2024-2025年新教材高中英語(yǔ)UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENTSectionⅠReadingandThinking檢測(cè)含解析新人教版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

PAGEPAGE7UNIT1課下題型練(一)ReadingandThinkingⅠ.閱讀理解AWomenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforScience,oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.Somewomenscientistsnevermarried,someworkedwiththeirhusbands,andothersraisedlargefamilies.Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.Intheearly1800sinEngland,MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.Maryandherfathercollectedfossils(化石)intheirvillageonthesouthcoastofGreatBritain.Fossilsarepartsofplantsoranimalsthathavebeensavedinrocksformillionsofyears.Whenshewasonlytwelveyearsold,Marybecamethefirstpersontofindthealmostcompleteskeletons(骨架)ofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedontheearth.Shedidn'tbecomefamousforherdiscoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogetmoneytosupportherfamily.In1891,ayoungPolishwomannamedMarieSklodowskatraveledtoParistostudyphysics.ShedidsobecauseshecouldnotgetacollegeeducationinPoland.ShebeganworkinginthelaboratoryofamannamedPierreCurie.MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.TheyreceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobeawardedasecondNobelPrizein1911,thistimeforChemistry.MarieCuriewasoneofthefewwomenatthetimewhobecamefamousasascientist.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了兩名在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)的女性。1．Theauthorbelievesthatwomenscientists．A．havemoreopportunitiestobecomesuccessfulB．cannotgetthehighesthonorsintheworldC．gothroughdifficultiestobesuccessfulD．hadbetterpaymoreattentiontotheirfamilies解析：選C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段最終一句可知，作者認(rèn)為女性科學(xué)家要經(jīng)驗(yàn)許多艱難才能走向勝利。2．MaryAnningwasoneofthefirstwomento．A．wintheNobelPrizeforScienceaftergettingmarriedB．makeachievementsinthestudyofancientearthC．researchanimalsandtheirbonesD．studythemysteryofallkindsofplants解析：選B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的“MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.”可知選B。3．WhatcanwelearnaboutMarieSklodowska?A．ShestudiedphysicsinPolandandgotacollegeeducation.B．ShereceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903onherown.C．SheonlygotoneNobelPrizeduringherlifetime.D．Shemademanydiscoveriesaftershegotmarried.解析：選D推理推斷題。由最終一段中的“MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.”可知D項(xiàng)正確。4．What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Ancientdiscoveries.B．Womenscientists.C．Successfulmarriages.D．Differentprizes.解析：選B主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了兩名在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)的女性。故選B。BI．M.Pei,aChinese-American,whowasregardedasoneofthelastgreatmodernistarchitects,hasdiedattheageof102.AlthoughheworkedmostlyintheUnitedStates,PeiwillalwaysberememberedforaEuropeanproject:HisredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseuminParisinthe1980s.Hegaveustheglassandmetalpyramidinthemaincourtyard,alongwiththreesmallerpyramidsandavastsubterranean(地下的)additiontothemuseumentrance.PeiwasthefirstforeignarchitecttoworkontheLouvreinitslonghistory,andinitiallyhisdesignswerefiercelyopposed.Butintheend,theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover.WinningthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrizein1983,hewasthoughtasgivingthe20thcentury“someofitsmostbeautifulinsidespacesandoutsideforms...Histalentandskillintheuseofmaterialsapproachthelevelofpoetry.”AfterstudyingarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard,PeisetuphisownarchitecturalpracticeinNewYorkin1955.DesigningtheJohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museumin1964establishedhimasaname.HisEastBuildingoftheNationalGalleryofArtinWashingtonin1978changedpeople'sideasofamuseum.Thesitewasanoddtrapezoid(梯形)shape.Pei'ssolutionwastocutitintwo.Theresultingbuildingwasdramatic,lightandelegant—oneofthefirstcrowd-pleasingcathedralsofmodernart.Thoughknownasamodernist,andnotableforhisformsbasedonarrangementsofsimplegeometric(幾何的)shapes,heonceurgedChinesearchitectstolookmoretotheirarchitecturaltraditionratherthandesigninginawesternstyle.Inperson,I．M.Peiwasgood-humored,charmingandunusuallymodest.Hisworkingprocesswasevolutionary,butinnovation(創(chuàng)新)wasneveranintendedgoal.“Stylisticoriginalityisnotmypurpose，”hesaid.“Iwanttofindtheoriginalityinthetime,theplaceandtheproblem.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了享譽(yù)世界的現(xiàn)代主義建筑大師之一——貝聿銘。5．WhatcanwelearnabouttheresultofredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseum?A．ItwascriticizedbytheFrench.B．Itwasasuccess.C．ItmadetheLouvreMuseumlookstrange.D．ItchangedthefunctionoftheLouvreMuseum.解析：選B推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段中的“PeiwasthefirstforeignarchitecttoworkontheLouvreinitslonghistory,andinitiallyhisdesignswerefiercelyopposed.Butintheend,theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover[貝聿銘是盧浮宮悠久歷史上的第一位外國(guó)建筑師，最初他的設(shè)計(jì)遭到劇烈反對(duì)。但最終，法國(guó)人，以及全世界，都被(他的精妙設(shè)計(jì))折服].”可以推想，盧浮宮博物館的重建特別勝利。故選B。6．WhatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?A．Heisamasterinapplyingmaterials.B．Heisskilledinwritingpoems.C．Heoftencombinespoetryandconstruction.D．Hegetsinspirationfrompoetryindesigning.解析：選A句義理解題。依據(jù)畫(huà)線句中的關(guān)鍵詞talentandskill和theuseofmaterials可知，此句字面含義為：他在運(yùn)用(建筑)材料方面的才華和技藝達(dá)到了詩(shī)一般的境界，即他是應(yīng)用材料方面的專家。故選A。7．What'sthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?a．DesigntheJohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museum.b．StudyarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard.c．DesigntheNationalGalleryofArt.d．WinthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrize.A．a(chǎn),b,c,d B．b,a,c,dC．b,c,a,d D．d,a,c,b解析：選B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段可知，1955年，貝聿銘在麻省理工學(xué)院和哈佛高校學(xué)習(xí)建筑學(xué)；依據(jù)第五段中的第一、二句可知，1964年，貝聿銘設(shè)計(jì)了約翰·肯尼迪總統(tǒng)圖書(shū)館和博物館；1978年設(shè)計(jì)了華盛頓國(guó)家美術(shù)館東館；依據(jù)第三段中的WinningthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrizein1983可知貝聿銘于1983年獲得普利茲克建筑獎(jiǎng)。故B項(xiàng)為正確的事情的發(fā)展依次。8．WhatcanwelearnaboutI．M.Pei?A．Innovationwashisfirstgoalindesign.B．Hewastalentedandserious.C．Hepreferredwesternstyletotheeast.D．Helikedsimplegeometricshapes.解析：選D推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第六段可知，貝聿銘設(shè)計(jì)的建筑物以簡(jiǎn)潔幾何形態(tài)排列的形式而著名，從而推斷出，他喜愛(ài)簡(jiǎn)潔的幾何形態(tài)。故選D。CMaria(1718－1799)wasafamousItalianmathematician.Shewasdescribedinabookasfollows：“Mariawasachildprodigy(神童),butwasalsoshy.”Shestayedathome,teachingtheyoungerchildrenandfollowingherownstudies.Whenhermotherdiedaftergivingbirthtotwenty-onechildren,Mariatookovertherunningofthehousehold.Attheageoftwentyshestartedaten-yearproject,abookbringingtogethertheworkoncalculus(微積分學(xué))ofLeibnitzandNewtontitledAnalyticInstitutions.Sometimesshewouldhavetroublewithaproblem,buthermindwentonworkingeveninhersleep；shewouldsleepwalktoherstudyandbacktobed.Inthemorning,shewouldfindtheanswertotheproblemwaitingonherdesk.Herbookmadeherfamous；shewaslivingproofofwhatshehadarguedatnineyearsoldthatwomenhadarighttostudyscience.ButMariahadotherinterestsinherlifeapartfrommathematics.Shehadalwaysworkedwiththepoorpeopleinherarea,andshehadaskedherfatherforseparateroomsandturnedthemintoaprivatehospital.Sheworkedatthehospital(andanother)untilshediedattheageofeighty-one.Mariawroteanimportantbookonmathematics,aswellasanotherunpublishedbook.Sheranahouseholdofovertwentypeople,andsheworkedforpeoplewhohadnothadherluckandopportunities.Eachoneofthesethingswasremarkable,butshedidthemall.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了意大利著名數(shù)學(xué)家瑪麗亞的勝利經(jīng)驗(yàn)和她為一些窮人做出的貢獻(xiàn)。9.WeknowfromthetextthatMaria．A．wasamathsteacherwhenshewasyoungB．livedarichlifeinherchildhoodC．wasborninalargefamilyD．wastooshytoteachothers解析：選C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段其次句可知，她媽媽有21個(gè)孩子，所以她誕生在一個(gè)大家庭。10．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat．A．thereweresomegoodschoolsforchildrenwhenMariawasyoungB．womenwerenotallowedtostudysciencewhenMariawasalittlegirlC．womenhadequalrightstolearnanythingasboysdidD．Mariahadtheabilitytomakeenoughmoneytobringupherbrothersandsisterswhenhermotherdied解析：選B推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段第六句中的shewaslivingproofofwhatshehadarguedatnineyearsoldthatwomenhadarighttostudyscience可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)是不允許女性學(xué)科學(xué)的。11．Accordingtothetext,Mariawassodevotedtomathsthatshe．A．forgoteverythingwhenshewasstudyingB．spentovertenyearswritinghermostfamousbookC．neversleptwhiledoingresearchesD．wouldgoonwithherstudyinherdream解析：選D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第四、五句可知，她對(duì)工作執(zhí)著到睡覺(jué)時(shí)也會(huì)夢(mèng)游進(jìn)書(shū)房工作。12．WeknowfromthetextthatMariawasalsoawoman.A．kind-hearted B．beautifulC．well-born D．rich解析：選A推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章后半部分的描述可知，她為窮人做了許多事，說(shuō)明她不僅是一位宏大的數(shù)學(xué)家，還是一個(gè)熱心和善的人。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Hewasfastoffistandfoot—lip,too—aheavyweightchampionwhopromisedtoshocktheworldanddid.1HeisMuhammadAli,whodiedatage74,in2016.Withawitassharpasthepunches,AlidominatedsportsfortwodecadesbeforetimeandParkinson'sdiseasecausedbythousandsofblowstothehead,ravaged(損害)hismagnificentbody,muted(減弱)hismajesticvoiceandendedhisstoriedcareerin1981.2However,theeffectofthepuncheslastedlongaftermostofthemoneywasgone.Parkinsontooksuchatollonhisbodythatthesightofhiminhislateryearsshockedandsaddenedthosewhorememberedhiminhisprime.3Despitehisillness,hetraveledtheworldtorapturousreceptionsevenafterhewaslefttocommunicatewithawinkoraweaksmile.Whileslowedinlateryears,hestillmanagedtomakenumerousappearances,includingthetriptothe2012LondonOlympics.“Peoplenaturallyaregoingtobesadtoseetheeffectsofhisdisease，”Hana,oneofAli'sdaughterssaid.“4He'satcompletepeace,andhe'sherelearningagreaterlesson.”“Idon'tcallhim