7.3發(fā)明創(chuàng)造-2021-2022學(xué)年八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)（人教版）

Unit7Willpeoplehaverobots?發(fā)明創(chuàng)造【教材同步拓展閱讀11月刊】學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：___________閱讀單選ALook!Hereesanewbus.Itlookslikeapandawithblackearsandbigeyes.Itcancarry22peopleanditisabout12meterslong.AChinesepanymadeit.Thepandabuslookscute,andit’salsoquitesmart.ItusesAItechnology(科技).Ithasspecialabilitiestofinditsway.Don’tworry.It’sverysafe.Whenyougetonthebus,youcanswipe(刷)yourhand.Thebusisabletoreadyourhandprintandknow________.Therearealsomanycleverandhelpfulrobotsonthebus,thebuswillcallthepolice.Insidethebus,thereisavendingmachine(自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)).Youcanbuybreakfastanddinneronthebus.Thiscansaveyoualotoftime.Peopleinthecities,likeChangzhouinJiangsuProvince,JinaninShangdongProvinceandDeyanginSichuanProvince,cantakethebus.Doyouwanttorideit?1．WhichisTRUEaboutthepandabus?A．Thebusdriverisjustapanda. B．Itis22mlongand12mwide.C．Itcancarry22peopleatatime. D．Thebodyofthebusisallblack.2．Youcan’t________onthepandabus.A．seeadriver B．swipeyourhand C．useavendingmachine D．talktoacleverrobot3．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe________?A．whatyoubuy B．whoyouare C．howyoufeel D．whenyoustart4．Whichcitydoesn’thavethiskindofbus?A．Jinan B．Deyang C．Guilin D．Changzhou5．What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．Pandabusonthestreets B．BusytrafficontheroadsC．Smartbuseswithpandas D．Differentbusesonthestreets【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了中國(guó)公司制造的一種新型“熊貓”公交車。文章詳細(xì)描述了其外形和功能等。1．判斷正誤題。根據(jù)“Itcancarry22people”，可知它一次可搭載22人，故選C。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Whenyougetonthebus,youcanswipe(刷)yourhand”和“Therearealsomanycleverandhelpfulrobotsonthebus”以及“Insidethebus,thereisavendingmachine”，可知你能在公交車上刷手，可以和機(jī)器人聊天，還可以使用自動(dòng)販賣機(jī)，沒有提及你能看見司機(jī)，故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)橫線前“Thebusisabletoreadyourhandprintandknow”說(shuō)你可以刷手，公交車能讀你的指紋，可知然后這樣就可以知道你是誰(shuí)了，故選B。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Peopleinthecities,likeChangzhouinJiangsuProvince,JinaninShangdongProvinceandDeyanginSichuanProvince,cantakethebus”提及常州、濟(jì)南、德陽(yáng)可以用這種公交，沒有提及桂林，故選C。5．最佳標(biāo)題。通讀全文，可知文章主要介紹了中國(guó)公司制造的一種新型“熊貓”公交車，故選A。BIsyourschoolbagtooheavytocarry?Theeschoolbagwillhelpyou.Infact,theeschoolbagistheetextbook.Itisasmallputerforstudents.Heavyschoolbagsarenotgoodforthem.Buttheeschoolbagwillchange(改變)everything.Itisrightandsmall,butitcansaveallthethingsforstudy,likeatextbook,anexercisebookandsoon.Therearesomechips(芯片)ofthetextbooksforthestudents.Thestudentscanputtherightchipintotheeschoolbagandreadthetextbookpagebypageonthescreen.Andtheycanalsousetheeschoolbagtotakenote(記筆記)orsendemailstotheirteachers.Somepeoplesaytheetextbookisgoodforstudents’study,butsomepeoplesayitisnotgoodforstudents’eyes.Ithinkonlytimewilltell.6．Aneschoolbagis________.A．a(chǎn)usualbook B．a(chǎn)heavybook C．a(chǎn)smallputer7．Thestudentscanputtherightchipintotheeschoolbagto________.A．readthetexts B．takenotesandsendemails C．AandB8．Theunderlineword‘‘screen’’means________.A．顯示屏 B．鍵盤 C．錄音機(jī)9．What’sthedifferencebetweeneschoolbagandtheordinary(普通的)schoolbag?A．Theyhavenodifference.B．Eschoolbagisnotconvenient(方便).C．Eschoolbaghasmanydifferentfunctions(功能),itcansaveallthethingsforstudy.10．WhichofthefollowingisRIGHT?A．Allthepeopleliketheeschoolbag. B．Eschoolbagscandoeverythingforstudents C．Studentscanusetheeschoolbagtoreadthetextbook.【答案】6．C 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．C【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了一款新型的電子書包，學(xué)生不僅可以使用它閱讀教材，還可以記筆記和發(fā)送電子郵件。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Infact,theeschoolbagistheetextbook.Itisasmallputerforstudents.”可知，電子書包是一個(gè)小的電腦。故選C。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thestudentscanputtherightchipintotheeschoolbagandreadthetextbookpagebypageonthescreen.Andtheycanalsousetheeschoolbagtotakenote(記筆記)orsendemailstotheirteachers.”可知學(xué)生將合適的芯片放入電子書包里，可以閱讀課本，還可以用電子書包記筆記或者給他們的老師發(fā)電子郵件。故選C。8．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Thestudentscanputtherightchipintotheeschoolbagandreadthetextbookpagebypageonthescreen.”可知，學(xué)生能夠一頁(yè)一頁(yè)閱讀課本，應(yīng)該是在電子屏幕上。故選A。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Heavyschoolbagsarenotgoodforthem.Buttheeschoolbagwillchange(改變)everything.Itisrightandsmall,butitcansaveallthethingsforstudy,likeatextbook,anexercisebookandsoon.可知，電子書包不同于普通的書包，可以保存所有學(xué)習(xí)的東西，如教科書，練習(xí)本等。故選C。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thestudentscanputtherightchipintotheeschoolbagandreadthetextbookpagebypageonthescreen.”可知，學(xué)生可以使用電子書包閱讀課本。故選C。CDuringthenovelcoronavirusoutbreak(新冠病毒疫情)wewearmasks(口罩)tokeepussafe.Butmanyofyoumayhaveaproblemyoucan’teatwhenyouwearamask.NowanIsraelipanyhasinvented(發(fā)明)akindofmaskthatyoucanwearwhileeating.Themaskhasaremotecontrolmouth.Youjustneedtopushdownalevertoopenaslotinthefrontofthemasksothatyoucaneatthefood.Whenyoutakeoutyoureatingutensil(餐具),itwillclose.Thepanysaysthemaskcanprotectpeoplefromtheviruswhiletheyeat.Itplanstostartsellingthemaskintheingmonthsatapriceof￥620higherthanthatofaregularmedicalmask.Peoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutthemask.Johnsaysit’samusthavebecauseithelpshimtoeatwhilestayingsafe.ButRonthinksitwon’tworkwhenheeatsicecream.Hedoesn’twanttowearitbecausethemaskwillgetdirty.Butitisfineforsolid(固體的)foodslikemeat.Besidesthiskindofmask,peoplecreatesomeothercoolinventionsduringthesedays.Forexample,aChinesepanyinventedafevercatchinghelmet(頭盔).Itcancatchpeoplewithfeversfromuptofivemetersaway.Atthesametime,itcanshowtheperson’snameandmedicalhistory,andsendthisinformationtonearbyhospitals.ABelgian3Dprintingpanydesignedahandsfreeset.Withitshelp,peoplecanopendoorswithoutusingtheirhands.Peoplecanusetheirarmsorelbowstoopendoorsinstead.11．Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refersto(指代)the________.A．mask B．lever C．slot D．utensil12．AccordingtoRon,themaskwitharemotecontrolmouth________.A．hasahigherpricethanothers B．isn’tfineforfoodlikeicecreamC．helpsstaysafewhileeating D．isnotveryeasytolearntouse13．Thefevercatchinghelmetcan________.A．catchpeoplewithfeversfromuptofivemetersawayB．showtheperson’snameandmedicalhistoryC．sendthepatient’sinformationtonearbyhospitalsD．doallthesethingsabove14．Whichisthesimilarity(相同點(diǎn))ofthecoolinventions?A．Theyaremadeinthesamepany.B．Theycanmakelesstouchbetweenpeople.C．Theyareonlyusefulduringthevirusbreakout.D．Theydon’tneedtogetontheInternet.15．Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Keepawayfromthevirus. B．Wearamaskinarightway.C．Coolinventionskeepussafe. D．Asafedietandlifestyle.【答案】11．C 12．B 13．D 14．B 15．C【分析】文章介紹了在新冠疫情期間，人們發(fā)明創(chuàng)造了一些很酷的東西，來(lái)使我們保持安全。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Youjustneedtopushdownalevertoopenaslot...Whenyoutakeoutyoureatingutensil(餐具)”可知，當(dāng)你拿走餐具時(shí)，它就會(huì)關(guān)閉，這里it應(yīng)指slot“槽、窄孔”，故選C。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“ButRonthinksitwon’tworkwhenheeatsicecream”可知，這個(gè)帶遙控嘴的面罩不適合吃像冰淇淋這樣的事物，故選B。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Itcancatchpeoplewithfeversfromuptofivemetersaway...andsendthisinformationtonearbyhospitals”可知，它可以在五米以外捕捉到（檢測(cè)到）到發(fā)燒的人，同時(shí)，它可以顯示此人的姓名和病史，并將這些信息發(fā)送到附近的醫(yī)院。因此ABC選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容都包含，故選D。14．推理判斷題。通讀全文，文章介紹的這幾種很酷的發(fā)明，它們的共同點(diǎn)是可以減少人與人之間的接觸，故選B。15．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)第一段“Duringthenovelcoronavirusoutbreak(新冠病毒疫情)wewearmasks(口罩)tokeepussafe”可知文章介紹了幾種在新冠疫情期間，人們發(fā)明的幾種很酷的東西，這些東西可以使人們保持安全，故選C。DLargegatheringssuchasweddingsandconferencescanbesociallycrowded.Pressuretolearnpeople’snamesonlyaddstothestress.Anewfacialrecognitionappcouldetosaveyou,butprivacy（隱私）expertssuggestedusingwithcare.Theapp,calledSocialRecall,connectsnameswithfacesthroughsmartphonecamerasandfacialrecognition,avoidingtheneedforformalintroductions.“Itbreaksdownthesocialdifficultiesweallhavewhenmeetingsomebody,”saysBarrySandrew,whocreatedtheappandtesteditataneventattendedbyabout1,000people.AfterreceivinganinvitationtodownloadSocialRecallfromaneventorganizer,theuserisaskedtotaketwoselfies（自拍照）andsigninthroughsocialmedia.Attheevent,theappisactivewithinacertainarea.Whenauserpointshisorherphonecameraatanattendee’sface,theapprecognizestheperson,displaystheperson’sname,andlinkstohisorhersocialmedia.Toprotectprivacy,itrecognizesonlythosewhohaveagreedtoparticipate.Andtheapp’screatorssayitautomaticallydeletesusers’dataafteranevent.AnnCavoukian,aprivacyexpertwhorunsthePrivacybyDesignCenterofExcellencepraises（表?yè)P(yáng)）theapp’screatorsfortheseprotectivemeasures.Shecallsforpeople’sattention,however,thatwhenpeoplechoosetosharetheirpersonalinformationwiththeapp,theyshouldknowthat“theremaybeunwantedconsequences（后果）downtheroadwiththatinformationbeingusedinanothersocialenvironmentthatmightebacktobiteyou.”Thestartuphasalsodevelopedaversionoftheappforindividualswhosufferfromprosopagnosia,or“faceblindness,”aconditionthatpreventspeoplefromrecognizingpeopletheyhavemet.Tousethisapp,apersonfirstgetsanimageofsomeone’sface,fromeitherthesmartphone’scameraoraphotograph,andthentagsitwithaname.Whenthecameraseesthatsamefaceinreallife,theenteredinformationisshown.Thecollectedinformationisstoredonlyonausersphone,accordingtotheteambehindtheapp.16．SocialRecallisusedto________.A．takephotos B．organizeevents C．makefriends D．helpusrememberothers’names17．Paragraph3ismainlyabout________.A．howtheappworks B．howtheappwascreatedC．whatmakestheapppopular D．whatpeoplecandowiththeapp18．SocialRecallhelpspeoplewithprosopagnosiaby________.A．givingnamestothephotoskeptintheirsmartphonesB．collectinginformationC．providingtheinformationofapersonwhentheyfirstmeetD．showingtheperson’sinformationwhenitseesastoredface19．WhatcanwelearnaboutSocialRecallfromthepassage?A．Itmayputpeople’sprivacyatrisk.B．Itcausedunwantedresult.C．Itcanpreventsomemunicationdisorders.D．Itispraised（被稱贊）bymanyusersforitsprotectivemeasures.【答案】16．D 17．A 18．D 19．A【分析】本文主要講述了幫助人們記憶人臉的一款應(yīng)用，并對(duì)其特點(diǎn)以及工作原理進(jìn)行了解釋和說(shuō)明。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theapp,calledSocialRecall,connectsnameswithfacesthroughsmartphonecamerasandfacialrecognition,avoidingtheneedforformalintroductions.”可知，SocialRecall軟件是用來(lái)幫助我們記住別人的名字。故選D。17．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“AfterreceivinganinvitationtodownloadSocialRecallfromaneventorganizer,theuserisaskedtotaketwoselfies…”和本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了SocialRecall軟件是如何運(yùn)作的。故選A。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whenthecameraseesthatsamefaceinreallife,theenteredinformationisshown.”可知，SocialRecall軟件通過(guò)當(dāng)它們看到已存儲(chǔ)的面容時(shí)，顯示這個(gè)人的信息來(lái)幫助患有面孔失認(rèn)癥的人。故選D。19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Anewfacialrecognitionappcouldetosaveyou,butprivacyexpertssuggestedusingwithcare.”可知，SocialRecall軟件可能會(huì)拯救你，但隱私專家建議謹(jǐn)慎使用。由此推斷，SocialRecall軟件可能會(huì)危及人們的隱私。故選A。E1990wasasignificantyearinworldevents.InFebruary,NelsonMandelawassetfreeafter27yearsinprison.InOctober,EastandWestGermanybecameonecountryagain.Thenattheendof1990,theWorldWideWebwasborn.Forthisfinalevent,wehaveonemantothank,TimBernersLee,thefatheroftheWeb.BernersLeewasbornonJune8,1955inLondon,England.Hisparents,bothputerdesigners,encouragedhimtothinkandworkcreativelyashegrewup.Hewasanexcellentstudentandnaturallytookaninterestinputersandscience.AftergraduatingfromOxfordUniversity,TimwenttoworkatascienceresearchcentreinSwitzerland.TherehedevelopedsomeofthedifferentsystemsthatwouldlaterbeetheWeb.ThefirstwasHTML,theputerlanguageusedtomakewebpages.Thesecondwasanaddresssystemthatletputersanywherefindeachotherandsendandreceiveinformation.In1990,whilestillatthesciencecentreinSwitzerland,heputthemtogethertomakethefirstInternetbrowser(瀏覽器).Itcouldrunonanyputerandallowedpeopletocreatewebsitetosharetheirinformationwiththerestoftheworld.TimknewthatthemorepeopleusedtheWeb,themoreusefulitwouldbe.Hewasn'tinterestedinmoneybutknowledge,sohegaveouthisinventionforfreetoanyonewhowasinterested.ManypeoplewereinterestedandthegrowthoftheInternetbegan.TodayTimworksasaprofessorattheMITinAmerica,researchingnewandinterestingwaystousetheWeb.Hehasreceivedmanyawardsfromgovernmentsandorganizationsforhisefforts.Heisstillnotveryinterestedinmoney.Thatiswhyheissoadmiredbyhisstudentsandworkmates.Itmayalsobeoneofthereasonsthatfewpeopleoutsidetheworldoftechnologyknowhisname.20．Theunderlinedword“significant”(inParagraph1)mostprobablymeans“_______”.A．strange B．terrible C．important D．difficult21．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Theaddresssystemwasusedtomakewebpages.B．TheWorldWideWebwascreatedinSwitzerland.C．Thefirstwebbrowserwasveryexpensivetobuy.D．ManypeoplecouldusetheInternetbefore1990.22．WhatcanwelearnaboutBernersLeefromthepassage?A．Hewasencouragedtobecreative.B．Hedidn’tdowellatschool.C．Heisaverypoorbusinessman.D．Heiswellknownallovertheworld.23．WheredoesBernersLeelivetoday?A．England. B．Switzerland. C．America. D．Canada.24．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theeventsthattookplacein1990.B．ThehistoryoftheInternet.C．TheinventionoftheInternetbrowser.D．ThemanwhocreatedtheWorldWideWeb.【答案】20．C 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D【分析】文章主要講述網(wǎng)絡(luò)之父TimBernersLee發(fā)明了網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器的故事。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“InOctober,EastandWestGermanybecameonecountryagain.Thenattheendof1990,theWorldWideWebwasborn.”談到了兩件發(fā)生在1990年的世界事件：東德和西德再次成為一個(gè)國(guó)家以及WorldWideWeb的誕生?？芍瑒澗€詞是”重大的,重要的”意思。故選C。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的句子“AftergraduatingfromOxfordUniversity,TimwenttoworkatascienceresearchcentreinSwitzerland.TherehedevelopedsomeofthedifferentsystemsthatwouldlaterbeetheWeb”可知，萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)是在瑞士創(chuàng)建的。故選B。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的句子“Hewasn’tinterestedinmoneybutknowledge,sohegaveouthisinventionforfreetoanyonewhowasinterested.ManypeoplewereinterestedandthegrowthoftheInternetbegan.”可知，他的創(chuàng)造力是被鼓勵(lì)出來(lái)的。故選A。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的句子“TodayTimworksasaprofessorattheMITinAmerica”可知，Tim現(xiàn)在住在美國(guó)。故選C。24．主旨大意題。文章主要講述網(wǎng)絡(luò)之父TimBernersLee發(fā)明了網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器的故事。故選D。語(yǔ)法填空F閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。DidThomasEdisonreallyinventthelightbulb?Theanswerisno.Thereal25．(invent)ofthelightbulbwasJosephSwan.Heinventedtheelectriclightbulbin1860.ButSwan’slightbulbcouldnotglow(發(fā)光)foralongenoughtimetobeuseful.Tenyearslater,ThomasEdisondecided26．(improve)onSwan’slightbulb.Hedidalotofexperimentstofinda27．(good)bulbwirethanbefore.Finally,hefoundtherightone.Itcouldglowforabout1,200hoursand,atthesametime,itwascheap.Inthe20thcentury,lightbulbs28．(begin)tobewidelyusedallovertheworld.Evenstreetlampsbegantouselight29．(bulb)insteadofoil.Sincethen,thelightbulbhashelpedhumansseethings30．(clear)anytime.Itisoneofthe31．(great)inventionsinhistory.【答案】25．inventor26．toimprove27．better28．began29．bulbs30．clearly31．greatest【分析】文章介紹了電燈泡的發(fā)明過(guò)程以及電燈泡對(duì)人類的影響。25．句意：燈泡的真正發(fā)明者是約瑟夫·斯旺。根據(jù)“JosephSwan”可知，此處指的是“發(fā)明者”，inventor“發(fā)明家”，是名詞，結(jié)合句中的動(dòng)詞was可知，名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故填inventor。26．句意：十年后，托馬斯·愛迪生決定改進(jìn)斯旺的燈泡。decidetodosth“決定做某事”，是固定短語(yǔ)，空處用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，故填toimprove。27．句意：他做了很多實(shí)驗(yàn)以找到比以前更好的燈絲?？崭窈笥衪han，此處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)形式，故填better。28．句意：20世紀(jì)，燈泡開始在全世界廣泛使用。根據(jù)“Inthe20thcentury”可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，故填began。29．句意：甚至路燈也開始用電燈泡代替油燈。此處是泛指，且空格前沒有冠詞修飾，此處的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填bulbs。30．句意：從那時(shí)起，電燈泡幫助人類在任何時(shí)候都能看清事物。空處修飾動(dòng)詞see，應(yīng)用副詞形式，故填clearly。31．句意：它是歷史上最偉大的發(fā)明之一。此處是“oneofthe+最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，表示“最……之一”，故形容詞用最高級(jí)形式，故填greatest。G閱讀下面的短文,在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,或填入括號(hào)中所給單詞的正確形式。Doyoulikefoldingclothing?Aretherepiecesofunfoldedclothingeverywhereinyourlivingroom?Nowit’s32．(easy)thanevertomakeyourclothingneatandorganized!Likemos