重難點(diǎn)21賓語從句-2023年中考英語專練（原卷版）

專項(xiàng)四復(fù)合句重難點(diǎn)21賓語從句 1.賓語從句的種類賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。1.1.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.1.2.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.1.3.由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.2.賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序，即按照主語、謂語的順序。2.1.陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序不變，即仍用陳述語序。Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid(that)hewasanhonestboy.2.2.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。Doesheworkhard?Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.3.賓語從句主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致的問題。3.1.如果主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），那么賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.Hehastoldmethathe’llleaveforNewYorktomorrow.Idon’tthink(that)youareright.3.2.如果主句是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），那么賓語從句一定要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)）。Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.3.3.如果賓語從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.方法技巧賓語從句須注意，幾點(diǎn)事項(xiàng)應(yīng)牢記。一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞，不同句子詞相異。陳述句子用that；一般疑問是否(if，whether)替；特殊問句更好辦，引導(dǎo)還用疑問詞。二是時(shí)態(tài)常變化，主句不同從句異。主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)看意；主句若為過去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)向前移。三是語序要記清，從句永保陳述序。4.賓語從句種類具體分述4.1.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句that是賓語從句的一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，放在主句和從句之間。它引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來，故從句的語序不變。在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that作連接代詞，無意義，在句中不作任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中通?？梢允÷?。4.1.1.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的用法4.1.1.1.位置：that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）、介詞或形容詞之后。=1\*GB3①作及物動(dòng)詞，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的賓語。如：ShesaysthatshewillhelpmelearnEnglishthisevening.她說今天晚上她會(huì)幫我學(xué)英語。=2\*GB3②作介詞的賓語：連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語，只用在except，but，in之后。如：Heisagoodboyexceptthatheiscareless.他是一個(gè)好男孩，只是有點(diǎn)兒粗心。=3\*GB3③作＂be+形容詞＂結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語。某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，連詞that可省略。如：I’mhappy(that)Ipassedtheexam.我很高興我通過了考試。4.1.1.2.時(shí)態(tài)：主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)具體情況選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)；主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，從句中也必須用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。試比較：Hesaysthathewantstoseehimassoonaspossible.他說他想盡快見到他。Hesaidthathewantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.他說他想盡快見到他?！咎貏e提醒】當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，而賓語從句的內(nèi)容表示的是客觀真理、事實(shí)、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句、格言、諺語等時(shí)，此時(shí)賓語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，這些情況下不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制。如：Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老師告訴我們地球圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 4.1.1.3.引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略的幾種情況：引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that通常可以省略：Shesaid(that)shewouldetothemeeting.她說過要來開會(huì)的。Ipromiseyou(that)Iwillbethere.我答應(yīng)你我會(huì)去的。【注意】有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可位于句首，此時(shí)that不可省略：ThatsheisagoodgirlIknow.她是一個(gè)好姑娘，我是知道的。4.1.1.4.引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略的幾種情況：that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，并不是在任何情況下都可以省略，在以下幾種情況下，that不能省略。=1\*GB3①從句的主語是that時(shí)，that不能省略；Weknowthatisaninterestingfilm.我們知道那是一部有趣的電影。=2\*GB3②and連接的兩個(gè)表示陳述意義的賓語從句并列時(shí)，有時(shí)省去第一個(gè)從句的連詞that，但第二個(gè)從句的連詞that一般不可以省略。如：Hetoldme(that)theycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmyadvice.他告訴我他們決定不了去做什么并且問了我的意見。=3\*GB3③that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不能省略。如：Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.對(duì)他我一無所知，只知道他是南方人。4.1.1.5.如果賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。如：WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoZhangdidnoteyesterday.小張昨天沒來，我們覺得很奇怪。4.1.1.6.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在think，believe，suppose，expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱時(shí)，謂語盡管是否定的意思，卻不用否定形式，而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?，英語稱這種現(xiàn)象為否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如：=1\*GB3①我認(rèn)為今晚他不能來?！菊`】Ithinkhecan’tethisevening.【正】Idon’tthinkhecanethisevening.=2\*GB3②他認(rèn)為我們現(xiàn)在不在教室里?！菊`】Hedoesn’tthinkweareintheclassroomnow.【正】Hethinkswearenotintheclassroomnow.【特別警示】含有＂否定轉(zhuǎn)移＂現(xiàn)象的句子，主句的主語必須是第一人稱，此時(shí)，變成反意疑問句，附加問句要由從句來決定；如果主句的主語是其他人稱，附加問句要由主句來決定。如：Idon’tthinkheisright,ishe?我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)，是嗎？HethinksIcane,doesn’the?他認(rèn)為我能來，是不是？4.1.1.7.如果賓語從句中含有否定意義的副詞或形容詞。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑問句要用肯定形式。如：Wefindthatheseldomgoestovisithismother,doeshe?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他不常看望他的媽媽，是嗎？4.1.1.8.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只變主句，不變從句。實(shí)際上，我們經(jīng)常把Itissaidthat...（據(jù)ItissaidthatheisfromCanada.據(jù)說他來自加拿大。4.2.疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句特殊疑問句作賓語從句時(shí)，由疑問詞when,who,what,where,whatever,how，which,why等引導(dǎo)。賓語從句的詞序一律用陳述句的詞序，即＂主語+謂語＂詞序。①帶有系動(dòng)詞be（is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑問句。主句賓語從句DoyouknowhowoldLizis?你知道茲幾歲嗎?IknowhowoldLizis.我知道莉茲幾歲。Idon’tknowhowoldLizis.我不知道莉茲幾歲。賓語從句＂howoldLizis＂是主句動(dòng)詞know的賓語。how在從句中作副詞。注意從句的順序，主語在動(dòng)詞前（Lizis)。②帶有（情態(tài)）助動(dòng)詞is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑問句WhenisAnngoingtolran?安什么時(shí)候去伊朗？→DoyouknowwhenAnnisgoingtolran?你知道安什么時(shí)候去伊朗嗎？→Idon’tknowwhenAnnisgoingtolran.我不知道安什么時(shí)候去伊朗。WhatshouldIdo?我該怎么辦？→CanyoutellmewhatIshoulddo?你能告訴我，我該怎么辦嗎？→PleasetellmewhatIshoulddo.請(qǐng)告訴我，我該怎么辦。WherehasRongone?朗去了哪里？→DoyouknowwhereRonhasgone?你知道朗去了哪里嗎？→Idon’tknowwhereRonhasgone.我不知道朗去了哪里。③帶有助動(dòng)詞do/does/did的特殊疑問句。WheredidIputmyweddingring?我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了？→DoyouknowwhereIputmyweddingring?你知道我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了嗎？→Idon’trememberwhereIputmyweddingring.我不記得我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了。WhatdoesSuethinkaboutLulu?蘇對(duì)露露的看法是什么？→DoyouknowwhatSuethinksaboutLulu?你知道蘇對(duì)露露的看法是什么嗎？→IknowwhatSuethinksaboutLulu.我知道蘇對(duì)露露的看法是什么。注意：（1）由于賓語從句要求陳述句語序，故而在從句中它變成了陳述語序。請(qǐng)看下列兩組句子：Howmuchdoesthiscoatcost?→Iwanttoknowhowmuchthiscoatcosts.Wheredidyougoyesterday?→Pleasetellmewhereyouwentyesterday.（2）當(dāng)疑問代詞what、who在特殊疑問句中作主語時(shí)，該特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序，所以當(dāng)該句用來作賓語時(shí)，語序不需要調(diào)整。What’swrongwithyou?怎么了？→Heaskedthegirlwhatwaswrongwithher.What’sthematter?怎么了？→Heaskedthegirlwhatwasthematter.Whathashappenedtohim?→Wewanttoknowwhathashappenedtohim.4.3.if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句當(dāng)從句部分是一般疑問句或選擇疑問句時(shí)，常用if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，if/whether意為＂是否＂。說明對(duì)陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，findout，beuncertain/doubtful/benotknown等后，二者通?？梢曰Q?？谡Z中多用if代替whether。在非正式的寫作中，可以使用if或whether兩個(gè)詞來表達(dá)不定性，兩者都算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Iwonderif/whetherheisadriver.我想知道他是不是個(gè)司機(jī)。Alicewantstoknowif/whethershehaspassedtheexam.愛麗絲想知道她是否考試及格了?！就卣埂恳话闱闆r下，if和whether可互換，在口語中多用if，而在以下幾種情況下，只能用whether。1.與or連用分別引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)從句時(shí)，或強(qiáng)調(diào)兩方面的選擇,特別是句中有ornot時(shí)用whether，不用if。Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywille.我不知道他們是否會(huì)來。Letmeknowwhetheryoucaneornot.2.在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether。Hedosen’tknowwhethertogoornot.他不知道是否會(huì)去。Pleasetelluswhethertogothereorstayhere.請(qǐng)告訴我們是去那里還是待在這里。Whethertogoorstayisstillaquestion.3.在介詞之后只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，而If則不能。ItdependsonwhetherIhaveenoughtime.那取決于我是否有足夠的時(shí)間。Successdependsonwhetherwemakeenougheffort.4.賓語從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，用whether，不用if。Whetherthisistrue,Ican’tsay.Whetherheissingle,Idon’tknow.5.在某些動(dòng)詞（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.（虛擬語氣）6.在引導(dǎo)否定概念賓語從句時(shí)，只能用if，而不用whether。HeaskedmeifIhadn’tfinishedmywork.注意：doubt否定句用that引導(dǎo)。因?yàn)閐on’tdoubt意為相信，不懷疑，if是否表示疑慮。賓語從句是中考必考考點(diǎn)之一，主要考查的是時(shí)態(tài)及賓語從句的語序，有時(shí)也會(huì)考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞?？疾榈闹饕问绞菃雾?xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也會(huì)考查到賓語從句。因此學(xué)生要熟練掌握賓語從句的用法。中考考查重點(diǎn)：1.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇；2.賓語從句的語序；3.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。典例解析1.—Doyouknow____________?—At9:00tomorrowmorning.A.whenthevideomeetingbeganB.whendidthevideomeetingbeginC.whenthevideomeetingwillbeginD.whenwillthevideomeetingbegin【答案】C【解析】——句意：你知道視頻會(huì)議什么時(shí)候開始嗎?——明天上午九點(diǎn)。考查賓語從句。問句是一個(gè)含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，賓語從句中從句語序應(yīng)該為陳述句語序，因此排除B和D；根據(jù)答語“At9o'clocktomorrowmorning.”可知詢問的應(yīng)該是將來的事，用一般將來時(shí)，選項(xiàng)A是一般過去時(shí)，故選C。2.Thepolicemanaskedthelittleboyif________hishome.A.hecouldfind B.couldhefind C.hecanfind【答案】A【解析】句意：警察問那個(gè)小男孩能否找到他的家?？疾橘e語從句。hecouldfind他能找到，陳述語序；couldhefind他能找到，疑問語序；hecanfind他能找到，陳述語序。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處是if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，賓語從句要用陳述語序，排除B，結(jié)合主句中“asked”可知主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去時(shí)態(tài)，排除C。故選A。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2022·云南昆明·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Couldyoupleasetellme________whentheymeetforthefirsttimeinChina?—Theyusuallyshakehands.A．whatdopeopleusuallydo B．whatpeopleusuallydoC．wheredopeopleusuallygo D．wherepeopleusuallygo2．（2022·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Canyoutellme________?—Togetpracticalskills.A．whatdoyoulearnaboutsafety B．whendoyouhavetheartfestivalC．howyoubalanceyourstudiesandhobbies D．whyyoulearncookingatschool3．（2022·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Jenny,doyouknow________?—Er,nextTuesday.A．whenthesportsmeetingwilltakeplace B．whenwillthesportsmeetingtakeplaceC．wherethesportsmeetingwilltakeplace D．wherewillthesportsmeetingtakeplace4．（2022·廣西梧州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Mr.Brown,couldyoutellme________ourChineseexam?—Sure.ItwillbeinRoom201.A．whenwillwehave B．wherewillwehaveC．whenwewillhave D．wherewewillhave5．（2022·廣西貴港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Iwonder________.—I’mnotsure.Maybeyes.A．ifhasDavegothisdriver’slicenseB．howlonghasDavegothisdriver’slicenseC．ifDavehasgothisdriver’slicenseD．howlongDavehasgothisdriver’slicense6．（2022·四川樂山·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Hi,Jack.Doyouknow__________?Iwanttothankhimorherinperson.—No,itwasjustleftonthefrontdesk.A．whosentmywalletbackB．wheredidtheyfindmywalletC．howmuchmoneywasinmywallet7．（2022·湖南岳陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theywonder_______.A．ifrobotswillthinklikeahumanin25to50yearsB．ifwillrobotsthinklikeahumanin25to50yearsC．whenrobotswillthinklikeahumanin25to50years8．（2022·四川廣元·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—The2022WinterOlympicswasheldinChina.Doyouknow______?—Yes.InBeijingandZhangjiakou.A．whenitwasheld B．whenwasitheld C．whichcitieswasitheldin D．whichcitiesitwasheldin9．（2022·湖南懷化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Doyouknow_______?—Sheisateacher.A．WhatisLinda’sjob B．WhatLinda’sjobis C．WhatwasLinda’sjob10．（2022·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Therewillbearobotonshowinourschoolnextweek.—Really?Iwonder________.A．whatitlikes B．whatitislike C．whatdoesitlike D．whatisitlike11．（2022·黑龍江牡丹江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Iwonder________Dr.Liwillbeatworktomorrow,sir.—I’mnotsure.Heisvolunteeringinamunity.A．how B．if C．why12．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）SHENZHOU14wasliftedoffsuccessfully!Couldyoutellme_______?A．inwhichcentreitwillbeliftedoffB．whoenteredChinaSpaceStationthistimeC．whatwillitmeantothedevelopmentofChinaD．thatthreeastronautsenteredChinaSpaceStation13．（2022·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Excuseme.Iamnewhere.Canyoutellme________?—Sure.Gostraightandyouwillseeitonyourleft.A．whereisthenearestcinema B．wherewasthenearestcinemaC．wherethenearestcinemais D．wherethenearestcinemawas14．（2022·湖北荊州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Iamworried________Icanenteragoodhighschoolornot.—Workhardandtrustinyourself.A．why B．what C．whether D．where15．（2022·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Doyouknow________?—Yes.Weshouldtrytowastelessbutrecyclemore.A．howcanweliveagreenlife B．howwecanliveagreenlifeC．whyshouldweliveagreenlife D．whenweshouldliveagreenlife16．（2022·廣西河池·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—David,couldyoutellme________?—Heistallandhasshorthair.A．whatournewP.E.teacherlookslikeB．whatournewP.E.teacherlikesC．whereournewP.E.teacheresfromD．whenournewP.E.teacherwasborn17．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）—Thetabletennismatchissoexciting.Theoppositeteamisreallystrong.—Yes,butIneverdoubt________ourteamwillwin.A．if B．that C．whether D．why18．（2022·上?！そy(tǒng)考二模）Mydadpromisedonhisbirthdaythathe________smokinginthenearfuture.A．willgiveup B．wouldgiveup C．gaveup D．hadgivenup19．（2022·重慶·校聯(lián)考一模）Hermotherhopes________beadancerinthefuture.A．herto B．hercan C．shecan D．sheto20．（2022·江蘇淮安·?？家荒＃狪amhavingsomeproblemswithmyson.Heseemstosaynoto________Isay.—It’snecessaryforyoutwotohavemoremunication.A．whenever B．however C．whatever D．wherever21．（2022·北京·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Thereisnousetoask________faultitis.Whatweshoulddoistosolvetheproblem.A．who B．whose C．what D．which22．（2022·山東菏澤·校聯(lián)考一模）—Iwonder________.—Theirstrongwillandloveforthecountrybringthemcourage.A．whythesemedicalworkersriskedtheirlivestofightthevirusB．whatdidthesemedicalworkersdoforthewholecountryC．ifthesevolunteerswereworriedD．whatthesevolunteershelpedwith23．（2022·遼寧盤錦·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Heasked_________.A．howwastheweathertodayB．whereGraceridesabikeC．whenWangYapingreturnedtotheearthD．thatBryanplayedsoccerwell24．（2022·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Iwonder________lateforschoolyesterday.—Badluck!Igotuplateandmissedthebus.A．howyouwere B．whywereyou C．howwereyou D．whyyouwere25．（2022·遼寧營口·?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Wehaven’tdecided________.A．thatwewillrepairourhouse B．whendidwegotothepartyC．wherewewentonvacation D．whetherwewillkeepapet二、單詞填空26．（2022·浙江杭州·統(tǒng)考二模）Ididn’tknoww_________baseballitis,soIjustputitintheLostandFound.27．（2022·四川成都·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）PleasereplybeforeFridayandtellmew_______youcanetomypartyornot.28．（2022·廣西·統(tǒng)考二模）Iwilldo______