpioneeringstudiesfromacrossthescientificspectrum(科學(xué)界),focusingonpotentialfuturethreatstohumanity.Notonlydopaleontologistsknowwhathappenstolifewhenthingsgobad,theyalsoknowhowlongittakesforecosystemsandbiodiversitytorecoverfromthesedisasters,whichcantakefarlongerthanmodernhumanshaveexisted.Paleontologiststhusprovideauniqueperspectiveonthenatureandfuturelongtermecologicalimpactofthecurrenthumanproducedbiodiversitycrisis,thesocalledSixthExtinction,andthereforetheimportanceofprotectingmodernbiodiversity.TheveryconceptofaSixthExtinctionwouldnotexistwithoutpaleontologistsdocumentingthefirstfive.Paleontologistsknowthatunderstandinglife’spastiscriticaltoanticipatingandadaptingtolife’sandhumanity’sfuture.Paleontologyisimportantbecauseitbringsitsuniqueandcriticalperspectivetocurrentchallengesinclimatechangebiodiversitylossandtheenvironment.Paleontologistscanpredictthefuturebecausetheyknowthepast.27.Thefirsttwoparagraphsarewrittento_______.A.describeanevent B.raiseaquestionC.presentanopinion D.makeaparison28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vantage”inParagraph3mean?A.Apositiveeffect. B.Avaluablesuggestion.C.Aquickdecision. D.Aprehensiveview.29.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Ecologicalrecoverytakesshorterthanimagined.B.Pastlessonscanhelptopredictthefuturethreats.C.Paleontologistscanhandlethebiodiversitycrisis.D.Fossilstudiesfocusonthecausesofmassextinctions.30.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Paleontology:APioneeringStudyB.Paleontology:AHistoryRecorderC.PaleontologyTellsMoreAboutNatureThanHumansD.PaleontologyIsFarMoreThanNewFossilDiscoveries第Ⅱ卷（共65分）Ⅰ.選詞填空（共7小題；每小題2分，共14分）用方框中單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子，每個(gè)單詞只能用一次。devoteappointendangereffectiveinjurefaithplain31.Shemadea(n)_________forhersontoseethedoctor.32.Inthecarcrash,thetwopassengersescapedsevere_________.33.Ineedtokeepmytranslation_________totheoriginaltext.34.Wemustprotectthe_________animalsbeforetheybeeextinct.35.Theabilitytomunicate_________withpeopleisrequiredforeveryapplicant.36.QianXuesen’s_________tohiscareerhasinspiredmanyyoungpeopletocontributetoourcountry.37.Wereceivedanumberof_________fromcustomersaboutthelackofparkingfacilities.Ⅱ.語法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）在未給提示詞的空白處填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。38.Myhobbyis_________(collect)stampsfromdifferentcountries.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)39.I_________(write)thebookallyearandamhopingtofinishitsoon.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)40.—CanIuseyourputerthisafternoon?—Sorry,I_________(take)anonlineclassatthattime.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)41.Anaccidentoccurredthismorning._________(lucky),nodamagewasdone.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)42.Bythetimehewastwelveyearsold,he_________(finish)seniorhighschool.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)43._________(help)uspreparefortheexam,theteacheraskedustoreviewournotes.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)44.Themanager,_________secretaryaskedforasickleave,hadtodoallthetypinghimself.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)45.Mycameradidn’twork,soItookittotherepairshoptogetit_________(check).(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)46.Climbing,_________enteredtheOlympicsthreeyearsagoinTokyo,willalsobeoneoftheeventsinthe2024ParisOlympics.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)47.Theycarriedthepicturesupstairstotheartroom,_________thebrushesandpaintwerestored.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)Ⅲ.完成句子（共5小題；第63、64題每題2分，第65、66、67題每題3分，共13分）根據(jù)括號中所給提示完成下列句子。48.以前他們經(jīng)常一起去爬山。(usedto)(漢譯英)49.我們要贈送100本書給那所鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校。（giveaway）(漢譯英)50.他的寫作風(fēng)格對年輕作者產(chǎn)生巨大影響。(haveaninfluenceon)(漢譯英)51.專家們預(yù)測，很多種語言可能會于下個(gè)世紀(jì)消失。(dieout)(漢譯英)52.我們必須做好準(zhǔn)備以適應(yīng)不斷變化的世界。(adaptto)(漢譯英)Ⅳ.閱讀表達(dá)（共4小題；每小題2分，共8分）閱讀下面的短文和問題，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在相應(yīng)題號后的橫線上寫下相關(guān)信息，完成對該問題的回答。答語要意思清楚，結(jié)構(gòu)正確，書寫工整。AllePierceknowshowtoplanaholiday.Afewmonthsaheadoftime,sheconstructsaspreadsheetofwhatshewantstodoandsee.Sheexaminesthemenusofrestaurantssheisplanningtovisit.Sheusesapictureofthedestinationasherphone’slockedscreenimageanddownloadsacountdownapp.“What’ssoexcitingaboutatripistheanticipationbeforeit,”saysPierce,founderofaluxurytravelpany.Expertsstaysheisright.Recentstudiessuggestthathopingforsomethingboostsyourmoodandlowersyourstress.“Imagininggoodthingsaheadofuscanincreasemotivation,optimismandpatience,”saysSimonRego,apsychologistfromNewYork.Ofcoursewecan’tjustbookaflighteverytimeweneedalittlecheeringuporfeellow.Buttherearewaystoincorporatethepowerofanticipationintoyoureverydaylife.Getexcitedaboutlittlethings.Writedownonethingyou’reexcitedfortomorrow.Maybeit’sanewbook,orapackageyou’reexpecting.Thecollectionoftheseminithrillsmeansyouwillstillgainthebenefitsoflookingforwardtosomething.Plus,withthenearerstuff,there’smoreofasensethatit’sgoingtohappenforsure.Rememberthatanxietyandanticipationcancoexist.“Thedarksideofpositiveanticipationisanticipatoryanxiety.Anxietyandexcitementaresisteremotions”saysChristianWaugh,apsycholo