01定語從句-2023年中考英語核心語法

定語從句精講精練一、定語從句的概念在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。Imetagirl.Thegirllookslikemyaunt.合為一句：Imetagirlwholookslikemyaunt.定語從句本質(zhì)上是從兩句話合成的，在合成的過程中，重復(fù)的詞只寫一遍為先行詞，再加連接詞，這就意味著定語從句一定不完整，缺少的成分在意思上應(yīng)為先行詞。二、引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語從句的重要成分。先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主、賓語當(dāng)先行詞是人，則關(guān)系詞用who/that/whom先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主、賓語當(dāng)先行詞是物，則關(guān)系詞用which/that先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語當(dāng)先行詞是地點(diǎn)，則關(guān)系詞用where先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間，則關(guān)系詞用when當(dāng)先行詞是原因（只限于thereason）,則關(guān)系詞用why先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)定語當(dāng)先行詞與從句主語是所屬關(guān)系時(shí)，則關(guān)系詞用whose先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)定語三.關(guān)系代詞的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語時(shí)不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（that作主語）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語）2.which用于指物，在句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.

我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語）3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom。who和whom作賓語時(shí)也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國人。（作主語）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？

正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語）（可讓學(xué)生做畫出每個(gè)句中定語從句的練習(xí)）注意：（1）當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who，whom，that，which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔?。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。（2）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.

這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。（3）that作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that不能用which的情況：a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.

他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代詞指物時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？

你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？c.先行詞被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。e.以which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：Whichisthedeskthathebought？

他買的桌子是哪一個(gè)。f.主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which，例如：ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.

桌子上那本書是湯姆的。（5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that的情況：a.

先行詞為that，those時(shí)，用which，而不用that.例如：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？

在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，which，而不用that.例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.

這是他居住的房間。c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞指事物時(shí)，用which，而不用that，例如：Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.

湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。(6)關(guān)系詞只能用that不能用whoa.以who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，避免重復(fù)Whoisthegirlthatiscring?b.先行詞有人有物ImisstheschoolandclassmatesIvisitedlastyear.(7)只能用who不能用thata.當(dāng)先行詞是one，anyone等表示人的不定代詞或指示代詞those,thatAnyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.b.在非限制性定語從句中Imetafriend,whoesfromtheUSA.c.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的丁聰用whoThereisapersonwhowantstoseeyou.四.定語從句的分類根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開，從句不可省去。非限制性定語從句與主句之間有逗號(hào)分開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。非限制性定語從句與限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：有逗號(hào)隔開非限制性定語從句可修飾單個(gè)的詞，可修飾整個(gè)句子；限制性定語從句只能修飾單個(gè)的詞。非限制性定語從句與主句關(guān)系不緊密，可刪掉，對主語主要起補(bǔ)充說明作用；限制性定語從句與主句聯(lián)系緊密，一般不能刪掉，對主句起修飾限定作用。五.關(guān)系副詞的用法1.when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。例如：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。2.where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如：Thisisplacewhereheworks.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。注：看下面三個(gè)句子總結(jié)規(guī)律Thisistheplacethat/whichheworksin.ThisistheplaceinwhichheworksThisistheplacewhereheworks.Where=inwhich,在定語從句中when,where,why連接詞可與介詞+which相互轉(zhuǎn)換3.why指原因，其先行詞是原因，why在定語從句中做原因狀語。例如：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.

沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。六.that在賓從和定從中區(qū)別(1)that在賓從中不充當(dāng)句子成分；在定從中充當(dāng)主語或賓語IknowthatIstillneedmorepicture.賓從Thegirlthatwenetonthestreetwasmyfriend.定從(2)that引導(dǎo)賓從往往置于v/prep之后；引導(dǎo)定從往往置于n/pron.之后。課堂專練1.Sorry,wedon’thavethecoat________youneed.A.what B.who

C.whom

D.which2.Thisisthedictionary________Mumgavemeformybirthday.A.which

B.what

C.whose

D.whom3.Doyouknowtheman________issittingbehindNancy?A.what

B.which

C.who

D.whom4.Thebook________heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.A./

B.why

C.when

D.what5.Ihavefoundsomepicturesofthemostinterestingplaces________youcanvisitduringthewinterholidays.A.where

B.which

C.what

D.that6.I’dliketotellyouaboutthetablemanners________youshouldknowwhenyouvisitKorea.A.which

B.who

C.what

D.how7.Isoxygentheonlygas________helpsfireburn?A.that

B./

C.which

D.it8.Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?

Ilikemusic________hasgreatlyrics.A.that

B.what

C.who

D.whose9.Thatistheonlything________Iboughtfromthesupermarket.A.which

B.that

C.what

D.where10.Theplace________interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.A.which

B.where

C.what

D.inwhich11.Thatisthepoorboy________fatherdiedinatrafficaccidentlastyear.A.who

B.whom

C.whose

D.which12.Doyouknowthegirl________isstandingunderthetree?A.who

B.whom

C.which

D.where13.Isthewoman________talkedtoourteacheryesterdayyourmother?A.who

B.whom

C.which

D.what14.Theyounglady________wemetyesterdayisournewmathsteacher.A.what

B.whose

C.whom

D.which15.Iliketoliveinahouse________isbigandbright.A.that

B.who

C.how

D.why16.Ihatepeople________talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whom

B.which

C.who

D.when17.Iamoneoftheboys________neverlateforschool.A.thatis

B.whoare

C.whoam

D.whois18.MrGreen,thereissomeoneatthefrontdesk________wouldliketospeakwithyou.A.he

B.who

C.which

D.whom19.Ilovethesmallvillage________Iwasborn.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.whose20.Hereesthegirl________handwritingisthebestinourclass.A.which

B.whose

C.that

D.who21.Myparentsusuallybuymesomesimpleclothes________canlastalongtime.A.who

B.that

C.whom

D.whose22.Isthegirl________isinterviewingthemanagerofthatpanyyourfriend?Yes,sheisajournalistfromCCTV.A.whom

B.which

C.who

D.whose23.Doyouknoweverybody________cametotheparty?No,Idon’tknowtheone________youhadalongtalkwithnearthedoor.A.who;/

B.whose;that

C.that;which

D./;whom24.Theboy________wonthefirstprizeiscalledRoy.A.when

B.whom

C.who

D.which25.Childrenlikehouses________arepaintedindifferentcolours.A.which

B.they

C.those

D.what真題專練1.Afriendissomeone______says,“What!Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone!”A.who B.Which C.What D.whose2.一Linda,canyoutellmesomethingaboutMoYan?—Sure.Heisthewriter______wontheNobel(諾貝爾)LiteraturePrize.A.which

B.whose C.who D.whom3.AWechat(微信)isaninvention______canhelppeopletalktofriends,sharephotos,ideasandfeelingfreely.A.which B.who

C.whose

D/4.Istillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers_______IvisitedinLondonyearsago.A.what

B.who

C.that

D.which

5.YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage_________hisfamilylivedtenyearsago.A.when

B.which

C.where

D.that

6.Ilikethecartoon__hasahappyendingandmakesme

.A.which;tolaugh

B.that;tolaugh

C.whose;laughing

D.which;laugh

7.—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?

—Ilikemusic______Icandanceto.

A.because

B.when

C.who

D.that

8.—Look!Thatisthewoman

Imetyesterday.—Oh?She’smyaunt.A.what

B.who

C.where

D.when9.Moststudentsliketheteachers

understandthemwell.A.which

B.who

C.where

D.when10.Mostofmyclassmatespreferloudmusic_______theycandanceto.

A.that

B.who

C.whose

D.where11.Beingblindissomething_________mostpeoplecan’timagine.A.who

B.what

C.that

D.whom12.Peoplearetalkingabouttheoldhouses____JackieChanboughtinAnhuitwentyyearsago.A.which

B.where

C.who

D.when13.—DoyouknowMoYan?—Ofcourse.Heisthefamouswriter_________wontheNobelPrizein2012.A.who

B.whom

C.Which14.Agraduationceremonyisacustomtakesplace

studentsgraduatefromaschool.A.which;when

B.that;who

C.which;whose

D.that;which15.—Doyouknowtheman______isstandingatthedoor?—Yes,Ido.He'safriendof_____.A.when;I

B.who;mineC.that;me

D.which;my16.Sheisthegirl

inventiongotthefirstprizeintheschoolpetition.A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whose17.I’llremembertheoldbuildings

Ivisitedinthevillage.A.where

B.which

C.who18.Theyounglady______isinterviewingLinZhixuanabouttheprogramIamasingerisfrom21stCenturyTalentNet.A.who

B.whom

C.which

D.whose19.Themovie______wesawlastnightwasfantastic.A.that

B.what

C.whose

D.Who20.—DoyouknowGuoMingyi?—Yes.Heisanordinary(普通的)worker______helpsmanypoorchildreninChina.Weshouldfollowhisexample.A.that

B.which

C.whom21.Ilovetheschool

IhavestudiedinforthreeyearsA.where

B.when

C.that22.ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace_____I’veevervisited.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.what23.Teenagerslikereadingthebooks_____arewrittenbyGuoJingjing.A.who

B.what

C.whose

D.that24.It’sbadforhealthtohurrytomoveintoahouse______hasnewfurnitureinit.

A.who

B.where

C.that

25.Theman_________

istalkingtoourteacherisBetty’sfather.A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.what26.Thehouse________LuXunusedtoliveisnowamuseum.

A.which

B.that

C.inwhich

D.there

27.Ican'tfindthebook__________mymotherboughtme.A.who

B.when

C.which28.TheGayGeniusisthebook

Iliketoreadeveryday.A.that

B.who

C.what29.—Whatareyoulookingfor?

—I’mlookingforthewatch____Iboughtyesterday.

A.which

B.who

C.whose30.—WhyisTomsosad?—Hehaslosthisnewbike_______costhim1800yuan.A.who

B.which

C.whose31.LiuYangisthefirstChinesewomanastronaut_______hasevertraveledinspace.

A.whom

B.which

C.who

D.whose

32.Mostofmyfriendslikeloudmusic

theycandanceto.A.that

B.what

C.when33.Thisistheschool_______wevisitedlastyear.A.that

B.where

C.who

D.whose34.

Lilydoesn’tknow______sheandherfriendscandotohelpthelittleboy________parentshavelefttheirhometownformakingmoney.A.that;whose

B.how;who

C.what;who

D.what;whose35.Ireallylikethephotoofmyfamily_____mysistertookinthecityparklastyear.A.which

B.who

C.what

D.whom36.Tommycouldn’tstopthinkingabouttheboy______madehimafoolinthewhole

ofclass.A.whom

B.which

C.what

D.who37.—Whichisyournewneighbour,LiuHua?—Theman_______Tshirtisred.

A.that

B.who

C.which

D.whose38.—Doyouknowthegirl______istalkingwithourteacher?—Oh,she’smysister.

A.who

B.whose

C.whom

D.where39.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I’mlookingfortheCD____Iboughtyesterday.A.that

B.who

C.whose

D.when40.

Theshop_____sellsflowersisattheendofthestreet.A.who

B.where

C.which答案解析課堂專練答案1—5DACADD 6—10AAABA 11—15CAACA16—20CBBCB 21—25BCACA1.D先行詞為thecoat，在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，連接詞用which。2.A先行詞為thedictionary，在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，連接詞用which。3.C先行詞為theman，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，故連接詞為who。4.A先行詞為thebook，在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，故連接詞用that或者which，做賓語，所以連接詞可以省略。5.D先行詞為Themostinterestingplaces，在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，故連接詞用that或者which，但先行詞被最高級(jí)修飾，連接詞只能用that。6.A先行詞tablemanners餐桌禮儀，在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，連接詞用which。7.A先行詞為theonlygas在從句中充當(dāng)主語，連接詞用that/which，但先行詞被theonly限定詞修飾，連接詞只能用that。8.A先行詞為music，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，連接詞用that。9.B先行詞為theonlything，在從句中充當(dāng)賓語,連接詞用that或者which，但有theonly限定詞只能用that。10.A先行詞為theplace，但在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵髡Z，故連接詞用which。11.C先行詞為boy，與從句主語father是所屬關(guān)系，故連接詞用whose。12.A先行詞thegirl在從句中做主語，連接詞用who。13.A先行詞thewoman從句中充當(dāng)主語，連接詞用who。14.C先行詞為theyounglady，在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，連接詞用whom。15.A先行詞ahouse，但在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵髡Z，連接詞用that。16.C先行詞為people，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，連接詞用who。17.B先行詞為theboys，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，故連接詞用that或者who，從句真正的主語是theboys，故謂語動(dòng)詞要用are。18.B先形詞為someone，在從句中做主語，連接詞用who。19.C先行詞為thesmallvillage，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，故連接詞用where。20.B先行詞為thegirl，與從句主語handwriting為所屬關(guān)系，連接詞用whose。21.B先行詞為clothes，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，連接詞用that。22.C先行詞為thegirl，在從句中作主語，連接詞用who。23.A先行詞為everybody，在從句中做主語，連接詞用who；第二空先行詞theone在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，故連接詞可省略。24.C先行詞theboy在從句中充當(dāng)主語，連接詞用who。25.A先行詞houses在從句中充當(dāng)主語，連接詞用that或者which。真題專練答案1—5ACACC 6—10DDBBA 11—15CAAAB16—20DBAAA 21—25CADCC 26—30CCAAB31—35CAADA 36—40DDAAC1.A先行詞為someone在從句中充當(dāng)主語，用who。2.C先行詞thewriter，在從句中做主語，用who。3.A先形詞為aninvention，在從句中做主語，用which。4.C先行詞thecollegeandtheteachers在從句中做賓語，既有人又有物，連接詞只能用that。5.C先行詞為thevillage在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，連接詞用where。6.D先形詞為thecarto