ITU：2024年數(shù)字化企業(yè)綠色發(fā)展水平評估報告：監(jiān)測排放和氣候承諾 Greening Digital Companies Report 2024

GreeningCompanies

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GreeningDigitalCompaniesReport2024

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Requiredcitation:ITUandWBA.2024.GreeningDigitalCompanies2024.GenevaandAmsterdam.

ISBN978-92-61-39581-0

?InternationalTelecommunicationUnionandWorldBenchmarkingAlliance,2024

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Acknowledgements

ThisreportwaswrittenbyMichaelMinges(WBA)

andRosieMcDonald(ITU),withcontributionsfrom

VanessaGray(ITU).TheauthorswishtothankexpertsfromWBA(PernillaBergmark,LuisCosta),ITU(ReynaUbeda),Orange(Jean-ManuelCanet)andGSMA

(GeorgeKamiya)whogenerouslycontributedtheirtimeandinsightstoreviewingthereport.

Design:StrategicAgenda|

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GreeningDigitalCompaniesReport2024

TableofContents

Listoftables,figuresandboxes4

Acronymsandabbreviations

6

Foreword

7

Executivesummary9

AboutITUandWBA11

1Climateimpactofdigitalcompanies13

2

Scope3emissions

21

2.1

Introduction

22

2.2

AnalysisbyScope3emissioncategory

29

2.2.1

Purchasedgoodsandservices

29

2.2.2

Capitalgoods

30

2.2.3

Fuel-andenergy-relatedactivities

31

2.2.4

Upstreamtransportationanddistribution

32

2.2.5

Wastegeneratedinoperations

33

2.2.6

Businesstravel

34

2.2.7

Employeecommuting

36

2.2.8

Upstreamleasedassets

37

2.2.9

Downstreamtransportationanddistribution

38

2.2.10

Processingofsoldproducts

39

2.2.11

Useofsoldproducts

40

2.2.12

End-of-lifetreatmentofsoldproducts

41

2.2.13

Downstreamleasedassets

43

2.2.14

Franchises

44

2.2.15

Investments

45

2.3

Scope3targets

47

3

Assessment

49

4

Conclusions

51

5

Annex

56

5.1Assessmentmethodology65

5.1.1Target

65

5.1.2Data65

5.1.3Performance65

5.1.4Assessmentexample

66

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GreeningDigitalCompaniesReport2024

Listoftables,figuresandboxes

Tables

Table2.1:Mostrelevantcategoriesfordigitalcompanyindustries28

Table2.2:Devicesrecoveredbytelecommunicationoperators,202243

Table2.3:Singtelinvestmentemissions,202246

Table2.4:CompanieswithmeasurableScope3targets,202347

Table4.1:CurrentandemergingScope3emissiondisclosurerequirements55

Table5.1:Companyoverview57

Table5.2:AssessmentcalculationforApple68

Table5.3:Assessmentscore70

Table5.4:ScienceBasedTargetinitiative(SBTi)emissionsreductiontarget79

Figures

Figure1.1:Top10companiesbyoperationalScope1and2emissions,20221

4

Figure1.2:Top10companiesbyelectricityusedandcompaniespurchasing100percent

renewableelectricity,202215

Figure1.3:Topcorporatepurchasersofrenewableenergy,GW,202216

Figure2.1:Threescopesofemission23

Figure2.2:Sourceofdigitalcompanyemissions,202223

Figure2.3:Emissionsaremutuallyexclusive

24

Figure2.4:Emissionsarecounterbalanced25

Figure2.5:Doublecountingallowed26

Figure2.6:NokiadistributionofScope3emissions,202227

Figure2.7:Top10companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category1-Purchasedgoods

andservices,202229

Figure2.8:Applesuppliercleanenergyprogramme30

Figure2.9:Top10companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category2-Capitalgoods,202231

Figure2.10:Top10companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category3-Fuel-andenergy-related

activities,202231

Figure2.11:Top10companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category4-Upstreamtransportation

anddistribution,202232

Figure2.12:Top10companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category5-Wastegenerated

inoperations,202234

Figure2.13:Top10companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category6-Businesstravel,202234

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GreeningDigitalCompaniesReport2024

Figure2.14:Capgeminibusinesstravelemissions35

Figure2.15:Top10companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category7-Employeecommuting,202236

Figure2.16:Infosysemployeecommutingemissions;andtop10companiesbycommutingemissions

peremployee,202237

Figure2.17:Top10companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category8-Upstreamleasedassets,202238

Figure2.18:Top10companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category9-Downstreamtransportation

anddistribution,202239

Figure2.19:Top10companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category10-Processingofsold

products,202239

Figure2.20:Top10companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category11-Useofsoldproducts202241

Figure2.21:Top10companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category12-End-of-lifetreatment

ofsoldproducts,202242

Figure2.22:Top10companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category13-Downstreamleased

assets,202244

Figure2.23:Companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category14-Franchises,202245

Figure2.24:Top10companiesbyabsoluteandrelativeemissions,Category15-Investments,202246

Figure3.1:Companiesscoringatleast75percentontheclimateassessment50

Boxes

Box2.1:Emissionallocationprinciples24

Box2.2:Innovativewastemanagement33

Box2.3:Intelemployeebusinesstravel35

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GreeningDigitalCompaniesReport2024

Acronymsandabbreviations

AIArtificialintelligence

CO2eCarbondioxideequivalent

CSDDDCorporateSustainabilityDueDiligenceDirective

CSRDCorporateSustainabilityReportingDirective

DIBDigitalInclusionBenchmark

EPRExtendedproducerresponsibility

ESGEnvironmental,socialandgovernance

EUEuropeanUnionFYFiscalyear

GHGGreenhousegas

GPUGraphicsprocessingunit

HQHeadquarters

ICTsInformationandcommunicationtechnologies

IEAInternationalEnergyAgencyIoTInternetofThings

IPCCInternationalPanelforClimateChange

ISOInternationalStandardisationOrganisation

ISSBInternationalSustainabilityStandardsBoard

ITInformationtechnology

ITUInternationalTelecommunicationUnion

kW,kWhkilowatt,kilowatt-hours

MW,MWhMegawatt,megawatt-hours

SBTiScienceBasedTargetsinitiative

UNUnitedNations

USDUnitedStatesdollar

TW,TWhTerawatt,terawatt-hours

WBAWorldBenchmarkingAlliance

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GreeningDigitalCompaniesReport2024

Foreword

Inaneramarkedbyrapidtechnologicaladvancementandanurgentcallforenvironmentalsustainability,digital

technologycompaniesstandattheforefrontoftheglobaltransitiontoanet-zerosociety.Theenvironmentalimpactofthedigitalindustryiscomplex,presentingbothbenefitsandsignificantchallenges.Theirpotentialtodrive

climatechangemonitoring,energyoptimization,andtheadoptionoflow-emissiontechnologiesbecomesevident;

yet,digitalizationalsosparksenvironmentalconcerns,includingaboutincreasedenergyandwaterconsumption,rawmaterialdepletion,ande-waste.Forexample,the

GlobalE-wasteMonitor2024

reported62billionkgof

e-wastewasgeneratedgloballyin2022.

ThisthirdeditionoftheGreeningDigitalCompaniesreport,acollaborativeeffortbytheTelecommunication

DevelopmentBureau(BDT)oftheInternationalTelecommunicationUnion(ITU)andtheWorldBenchmarking

Alliance(WBA),assessesgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsandenergyuseof200digitalcompanies.Thereport

offersadetailedanalysisofdata,deliveringinsightsintobestpracticesaimedatimprovingcompanies’emission

reductionperformance,advancingtowardslow-carbonoperations,andenhancedclimatereporting.Thereporthasrevealedthattheracetodevelopartificialintelligence(AI)andexpanddatacentersisdrivingunprecedentedgrowthinthedigitalsector,yetitisalsofuellingasharpriseinGHGemissionsandenergyconsumption.Thesecompaniesaremakingsignificantinvestmentsinrenewableenergy,yetthechallengesofintegratingtheseresources,especiallyasAI-drivenenergydemandsgrow,remainsubstantial.

Whilemanydigitalcompaniesdisclosetheiroperationalemissions,asignificantportionoftheircarbonfootprint

-relatedtotheirentirevaluechain,includingsuppliers,transportation,andproductuse-remainsunderreported.Ofthe200companiesreviewed,onlyafractionfullydisclosesthesebroaderemissions,whichareonaverage,

sixtimeslargerandthereforeoftenconstitutemostoftheirenvironmentalimpact.Moreover,just42companies

havecommittedtoreducingtheseemissionsacrossallrelevantcategories,underscoringtheneedformore

comprehensiveandtransparentreportingpractices.AddressingthecomplexitiesofGHGemissionreportinginthedigitalsectorrequiresconcertedeffortstowardsstandardization,transparency,andambitiousreductiontargets.

Asregulatorybodiestightenemissionreportingrequirements,itisclearthatdigitalcompaniesmustbalancetheir

innovativedrivewithastrongercommitmenttoenvironmentalsustainability.Tosupportthis,thereportrecommendsthatgovernmentsshouldestablishapproachesformonitoringofnationalICTsectorGHGemissionsandenergyuse,andplayaroleinacceleratinggreenenergyavailability.

Thereportshedslightonthedisparitiesinrenewableenergyadoptionacrossregions.Whilecompanies

headquarteredinEuropeleadinsourcing100percentrenewableelectricity,thoseinEastAsiadominateinoverallelectricityconsumption,oftenrelyingheavilyonnon-renewablesources.Thisimbalancehighlightstheneedforamoreequitableglobalapproachtoenergysustainabilityinthedigitalsector.

Datafromthisreporthighlightsthatthe200companiesassessedcollectivelyaccountfornearly1percentofglobalGHGemissionsandaround2percentofelectricityusewiththeactualnumberscertainlyhighersincecompanies

donotreportedacrossallGHGemissioncategories.Thegoalofachievinga“twintransition”-simultaneouslyadvancingdigitalgrowthandenvironmentalsustainability–isfacingchallengesasthesector’scarbonfootprintcontinuestogrow,raisingconcernsaboutitsprogresstoglobalclimategoals.

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GreeningDigitalCompaniesReport2024

Thedigitalsectorhasthepotentialtoleadinthefightagainstclimatechange,butthisrequiresarenewedfocus

onreducingemissionsacrosstheentirevaluechain,investinginsustainableenergysolutions,andensuringthat

therapidadvancementsinAIdonotcomeatthecostofourplanet’sfuture.Findingsofthereportwillbeused

tomonitorICTsectorcommitmentstowardsnet-zeroandprogressonITU’s

GreenDigitalAction

.ITUandWBA

remaincommittedtosupportingdigitalcompaniesintheseendeavours,drivingtheinformationandcommunication

technologysectortowardsamoresustainableandlow-carbonfuture.Weinviteyoutoexplorethedataandexamplesinthisreport.

DrCosmasLuckysonZavazava

Director,TelecommunicationDevelopmentBureauInternationalTelecommunicationUnion

MsLourdesO.Montenegro

Director,ResearchandDigitisationWorldBenchmarkingAlliance

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GreeningDigitalCompaniesReport2024

Executivesummary

Digitaltechnologycompaniesarepivotalintheglobaltransitiontoalow-carboneconomy,spearheading

initiativestoreducegreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsthrough,interalia,significantinvestmentsin

renewableenergyandbyenablingothersectors

tolowertheiremissionsviadigitalproductsand

services.Advancementsintechnologieslikethe

InternetofThings,roboticsandartificialintelligence,offerpotentialforclimatechangemonitoring,

energyoptimization,andadoptionoflow-emissiontechnologies.However,digitalizationalsohas

considerableimpactsontheenvironmentincludingGHGemissions,energyandwaterconsumptionande-waste.

ThisjointInternationalTelecommunicationUnion(ITU)andtheWorldBenchmarkingAlliance(WBA)report,nowinitsthirdedition,evaluatestheGHGemissionsandenergyuseof200leadingdigitalcompanies.

Thereportoffersinsightsandbestpracticestohelpthesecompaniestoimprovetheiremissionsreductionperformance,achievelow-carbonoperationsand

improvetheirclimatereporting.

This2024editionofthereportfocusesoncorporatevaluechain(Scope3)emissions.Scope3emissions,whichincludeupstreamanddownstreamactivities,accountforthefargreaterpartoftheemission

footprintofdigitalcompanies.ThereportfoundthatScope3emissionsare,onaverage,oversixtimes

greaterthanoperational(Scope1and2)emissions,underscoringtheircriticalroleinacompanycarbonfootprint.

Scope1and2emissionsforthe166digitalcompaniesthatdiscloseclimatedata(accountingfor98percentoftherevenueofthe200companies)were293milliontCO2ein2022,or0.8percentoftheworldtotal

energy-relatedemissions.Thetop10highestScope

1and2emittingcompanies–allfromEastAsiaor

theUnitedStates–accountedfor55percentofthe

total.Allbutoneofthetenreportedanincreasein

operationalemissionsin2022.WorrisomeisthateightofthetenhavenotsubmittedatargettotheScienceBasedTargetinitiative(SBTi)committingthemto

reduceScope1and2emissionswithina1.5°Calignedscenario.

Ofthe200companies,148reportedtheirelectricityconsumption,estimatedat518TWhin2022or

1.9percentoftheworldtotal.Thetop10with

thehighestconsumptionlevelswerereportedby

companiesheadquarteredinEastAsiaandtheUnitedStates.Thesetenconsumed51percentofthe

totalelectricityreportedbyallcompanieswiththeir

consumptionrising9percentin2022.Four(Alphabet,Amazon,MicrosoftandDeutscheTelekom)purchase100percentrenewableelectricityalthoughtheyare

notalwaysgettingitwheretheyneedit.Twoofthe

Asiancompanies(SamsungandTSMC)belongto

RE100,agroupwhosemembersarecommittedto

procuring100percentrenewableelectricity.However,theirtargetdateforreaching100percentisfarinto

thefuture(2050and2040respectively).ThethreeChinaheadquarteredtelecommunicationsoperatorsonthelisthavenotmadecommitmentstowards

100percentrenewableelectricity.

Additionally,103companiesprovideddataonthe

proportionofrenewablestheypurchasedin2022.

Notably,16companiesreportedsourcing100percentrenewableelectricity.Thedatahighlightregional

disparities,withcompaniesheadquarteredinEastAsiadominatinginelectricityconsumption,whilecompaniesheadquarteredinEuropeleadinrenewableelectricityusage.CompaniesheadquarteredintheUnitedStatesfitintobothcategories.Thissuggestsvaryinglevels

ofavailability,emphasisandprogressonrenewableenergyadoptionacrossdifferentregions.

InregardstoScope1and2emissionsreductions,justoverhalfofthedigitalcompanieshavesubmitteda

targettotheScienceBasedTargetinitiative(SBTi).However,only69havebeenvalidatedbySBTiandtheycoveronly19percentofthe200companies’totalemissions.

ThereiswidevariabilityinthedisclosureofScope3

emissionsamongdigitalcompanies.Somecompanies

providecomprehensivedataacrossallrelevant

categories,whileothersomitsignificantportions.Manycompaniesfacechallengesinaccuratelycalculating

andattributingScope3emissions,includingalackofdatafromsuppliers,doublecountingandinconsistentapplicationofemissionallocationprinciples.

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GreeningDigitalCompaniesReport2024

Discouragingly,lessthanhalfofthecompaniescoveredprovideafullinventoryoftheirScope3emissions.

GiventhatScope3emissionsare,onaverage,over

sixtimesgreaterthanScope1and2emissions

combined,thereissignificantpotentialforcarbon

reductioninthisarea.Italsohighlightstheimportanceforthe125companieswhichdonotdiscloseafull

Scope3emissioninventorytotrackandmonitortheseemissions.

While103digitalcompaniescoveredinthisreport

havesubmittedanemissionsreductiontargetto

SBTi,only73haveaScope3target.Ofthose,the

scope,qualityandtransparencyofScope3targets

vary.Only27digitalcompanies(i.e.,14percentof

the200assessed)haveanon-intensitybasedScope3targetthatcoversallrelevantcategoriesandfor

whichthebaseyearemissionscanbedetermined.

EighteencompaniesareontrackwiththeirtargetwithareductioninScope3emissionsfromthebaseline.Scope3emissionsarerisingintheother9companies.Itshouldbeborneinmindthatthevastmajorityof

digitalcompanieshavenooranon-measurableScope3target.

AddressingthecomplexitiesofScope3emission

reportinginthedigitalsectorrequireseffortstowardsstandardization,transparency,andambitiousreductiontargets.Itisimportanttoenhancetransparency

bypubliclydisclosingemissionmethodologies

andadoptingstandardizedreportingframeworksandguidance.Measurementpracticesneedtobe

enhancedinordertoavoidinconsistenciesanddoublecounting.Itisparticularlyimportanttocollaboratewithsuppliersandserviceprovidersfordataandtoachievecomprehensiveemissionreductions.Byimproving

Scope3emissionreporting,digitalcompaniescan

strengthensustainabilityinitiativesandcontribute

meaningfullytoglobalclimateandenvironmentgoals.

AI’srapidadvancementisdrivinganincreasein

energyconsumptionandGHGemissionsfordigitalcompanies,exacerbatingclimatechange.Leading

cloudprovidersGoogle,Microsoft,andAmazonwhoalsohavesignificantinvolvementwithAI,reporta

62percentriseinoperationalGHGemissionssince

2020,reaching47millionmetrictonsin2023,anda

78percentincreaseinelectricityusage,nowover

100TWh-equivalenttotheenergyconsumptionof

thePhilippines.Thesecompaniesareinvestingheavilyinrenewableenergy,butchallengespersist,especiallywiththeintegrationofAIintensifyingenergydemands.

Despiteahandfulofcompaniessettingambitious

climatetargets,manyarenowfacingchallenges

meetingtheseamidthegrowingenergyneedsofAItechnologies.TomitigatetheenvironmentalimpactofAI,companiesmustbalanceinnovationwith

sustainabilityandimprovetransparencyinreportingAI’senvironmentalfootprint.

The2024editionoftheGreeningDigitalCompanies

reporthighlightsaconcerningtrend