考點(diǎn)08動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)-2022年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)（原卷版）

考點(diǎn)八動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)命題趨勢(shì)：動(dòng)詞是用來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作行為或狀態(tài)的一類(lèi)詞。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么、處于什么狀態(tài)或做什么。動(dòng)詞有不同的形式，這些形式體現(xiàn)了動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、語(yǔ)態(tài)等信息。中考對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考查方式靈活、題型多樣。在備戰(zhàn)2020年中考時(shí)，考生要牢記近義動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的不同含義，多做練習(xí)，在實(shí)踐中加以區(qū)分。中考考查重點(diǎn)：1.動(dòng)詞辨析；2.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。考向一：動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)分類(lèi)特點(diǎn)例句實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。按其帶不帶賓語(yǔ)可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。Givemesomeink,please.請(qǐng)給我一些墨水。Heworkshard.他工作努力。連系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，必須和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份等。Heisateacher.他是一位老師。助動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，只能和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。可用來(lái)表示否定、疑問(wèn)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等。IamwatchingTV.我正在看電視。Idon’tspeakEnglish.我不說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的意義，表示人的語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)，不可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。Tomcanswim.湯姆會(huì)游泳。MayIein?我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？考向二：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)用法例句及物動(dòng)詞能直接跟賓語(yǔ)Sheboughtahookyesterday.她昨天買(mǎi)了一本書(shū)?！局R(shí)拓展】1.單賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：即只可接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如：accept接受；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；enjoy享受；forget忘記；borrow借入；buy買(mǎi)；catch抓；invent發(fā)明；found建造；like喜歡；find尋找；forget忘記；receive接受；see看見(jiàn)；say說(shuō)；show展示；make做；tell告訴等。I’msorrythatIforgotyouraddress.對(duì)不起，我忘了你的地址。2.雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：即后接間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)和直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)的動(dòng)詞，如：give給；buy買(mǎi)；pay付款；hand遞；read讀；return返還；sell賣(mài)等。Iamgoingtoreturnhimthebookstomorrowafternoon.我明天下午要把書(shū)還給他。3.接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：后接賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如：believe相信；find發(fā)現(xiàn)；hear聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，聽(tīng)說(shuō)；keep保持；make使得；see看見(jiàn)等。Theykepthimwaitingatthedoorfortwentyminutes.他們讓他在門(mén)口等了20分鐘。4.接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：如advise建議；consider考慮；finish完成；imagine想象；practise練習(xí)；suggest建議等。Shepractisesplayingthepianoeveryday.她每天都練習(xí)彈鋼琴。5.接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：如agree同意；decide決定，下決心；hope希望；refuse拒絕；manage設(shè)法等。Billrefusedtotakeresponsibilityfortheaccident.比爾拒絕對(duì)那次事故負(fù)責(zé)任。不及物動(dòng)詞不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)Heiswaitingforyouatthegate.他在門(mén)口等著你?！局R(shí)拓展】常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞：ache疼痛；appear出現(xiàn)；arise出現(xiàn)，上升，起立；arrive到達(dá)；belong屬于；care關(guān)心；e來(lái)；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，變得微弱；fall落下；flow流動(dòng)；go去；happen發(fā)生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen聽(tīng)；live生活，居??；look看；occur發(fā)生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳考向三：連系動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)常用詞例句表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、特征和身份等be(是)，look(看起來(lái))，seem(似乎)，feel(感覺(jué))，appear(出現(xiàn))，smell(聞起來(lái))，taste(嘗起來(lái))，sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))Heisagoodfather.他是一位好父親。Shelooksyoungerthanbefore.她看起來(lái)比以前年輕。表示主語(yǔ)從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài)，但側(cè)重于轉(zhuǎn)變后的結(jié)果turn(轉(zhuǎn)變)，bee(成為)，get(得到)，grow(增長(zhǎng))，go(去)，fall(跌落)，e(來(lái))，prove(證明)Everyonewillgrowold.每個(gè)人都會(huì)變老。Afterafewyears,thethingsgotworseandworse.幾年后，情況變得越來(lái)越糟糕。表示主語(yǔ)保持某種身份、特征或狀態(tài)不變keep(保持)，remain(仍舊)，stay(保持)，continue(繼續(xù))Theoldmanstayscalm.老人保持平靜。Keepquietwhileyou’regoingaround.參觀時(shí)要保持安靜。（2021·青海中考真題）Momiscookingchickensoup,it_____sogood.A．sounds B．tastes C．smells考向四：助動(dòng)詞be人稱(chēng)數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)amwasbeingbeen復(fù)數(shù)arewere第二人稱(chēng)單數(shù)arewere復(fù)數(shù)arewere第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)iswas復(fù)數(shù)arewere【知識(shí)拓展】be的用法：be主要用來(lái)構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.＂be+現(xiàn)在分詞＂構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。Myboyfriendisreadinganewspaperinthesofa.我的男朋友正坐在沙發(fā)上看報(bào)紙。2.＂be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞＂構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Thetruthwillbeknowntoeveryone.真相將會(huì)大白于天下。助動(dòng)詞do形式肯定式否定式縮略否定式原形dodonotdon’t第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)doesdoesnotdoesn’t過(guò)去式diddidnotdidn’t【知識(shí)拓展】助動(dòng)詞do的用法：do主要用來(lái)構(gòu)成否定句、疑問(wèn)句或?qū)χ^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。1.用do構(gòu)成否定句和疑問(wèn)句。Idon’tlikethiskindofmusic.我不喜歡這種音樂(lè)。2.＂do+動(dòng)詞原形＂構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句。Idoneedyourhelp.我的確需要你的幫助。助動(dòng)詞have形式肯定式否定式縮略否定式原形havehavenothaven’t第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)hashasnothasn’t過(guò)去式hadhadnothadn’t【知識(shí)拓展】助動(dòng)詞have的用法：have與過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成各種完成時(shí)態(tài)。Wehaven’tseenforalongtime.我們很久沒(méi)見(jiàn)面了考向五：動(dòng)詞的甚本形式形式規(guī)則變化例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)一般情況在動(dòng)詞后直接加slook→looks；work→works以o、s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，后加escatch→catches；go→goes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加esstudy→studies；try→tries現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況在動(dòng)詞后直接加ingread→reading；go→going以ee、oe、ye結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加ingsee→seeing；toe→toeing以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e，再加inglove→loving；write→writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)輔音字母，再加ingcut→cutting；put→putting少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變ie為y再加ingdie→dying；lie→lying過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞一般情況在動(dòng)詞后直接加edask→asked；help→helped以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只加dlike→liked；live→lived以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加edcry→cried；study→studied以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)輔音字母，再加edstop→stopped；plan→planned考向六：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成方式常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+冠詞+名詞giveaconcert開(kāi)音樂(lè)會(huì)，giveatea進(jìn)行測(cè)試，havearest休息，haveapicnic野餐，haveatry試一試，keeparecord保持紀(jì)錄，leaveamessage留言，makeaface做鬼臉，makealiving謀生，makeaspeech進(jìn)行演講，payabill付賬，takearisk冒險(xiǎn)動(dòng)詞+名詞catchfire著火，keepwatch守望/值班，makerepairs維修，playsports做運(yùn)動(dòng)，takeaction采取行，takemeasures采取措施，takeplace發(fā)生/舉行動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞catchholdof抓住，catchsightof看見(jiàn)，makecontributionsto對(duì)……做貢獻(xiàn)，makeroomfor給……騰地方，makeuseof利用，payattentionto注意，take動(dòng)詞+介詞+名詞eintouse開(kāi)始使用，getintotrouble陷入麻煩，playwithfire玩火/冒險(xiǎn)，waitinline排隊(duì)等候動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+介詞+名詞bring...tomind使想起，put...intouse應(yīng)用，put...intopractice實(shí)行/實(shí)施，take...forexample以……為例動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞addupto合計(jì)達(dá)，breakawayfrom脫離，eupwith想出/提出，catchupwith趕上，追上，goaheadwith開(kāi)始，著手，goinfor參加/追求，goalongwith一起去，holdonto堅(jiān)持，keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離，lookdownupon瞧不起/輕視，putupwith忍受/容忍，runoutof用完（2021·江蘇鹽城市·中考真題）—Hello!I’dliketospeaktotheCustomerServiceDepartment.—Please_____andI’llputyouthrough.A．holdon B．carryon C．eon D．goon1．（2021·遼寧中考真題）Thesephotos______thedoctors’unusualworkingexperiences.A．record B．receive C．remember D．realize2．（2021·遼寧中考真題）OurnationalheroYueFei______todevote（貢獻(xiàn)）himselftothecountryatayoungage.A．failed B．forgot C．promised D．refused3．（2021·遼寧丹東市·中考真題）Mother’sDay______usonceeveryyeartobethankfultomothers.A．reminds B．warns C．requires D．promises4．（2021·遼寧丹東市·中考真題）Abing’sErquanYingyue______sadandmoving.A．looks B．sounds C．smells D．tastes5．（2021·江蘇常州市·中考真題）Don’t______yourchildwithothersbecauseeverychildisatreasure.A．pare B．plain C．contact D．consider6．（2021·湖南郴州市·中考真題）—Whoseskirtisthis?—It______beCarol’s.Sheistheonlygirlintheteam.A．mightB．needC．must7．（2021·遼寧中考真題）Sitdown,please.You______betiredafterstandingforsolong.A．could B．can C．must D．might8．（2021·遼寧中考真題）Don’tyouknowpassengers______smokeonhighspeedtrains？A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．wouldn’t D．couldn’t9．（2021·遼寧丹東市·中考真題）—Look!Therearesomanypeopleintherestaurant.—Yes.Thefoodthere______bedelicious.A．shouldn’t B．can’t C．must D．need10．（2021·江蘇常州市·中考真題）—Couldyouplaythepianoattheageoffive?—No,I______.Istartedatsix.A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．couldn’t11．（2021·遼寧中考真題）—Sam,let’s______theseoldthings.Idon’tneedthemanymore.—No.Wecantrytoputthemtogooduse.A．pulldown B．fixup C．handout D．throwaway12．（2021·遼寧中考真題）Juniorhighschooldaysareoverandit’shardto______ourdearteachersandfriends.A．separatefrom B．dealwithC．believein D．dependon13．（2021·湖北鄂州市·中考真題）—WhydoesLindadislikeme?—Idon’tknow.You’llhaveto______thereasonyourself.A．goout B．bringout C．eout D．findout14．（2021·遼寧丹東市·中考真題）I’llgotoseniorhighschoolsoon.Ican’tbelievehowfastthetime______!A．wenton B．wentoff C．wentby D．wentout15．（2021·遼寧丹東市·中考真題）Ifyou______hisinvitation,hewillbeunhappy.A．cutdown B．writedown C．takedown D．turndown16．（2021·廣西玉林市·中考真題）—Whydidhe______yourinvitationthatday?—Becausehehadanimportantmeeting.A．turndown B．putaway C．turnup D．cutdown17．（2021·江蘇常州市·中考真題）Mycousiniscreativeenoughto______thenewchallengingtask.A．takeon B．takeout C．putup D．putin1．（2020·浙江·樂(lè)清市樂(lè)成公立寄宿學(xué)校一模）—I’msorry,MrHu.I________myEnglishbookathome,—Itdoesn’tmatter.Pleaseremember________itherethismorning.A．forgot;tobring B．left;totake C．forgot;totake D．left;tobring2．（2020·江蘇·揚(yáng)州教育學(xué)院附中一模）—IhopeBobwon’t________myinvitation.HowIwishhecouldetotheparty!—It’shardtosay.Helefthisplaneticketathomewhenhewenttotheairportlasttime.A．forget B．remember C．refuse D．a(chǎn)ccept3．（2020·浙江·樂(lè)清市樂(lè)成公立寄宿學(xué)校一模）—Whosecapisit?IsitCindy’s?—It________behers.Don’tyouremembersheevendidn’tetotheparty?A．can’t B．might C．maynot D．must4．（2021·浙江·溫州市第十二中學(xué)二模）—Jack,let’sgotothecinemaafterschool.—Sorry,Ihave________Miketoworkonthebiologyreportwithhim.A．promised B．expected C．a(chǎn)dvised D．encouraged5．（2021·江蘇·無(wú)錫市江南中學(xué)二模）—I’dliketomakeagoodplanbutitistoodifficultforme.—Ifyousetyourmindonit,youshouldfindawayto________it.A．choose B．remember C．a(chǎn)chieve D．suppose6．（2021·江蘇揚(yáng)州·三模）Ahardworkingman________beeagreatscientist,butagreatscientist________beahardworkingman.A．can’t;can B．maynot;must C．can’t;must D．maynot;can7．（2021·河北石家莊·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—________yougivemeahand?Ican’tmovetheboxbymyself.—Noproblem.A．Could B．Should C．Must D．Need8．（2021·江蘇·淮陰中學(xué)新城校區(qū)一模）—Whatisthatyounglady’sjob?—She________beanurse,I’mnotsure.A．must B．may C．need D．would9．（2021·江蘇·無(wú)錫市江南中學(xué)二模）Accordingtotherule,usedbatteries________bedroppedintheredbinforharmfulwastes.A．may B．would C．should D．might10．（2020·江蘇·儀征市實(shí)驗(yàn)初中三模）—Listen!Tom________belisteningtothemusicwhiledoinghishomework.—Let’sgoupstairstoremindhimtoturnitoff.A．should B．could C．would D．must11．（2020·黑龍江·哈爾濱市光華中學(xué)校三模）—Lookatmynewshoes.Itcosteighthundreddollars.—Eighthundreddollarsforapairofshoes?You________bejoking.A．can B．should C．must12．（2020·湖南·長(zhǎng)沙市雅禮實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)一模）—Thework________intwohours.—Noproblem.Let’sdoitnow.A．shouldhavefinished B．mustbefinished C．mustfinish13．（2020·山東·東營(yíng)市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)三模）—Let’s________thisboxofoldthingsanddecidewhattogiveaway.—Thisoldbreadmaker!AuntTangboughtanewoneforme.A．lookfor B．lookthrough C．lookforwardto D．lookup14．（2021·廣西·南寧市天桃實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校三模）—Whenwillthewriter’snewbook________?—Nextmonth,Iguess.A．findout B．eout C．tryout D．goout15．（2020·浙江·樂(lè)清