2023-2024學(xué)年貴州省安順市高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1貴州省安順市2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題第Ⅰ卷(選擇題共95分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whereisthewomangoingtonight?A.Acafe.B.Auniversity.C.Hersister’shome.2.Whatwillthemanprobablyhaveforlunch?A.Mcatpies.B.Eggs.C.Onionrings.3.WhatdidAlfiemainlyplaywithattheparty?A.Buildingblocks.B.Giftboxes.C.Atrainset.4.Whatistheman’sjobprobably?A.Asecretary.B.Ashopassistant.C.Adentist.5.WhattroubledoesAlvinmakefortheman?A.Healwayscopiesthesoundofhisphone.B.Healwayssayshellotostrangers.C.Healwaysringsthebells.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Besthamburgers.B.Wrongcalls.C.Salesplans.7.Whathasthemantriedtodo?A.Calltherestaurant.B.Sendtherestaurantanemail.C.Postanadfortherestaurantonline.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatwasthewoman’smainrequest?A.Todrinkatthebar.B.Tovisitat4:00p.m.C.Tositnearthestage.9.Howwillthewomanprobablypay?A.Byphone.B.Bycreditcard.C.Bycash.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatdoesthewomanlikebestabouthernewhouse?A.Thefloor.B.Thebigrooms.C.Thewindows.11.Wheredidthewomanputtheoldfurniturebefore?A.Atherapartment.B.Attheman’shome.C.Atherparents’house.12.Whenwasthewoman’snewhousebuilt?A.Inthe18thcentury.B.Inthe19thcentury.C.Inthe20thcentury.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whoarethespeakersprobably?A.Houseownerandbuyer.B.Acouple.C.Guideandtourist.14.Whatistheadvantageofthefirstchoice?A.Ithasplentyoffruit.B.Ithasabeautifulview.C.Ithasawashingmachine.15.Whydoesthewomanhesitateaboutthesecondchoice?A.Itisexpensive.B.Itisfarfromtheocean.C.Ithasnobasicfacilities.16.WhatwillthewomanpossiblydoforChristmas?A.Stayinacomfortablehotel.B.Eatfreshfruitonafarm.C.Relaxinahouseontheisland.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkoftheachievementthisyear?A.Boring.B.Unsatisfactory.C.Unexpected.18.Howoldisthecompany?A.Threeyearsold.B.Fouryearsold.C.Fiveyearsold.19.Whatwillthespeakergivetotheteammembers?A.Apayrise.B.Extraholidays.C.Cheapfoodanddrinks.20.Wheredoesthetalkprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inanoffice.C.Inanconferenceroom.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFormanypeople,childhoodisthebesttimeoftheirlives.Children’sDayiscelebratedbydifferentcountriesondifferentdaysoftheyear.Itisaholidaythatcelebratesthehappiness,healthygrowth,andbrightfutureofchildren.ChinaChildren’sDayisonJune1st.Onthisday,pupilsgotoschoolasusual,butoftenforonlyhalfoftheday.TheschooldaytendstoinvolvevariousChildren’sDayactivitiesinsteadofregularclasses.Thecelebrationdoesn’tendatschool.Afterschool,parentsusuallytaketheirchildrenouttoplay.Theyoftencelebratebyhavingapicnicintheparkorbygoingtoanamusementpark,thecinema,orthezoo.Manytouristattractions,includingtheForbiddenCity,havediscountsonadmissionorarecompletelyfreeforchildrenonthisday.JapanTheJapanesepeoplecelebrateChildren’sDayonthefifthdayofthefifthmontheveryyear.Familiesflycolorfulcarpflags(鯉魚旗)fromtheirhomes,ascarpsrepresentdeterminationandvigorinJapanesefolklore(民間傳說).TheydisplayfigurinesofSamuraiWarriorsintheirhomestosymbolizestrengthandbravery.ChildrenenjoystickyricecakesinQuercusdentataleavesandparticipateineventsaroundthecountryliketraditionalJapaneseplays.IndiaChildren’sDayiscelebratedonNovember14everyyear.ThisdatemarksthebirthanniversaryofPanditJawaharlalNehru,thefirstprimeministerofindependentIndia.Nehruwasveryfondofchildrenandso,tohonorhimandacknowledgehisworkforchildren,the14thofeveryNovemberissetasChildren’sDay.Onthisoccasion,childrenofIndiausuallygetgiftsfromtheirparents.Manyschoolsallowstudentstoattendtheirclassesincoloreddresses.Specialprogramsareheldbythechildrenthemselves.ManyschoolsholdactivitiessuchascampingtripsorfreemoviesonChildren’sDaytoallowstudentstohavefun.NewZealandInNewZealand,Children’sDayiscelebratedonthefirstSundayofMarcheachyear.Funcommunityeventsareheldthroughoutthecountryandincludegames,carnival,food,traditionalhakadancing,andmore.1.WhatdoChinesedoonChildren’sDay?A.Pupilsgotoschoolasusual.B.Thecelebrationendatschool.C.Parentsusuallytakechildrenouttoplay.D.Manytouristattractionshavenodiscounts.2.WhenistheChildren’sDayinJapan?A.June1st. B.May5th.C.November14. D.ThefirstSundayofMarch.3.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthepassage?A.Touristbrochure. B.Bookreview. C.Sciencereport. D.Newsreport.〖答案〗1.C2.B3.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，介紹了不同國家慶祝兒童節(jié)的方式?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)China部分的“Afterschool,parentsusuallytaketheirchildrenouttoplay.Theyoftencelebratebyhavingapicnicintheparkorbygoingtoanamusementpark,thecinema,orthezoo.”（放學(xué)后，父母通常會帶孩子出去玩。他們經(jīng)常通過在公園野餐或去游樂園、電影院或動物園來慶祝。）可知，中國的父母通常會帶孩子出去玩。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Japan部分的“TheJapanesepeoplecelebrateChildren’sDayonthefifthdayofthefifthmontheveryyear.”（日本人每年五月的第五天慶祝兒童節(jié)。）可知，日本的兒童節(jié)是在五月五日。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Children’sDayiscelebratedbydifferentcountriesondifferentdaysoftheyear.(兒童節(jié)在一年中的不同日子由不同的國家慶祝。)”可知，文章介紹了不同國家的兒童節(jié)慶祝方式，可以推測這篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在旅游手冊中。故選A。BMr.Jafriisa44-year-oldartistfromEngland.AstheCOVID-19spreadandmanycountrieswentintolockdown,Mr.JafriwasinDubai.Ratherthanfeelingstuckbecausehewasunabletomoveon,Mr.Jafridecidedtotakeonahugeprojectthatcould“makeareallybigdifference.”Hedecidedtocreatetheworld’slargestpaintinginawaythatwouldinvolvepeoplefromaroundtheworld.Heaskedchildrentosendhimpicturesshowinghowtheywerefeelingduringthepandemic.Hegotartworkfromkidsin140differentcountries,someofwhichwasincludedinhispainting.Usingthechildren’sideasasastartingpoint,Mr.Jafribegantopaint.Hecreatedthepaintinginthedancehallofaclosedhotel.Thepainting,called“TheJourneyofHumanity”,isover1,600squaremeters.IttookMr.Jafrisevenmonths,upto20hoursperday.Hehurthisbackbybendingoversomuchwhilehepainted.Ittookover1,000paintbrushesand6,300litersofpainttocreatethepainting.WhenhefinishedlastSeptember,hehadsetaGuinnessWorldRecordfortheworld’slargestpainting.Thepaintingwasroughlythesizeoffourbasketballcourts.SinceMr.Jafri’sgoalwastoraisemoneytohelpchildren,thepaintingwascutupinto70largepieces.Mr.Jafrihopedthatbysellingthepaintingseparately,hecouldraise$30million.ButwhenthesaleendedonMarch22,Mr.Jafrididmuchbetterthanthat.Andhedidn’thavetocutupthepieces.Thewholeartworkwassoldfor$62million,thefourthhighestpriceeverpaidforapaintingbyalivingartist.AndreAbdoune,aFrenchbusinessman,boughtall70ofthepieces.“ThepaintingwasverypowerfulwhenIsawit,”Mr.Abdounesaid,“Andforme,itwouldhavebeenamistaketoseparatethepieces.”KnowingthatthemoneywouldgotocharityalsohelpedMr.Abdounedecidetopaymore.Heplanstobuildaspecialbuildingtoshowtheartworkoff.4.WhydidMr.Jafriaskchildrentosendhimpictures?A.Becausehefeltlikebreakingtheoldthinkingpatternandcreatingsomethingnew.B.Becausehewasunabletofigureoutwhattopaint,wantingtobeinspiredbykids.C.Becausekidsfeltstuck,fortheywereunabletomoveonduringlockdown.D.Becausehewantedpeopleworldwidetoparticipateinexpressingtheirfeelings.5.Whydidtheauthormention“paintbrushesandpaint”inParagraph3?A.TocriticizeMr.Jafriforoveruse. B.Toshowthemassivenessoftheartwork.C.Tomakeacomparisonwithotherpainters. D.ToexplainwhatMr.Jafriusedforpainting.6.WhydidMr.Abdounepaymore?A.Becausehehasbeenfondofcharity.B.Becausethepaintingimpressedhim.C.Becausehewantedtohelpmorechildren.D.Becausehedidn’twanttoseparatethepieces.7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ANewGuinnessWorldRecordB.AnEnglandArtistAchievedHisDreamC.PandemicInspiresPeopleOnTheirPaintingsD.World’sLargestPaintingSellsFor$62Million〖答案〗4.D5.B6.C7.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了世界上最大的畫作以6200萬美元的價(jià)格售出?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Mr.Jafriisa44-year-oldartistfromEngland.AstheCOVID-19spreadandmanycountrieswentintolockdown,Mr.JafriwasinDubai.Ratherthanfeelingstuckbecausehewasunabletomoveon,Mr.Jafridecidedtotakeonahugeprojectthatcould“makeareallybigdifference.”（Jafri先生是一位來自英國的44歲藝術(shù)家。隨著COVID-19的傳播，許多國家進(jìn)入封鎖狀態(tài)，賈夫里正在迪拜。賈夫里沒有因?yàn)闊o法前進(jìn)而感到停滯不前，而是決定承擔(dān)一個可能“產(chǎn)生巨大影響”的大項(xiàng)目。）以及第二段第一、二句“Hedecidedtocreatetheworld’slargestpaintinginawaythatwouldinvolvepeoplefromaroundtheworld.Heaskedchildrentosendhimpicturesshowinghowtheywerefeelingduringthepandemic”（他決定用一種讓世界各地的人都參與進(jìn)來的方式來創(chuàng)作世界上最大的畫作。他讓孩子們給他發(fā)照片，展示他們在大流行期間的感受）可知，他作畫的動機(jī)是跟疫情封鎖有關(guān)，他想要全世界的人參與進(jìn)來表達(dá)在這期間的感受。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Ittookover1,000paintbrushesand6,300litersofpainttocreatethepainting.”（創(chuàng)作這幅畫需要超過1000支畫筆和6300升的顏料。）可知，作者提到“畫筆和顏料”是為了展示這幅藝術(shù)作品的龐大規(guī)模，故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“KnowingthatthemoneywouldgotocharityalsohelpedMr.Abdounedecidetopaymore.”（知道這些錢將捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，也讓阿卜杜恩決定支付更多的錢）可知，Mr.Abdoune是因?yàn)橹厘X會捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，能幫助更多的人，所以決定付更高的價(jià)格。故選C?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知文章主要是講一位英國畫家在疫情期間創(chuàng)作出一幅作品，破了吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄，成為世界上最大的畫，并且以6200萬的價(jià)格拍賣。所以短文的標(biāo)題為“世界上最大的畫作以6200萬美元的價(jià)格售出”。故選D。CAIisakeywordinourtime.Canartificialintelligenceuncoveraliar?Itsoundslikesciencefiction,butsuchanAIsystemispossible.RadaMihalcea,aprofessorofcomputerscienceandengineeringattheUniversityofMichigan,hasworkedondeceit(欺騙)detectionforaboutadecade.Thefirstthingthatresearchersworkingonartificialintelligenceandmachinelearningneedisdata.InthecaseoftheworkthatMihalceadid,theybeganwithvideosfromactualcourtcases.Forexample,adefendantspeakinginatrialinwhichheisfoundtohavecommittedacrimecouldprovideanexampleofdeceit;theyalsoemployedwordsfromwitnessesaseitherexampleoftruthfulordeceitfulstatements.Altogether,theyanalyzed121videos—abouthalfrepresenteddishoneststatements,andhalftruthful.Itwasthisdatathattheyusedtobuildmachinelearningdeceitdetectorsthatultimately(最終)hadbetweena60to75percentaccuracyrate.Onethingthesystemnoticedistheuseofpronouns—peoplewhoarelyingwouldtendtolessoftenusetheword“I”or“we”,Mihalceaexplains.“Instead,peoplewhoarelyingwouldmoreoftenuse‘you,’‘yours’.”Besides,someonetellingaliewoulduse“strongerwords”suchas“absolutely,”and“very,”thatreflectcertainty,whileinterestingly,peopletellingthetruthweremorelikelytousewordssuchas“maybe”or“probably.”Asforgestures,shepointsoutthatsomeonebeingdeceitfulwouldbemorelikelytolookdirectlyintotheeyesofthepersonquestioningthem.Theyalsotendedtousebothhandswhengesturing.However,Mihalcea’sworkis“farfromperfection,”sheadmits.“Asaresearcher,wearecontentthatwewereabletogetto75percentaccuracy.Butlookedatanotherway,that’sanerrorrateofoneinfour.”Ultimately,sheseestechnologylikethisasbeingassistiveforpeople—itcouldindicatethatitnoticedsomething“unusual”inaspeaker’sstatement,andthenperhapshaveaperson“investigatemore.”8.Howdidresearcherscreatethedeceitdetectionusingartificialintelligence?A.Theyinterviewedcriminalsincourtcases.B.TheyinvolvedAIsysteminavirtualtrial.C.Theyemployedwitnessestoidentifydishonestcriminals.D.Theyfedthesystemwithbothtruthfulanddeceitfulstatements.9.Whatisaliarlikelytodoaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Gesturewithonehand. B.Questionothersdirectly.C.Usepronounsrepeatedly. D.Speakwithstrongcertainty.10.HowdoesMihalceafeelaboutherwork?A.Itcompletelylivesuptoherexpectation.B.Itcanbeusedasanaidforhumanbeings.C.Itcanreplacehumanbeingstouncoveralie.D.Itsuccessfullylowerstheerrorrateofdetection.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheuseofpronounsandgesturesinlieB.RadaMihalcea’sresearchonliedetectionbyusingAIC.ThelimitationsofcurrentliedetectiontechnologyD.Accuracyrateofmachinelearningdeceitdetectors〖答案〗8.D9.D10.B11.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了人工智能欺騙探測器以及它是如何工作的，同時人工智能技術(shù)可以作為人類的輔助手段。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“InthecaseoftheworkthatMihalceadid,theybeganwithvideosfromactualcourtcases.Forexample,adefendantspeakinginatrialinwhichheisfoundtohavecommittedacrimecouldprovideanexampleofdeceit;theyalsoemployedwordsfromwitnessesaseitherexampleoftruthfulordeceitfulstatements.Altogether,theyanalyzed121videos—abouthalfrepresenteddishoneststatements,andhalftruthful.Itwasthisdatathattheyusedtobuildmachinelearningdeceitdetectorsthatultimately(最終)hadbetweena60to75percentaccuracyrate.(在Mihalcea所做的工作中，他們從實(shí)際法庭案件的視頻開始。例如，一名被告在他被認(rèn)定犯罪的審判中發(fā)言，可以作為欺騙的例子；他們還使用證人的話作為真實(shí)或欺騙性陳述的例子。他們總共分析了121個視頻，其中一半是不誠實(shí)的，一半是真實(shí)的。他們利用這些數(shù)據(jù)建立了機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)欺騙探測器，最終的準(zhǔn)確率在60%到75%之間。)”可知，研究人員向系統(tǒng)輸入法庭上的真話和謊言進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，以此訓(xùn)練他們的測謊能力。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Besides,someonetellingaliewoulduse‘strongerwords’suchas‘a(chǎn)bsolutely,’and“very,”thatreflectcertainty,whileinterestingly,peopletellingthetruthweremorelikelytousewordssuchas‘maybe’or“probably.”(此外，說謊的人會使用‘絕對’和‘非?！取鼜?qiáng)烈的詞’來反映確定性，而有趣的是，說實(shí)話的人更有可能使用“也許”或“可能”等詞。)”可知，撒謊者說話時措辭比較強(qiáng)硬，會使用“絕對、非常”等體現(xiàn)很強(qiáng)確定性詞語。故選D?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Ultimately,sheseestechnologylikethisasbeingassistiveforpeople—itcouldindicatethatitnoticedsomething‘unusual’inaspeaker’sstatement,andthenperhapshaveaperson“investigatemore.”(最終，她認(rèn)為這樣的技術(shù)對人們是有幫助的——例如，它可以表明它注意到說話者的陳述中有一些‘不尋?！牡胤?，然后可能讓一個人“進(jìn)一步調(diào)查”)”可知，人工智能技術(shù)可以作為人類的輔助手段。故選B?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Canartificialintelligenceuncoveraliar?Itsoundslikesciencefiction,butsuchanAIsystemispossible.RadaMihalcea,aprofessorofcomputerscienceandengineeringattheUniversityofMichigan,hasworkedondeceit(欺騙)detectionforaboutadecade.(人工智能能發(fā)現(xiàn)騙子嗎？這聽起來像科幻小說，但這樣的人工智能系統(tǒng)是可能的。密歇根大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與工程教授RadaMihalcea研究欺騙檢測已有十年左右的時間)”可知，本文主要介紹了RadaMihalcea研究人工智能欺騙探測器的開發(fā)原理、當(dāng)前的發(fā)現(xiàn)，以及對其評價(jià)。由此可知，選項(xiàng)B“RadaMihalcea’sresearchonliedetectionbyusingAI(RadaMihalcea利用人工智能進(jìn)行測謊的研究)”適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。DEvidenceofplanninghasbeenunearthedintheruinsofcitiesinChina,India,Egypt,theMediterraneanworld,andSouthandCentralAmerica.Earlyexamplesofeffortstowardplannedurbandevelopmentincludeorderlystreetsystems,functionalquartersinacityandadvancedsystemsofdefense,watersupply,anddrainage.Mostoftheevidenceisinsmallercitiesbuiltinrelativelyshortperiodsascolonies(殖民地).ForhundredsofyearsduringtheMiddleAges,therewaslittlebuildingofcitiesinEurope.Eventuallytownsgrewupascentersofchurchorauthority,ofmarketingortrade.Astheurbanpopulationgrew,problemsofovercrowdinginearlyEuropeancities,theblockingoutofairandlightandverypoorcleanness,certainquartersofthecitiesrestrictedtodifferentnationalities,classes,ortradesjustcame,asstilloccurinmanycitiesofthedevelopingworldnow.ThephysicalformofmedievalandRenaissance(文藝復(fù)興時期)townsandcitiesfollowedthepatternofthevillage,spreadingalongastreetoracrossroadsincircularpatternsorinirregularshapes.MoststreetswerelittlemorethanfootpathsandeveninmajorEuropeancitiespavingwasnotwidelyintroducedbeforethe12thcentury.Asthepopulationofthecitygrew,wallswereoftenexpanded,butfewcitiesatthetimeexceededamileinlength.Somet?messiteswerechanged,andmanynewcitiesappearedwithincreasingpopulation—frequentlyaboutoneday’swalkapart.Townsrangedinpopulationfromseveralhundredtoperhaps40,000.ConsciousattemptstoplancitiesreappearedinEuropeduringtheRenaissance,withtheirprimegoaltoglorifyarulerorastate.Fromthe16thcenturytotheendofthe18th,manycitieswerelaidoutandbuiltsplendidly.Theresultmayhavepleasedandinspiredthecitizens,butitrarelycontributedtotheirhealth,tothecomfortoftheirhomes,ortoefficiencyinmanufacturing,distribution,andmarketing.Inmuchoftheworld,cityplanswerebasedontheconceptofacentrallylocatedpublicspace.Theplansdiffered,however,intheirprinciplesforresidentialdevelopment.IntheUnitedStatestheNewEnglandtowngrewaroundacentralpublicspace.AlsofromtheNewEnglandtowncamethetraditionofthefreestandingsingle-familyhousethatbecamethenormforbigcities.Thecentralplaza,place,orsquareprovidedacentralpointforEuropeancityplansaswell.IncontrasttoAmericanresidentialdevelopment,though,Europeandomesticarchitecturewasdominatedbytheattachedhouse.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“as”inparagraph2referto?A.problems B.earlyEuropeancitiesC.certainquartersofthecities D.nationalities13.WhydidtheEuropeansmakecityplansduringtheRenaissance?A.Tocomfortresidentialhomes. B.Topromotedistributionandmarketing.C.Tocontributetocitizen’shealth. D.Tohonorarulerorastate.14.Whatcanbeinferredbasedonthetext?A.TherewasmuchbuildingofcitiesinEuropeduringtheMiddleAges.B.SomecitieshadorderlystreetsystemsincountrieslikeChina,India,Egyptinhistory.C.TheNewEnglandtownintheUnitedStatesgrewaroundacentralpublicspace.D.Asthepopulationofthecitygrew,manycitiesgotenlargedintheRenaissance.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Thedevelopmentofurbanplanning. B.Evidenceofcitiesdevelopment.C.Traditionalurbanforms. D.ThedevelopmentofcitiesintheRenaissance.〖答案〗12.A13.D14.B15.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了城市規(guī)劃的發(fā)展歷程?！?2題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“Astheurbanpopulationgrew,problemsofovercrowdinginearlyEuropeancities,theblockingoutofairandlightandverypoorcleanness,certainquartersofthecitiesrestrictedtodifferentnationalities,classes,ortradesjustcame(隨著城市人口的增長，早期歐洲城市出現(xiàn)了過度擁擠的問題，空氣和光線被阻隔，清潔程度很差，城市的某些地區(qū)限制不同國籍、階級或行業(yè)的人居住)”和“stilloccurinmanycitiesofthedevelopingworldnow(現(xiàn)在許多發(fā)展中國家的城市仍然存在)”可知，早期歐洲城市存在過度擁擠、空氣和光線被遮擋以及非常不清潔的問題，城市的某些區(qū)域被不同的民族、階級或行業(yè)所限制，這些問題在當(dāng)今許多發(fā)展中國家的城市中仍然存在。劃線詞as指代的是前文提到的problems，即“問題”。A.problems問題；B.earlyEuropeancities早期歐洲城市；C.certainquartersofthecities城市的某些地區(qū)；D.nationalities民族。故選A?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“ConsciousattemptstoplancitiesreappearedinEuropeduringtheRenaissance,withtheirprimegoaltoglorifyarulerorastate.(在文藝復(fù)興時期，歐洲重新出現(xiàn)了有意識地規(guī)劃城市的嘗試，其主要目標(biāo)是美化統(tǒng)治者或國家。)”可知，歐洲在文藝復(fù)興時期重新出現(xiàn)了有意識的城市規(guī)劃嘗試，其主要目的是為了榮耀統(tǒng)治者或國家。故選D?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“EvidenceofplanninghasbeenunearthedintheruinsofcitiesinChina,India,Egypt,theMediterraneanworld,andSouthandCentralAmerica.Earlyexamplesofeffortstowardplannedurbandevelopmentincludeorderlystreetsystems,functionalquartersinacityandadvancedsystemsofdefense,watersupply,anddrainage.(在中國、印度、埃及、地中海地區(qū)以及南美洲和中美洲的城市廢墟中都發(fā)現(xiàn)了規(guī)劃的證據(jù)。規(guī)劃城市發(fā)展的早期例子包括有序的街道系統(tǒng)、城市的功能區(qū)以及先進(jìn)的防御、供水和排水系統(tǒng)。)”可知，在中國、印度、埃及等國家的歷史上，一些城市有有序的街道系統(tǒng)。故選B。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“EvidenceofplanninghasbeenunearthedintheruinsofcitiesinChina,India,Egypt,theMediterraneanworld,andSouthandCentralAmerica.Earlyexamplesofeffortstowardplannedurbandevelopmentincludeorderlystreetsystems,functionalquartersinacityandadvancedsystemsofdefense,watersupply,anddrainage.(在中國、印度、埃及、地中海地區(qū)以及南美洲和中美洲的城市廢墟中都發(fā)現(xiàn)了規(guī)劃的證據(jù)。規(guī)劃城市發(fā)展的早期例子包括有序的街道系統(tǒng)、城市的功能區(qū)以及先進(jìn)的防御、供水和排水系統(tǒng)。)”可知，文章主要介紹了城市規(guī)劃的發(fā)展歷程。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Photographyformehasalwaysbeenakey.Itopensupdoors,givesmeanexcusetotravelwithmorepurpose,andletsmeseebehindthescenes.____16____—“Bettergetbacktotakingphotos.Nicetochat!”Whatismyadvicetobeginners?Ididn’tstudyphotography;I’mnotformallytrained;____17____Butthat’snotwhatphotographyisaboutforme.Ifyouwanttobeaphotographer,beconstantlyaskingyourselfthequestion:“Whatisthestoryhere?”Itdoesn’tmatterifyouareshootingadishatyourfavoriterestaurantorthefoodwasteprocessingplantthatdealswithwat’sleftover—____18____Whatdoesthatmean?IfI’mphotographingadinnerpartyforSocialSupply,it’simportanttocapturenotjusttheplateoffood,buttostepbackandcapturethescenearoundit.IfI’mtakingphotosofamushroomharvestinYunnan,Imakesuretofindananglethatshowsjusthowmuchthey’veharvested,butalsoafewclose-upsoftheweatheredhandsthatarecarefullysorting.____19____I’vetakenhundredsofthousandsofphotosthisyearalone.Themoreyoushootthebetteryouwillbe.So,startshooting—anythingandeverything,butspeciallyyourfiends’businessesandprojects.DoIhaveagoodcamera?Yes,butsomepeoplestillthinkthatthephotosIpostfrommyphoneweretakenonthatcamera,sodon’tconfuseagooddevicewithbeingagoodphotographer.____20____sostartthere,andstarttoday.A.Letthestoryguideyou.B.Ihavevirtuallynoartexperience.C.Likeanything,photographyrequirespractice.D.Photographybecomesanincredibledrivetoexplore.E.Someofmyfavoritephotographersjustusetheirphone.F.Italsohelpstoslipoutofawkwardsmalltalkatparties.G.Ifeeldeeplyconnectedwithwhateveriscapturedthroughmycameralens.〖答案〗16.F17.B18.A19.C20.E【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者結(jié)合自身經(jīng)歷給出了一些攝影的建議。【16題詳析】上文“Photographyformehasalwaysbeenakey.Itopensupdoors,givesmeanexcusetotravelwithmorepurpose,andletsmeseebehindthescenes.(攝影對我來說一直是個關(guān)鍵。它為我打開了一扇門，給了我一個更有目的旅行的借口，讓我看到了幕后。)”提到了攝影對作者的重要性；下文““Bettergetbacktotakingphotos.Nicetochat!”(“還是聊回拍照吧。這很好聊!”)”轉(zhuǎn)而提到“回到拍照的話題”，為過渡句，下文第二段開始提出學(xué)習(xí)攝影的建議。由此可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是承接上文的話題，與攝影的好處相關(guān)。F項(xiàng)“Italsohelpstoslipoutofawkwardsmalltalkatparties.(這也有助于在聚會上避免尷尬的閑聊。)”中的it指代上文的Photography，alsohelps也與上文對應(yīng)。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】上文“Ididn’tstudyphotography;I’mnotformallytrained;(我沒有學(xué)過攝影；我沒有受過正規(guī)訓(xùn)練；)”提到了作者既沒學(xué)過攝影，也沒有受過正規(guī)訓(xùn)練；下文“Butthat’snotwhatphotographyisaboutforme.(但這不是攝影對我的意義。)”轉(zhuǎn)而提到上文提到的那些都不是攝影對作者的意義。結(jié)合設(shè)空處前面的分號可知，設(shè)空處與上文兩個句子構(gòu)成排比句式。B項(xiàng)“Ihavevirtuallynoartexperience.(我?guī)缀鯖]有美術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。)”與上文對應(yīng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】上文“Ifyouwanttobeaphotographer,beconstantlyaskingyourselfthequestion:“Whatisthestoryhere?”Itdoesn’tmatterifyouareshootingadishatyourfavoriterestaurantorthefoodwasteprocessingplantthatdealswithwat’sleftover(如果你想成為一名攝影師，就要不斷地問自己這個問題：“這里的故事是什么？”無論你是在你最喜歡的餐館拍攝一道菜，還是在處理剩飯剩菜的食物垃圾處理廠)”提到了如果相當(dāng)一名攝影師，就要不斷問自己“這里的故事是什么？”；下文“Whatdoesthatmean?IfI’mphotographingadinnerpartyforSocialSupply,it’simportanttocapturenotjusttheplateoffood,buttostepbackandcapturethescenearoundit.(這是什么意思？如果我正在為SocialSupply拍攝晚宴，重要的是不僅要捕捉一盤食物，還要退后一步，捕捉周圍的場景。)”通過舉例子進(jìn)一步解釋了問“這里的故事是什么？”的含義。A項(xiàng)“Letthestoryguideyou.(讓故事引導(dǎo)你。)”與上文的“Whatisthestoryhere?”對應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】設(shè)空處位于段首，為段落主旨句；下文“I’vetakenhundredsofthousandsofphotosthisyearalone.Themoreyoushootthebetteryouwillbe.So,startshooting—anythingandeverything,butspeciallyyourfiends’businessesandprojects.(僅今年一年，我就拍了數(shù)十萬張照片。你拍得越多，你就會越好。所以，開始拍攝吧，什么都可以，尤其是你朋友的生意和項(xiàng)目。)”提到了拍得越多，就會越好，說明攝影是需要練習(xí)的。C項(xiàng)“Likeanything,photographyrequirespractice.(像任何事情一樣，攝影需要練習(xí)。)”最能概括本段內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】上文“DoIhaveagoodcamera?Yes,butsomepeoplestillthinkthatthephotosIpostfrommyphoneweretakenonthatcamera,sodon’tconfuseagooddevicewithbeingagoodphotographer.(我有好的相機(jī)嗎？是的，但有些人仍然認(rèn)為我從手機(jī)上發(fā)布的照片是用那臺相機(jī)拍攝的，所以不要把一個好設(shè)備和一個好攝影師混為一談。)”提到了不要把好設(shè)備和好攝影師混為一談，由此可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)與攝影設(shè)備和攝影師有關(guān)。E項(xiàng)“Someofmyfavoritephotographersjustusetheirphone.(我最喜歡的一些攝影師只用他們的手機(jī)拍。)”與上下文對應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。InasmalltownlivedMatthew,adiligent(勤奮的)youthwithapassionforEnglish.Nevertheless,hewascompletely____21____oftheonlineworld,leadinghimtopayaheavy____22____inacaselater.Oneday,Matthewreceivedanemailfromastranger,claimingby____23____aspecialEnglishlearningmaterial,hecouldeasilyimprovehisgrades.Theemailalso____24____severalsuccessstories,whichconvincedMatthew.Hefollowedtheinstructionsandtransferredmuchmoneytothesender’s____25____.Receivingthematerial,hefounditworthless.Matthewfelt____26____andregretful,yetpowerless.However,thestorydidn’t____27____there.Afterthesetback,Matthewbeganto____28____theworldofonlinescams(詐騙).Discoveringsimilarones,hedecidedtousehisEnglishskillstoexposethemonsocialmedia,and____29____peopletobewatchfulofonlinescams.Matthew’sstoryspreadthroughoutthetown.Peopleexpressedtheir____30____andsupport.Withhisassistance,manypeopleescapedonlinescams.Everyoneneedsto____31____learnaboutrelevantknowledgesoastoenhancetheirawarenessof____32____.TheInternetisn’twithoutrisks.Whenwe____33____setbacks,don’tgiveup.It’stheseexperiencesthatmakeusmorematureandcherishour____34____andprivacy.Let’sunitetoestablishasafeand____35____onlineenvironment!21.A.capable B.ignorant C.cautious D.suspicious22.A.price B.fine C.rent D.debt23.A.sharing B.reviewing C.developing D.purchasing24.A.lacked B.deleted C.included D.translated25.A.donation B.contract C.account D.document26.A.cheated B.relieved C.rejected D.motivated27.A.end B.occur C.progress D.transform28.A.withdrawfrom B.interactwith C.pushforward D.diginto29.A.reminded B.permitted C.forbade D.hired30.A.anxiety B.admiration C.desire D.forgiveness31.A.rapidly B.temporarily C.individually D.continuously32.A.charity B.reform C.prevention D.participation33.A.cause B.encounter C.witness D.bear34.A.wisdom B.memory C.freedom D.property35.A.accessible B.permanent C.harmonious D.complicated〖答案〗21.B22.A23.D24.C