2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit1ScienceFictionLearningAboutLanguage學(xué)案含解析新人教版選擇性必修第四冊

PAGEUnit1ScienceFictionLearningAboutLanguage語法精講·素養(yǎng)提升被動語態(tài)(PassiveVoice)視察上面對話,并完成句子(1)Iwastold(tell)nottotakeanybody’sbelongingswithoutpermissionswhenIwaslittle.

(2)Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompleted(complete)inBeijing.

(3)Thenewswouldbesentto(send)thesoldier’smotherassoonasitarrived.

一、被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種狀況:1.不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者,或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者。*RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.中國南方種植水稻。2.強調(diào)動作的承受者。*Thetreewasbrokenbythatboy.這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。二、將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)應(yīng)留意的幾種狀況1.含雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,有兩種方法:(1)間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,干脆賓語不變;(2)干脆賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,間接賓語用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。*Hetoldusastory.他給我們講故事?！鶺eweretoldastorybyhim.我們聽(他講)故事。→Astorywastoldtousbyhim.故事由他給我們講。2.動詞短語視為一個整體,其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。*Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.她將會好好照看孩子們?！鶷hechildrenwillbetakengoodcareofbyher.孩子們將由她來好好照看。3.復(fù)合句通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z,而賓語補足語就成為主語補足語。留意:省略to的不定式作賓語補足語時,不定式符號to必需補上。例如:*Someonesawhimswiminthelakeyesterday.→Hewasseentoswiminthelakeyesterday.4.特別疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句時要留意詞序:一般用“By+疑問詞”開頭。*Whohasbrokenthecup?誰打碎了杯子?→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?杯子被誰打碎了?【即學(xué)活用】(1)MyEnglishnameisWalter.ItwasgivenbymyEnglishprofessorwhenIwasattheuniversity.

我的英文名是Walter,它是我上高校時我的英語教授取的。(2)Hermoneyhasbeenrunoutofandherpatienceisalsorunningout.

她的錢已經(jīng)用完了,她的耐性也要耗盡了。(3)Iwasmadetocrybythemovingmovie.

我被這部感人的電影弄哭了。三、被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語1.意義差別:被動語態(tài)強調(diào)動作;過去分詞作表語描寫人或事物的特征及狀態(tài)。如:*Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。*Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。2.用法差別:過去分詞作表語時接近形容詞的特征,可以被so,very,too等程度副詞修飾,而被動語態(tài)則不能用so,very,too修飾,而需用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch修飾。如:*Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他對科學(xué)有極大的愛好。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))*IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn’tknowwhattodo.我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚,不知所措。(被動語態(tài))【即學(xué)活用】語法填空(1)Iwaspleasedtohear(hear)you’vebeenpromoted.

(2)Hewaspleasedbyhisteacher’spraise.(3)Iwasquitesurprisedwiththesignificanceofthefindings.(4)Everyonewassurprisedbythespeedwithwhichthedisputewassettled.四、常見主動表被動的狀況1.有些動詞(cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等)常用主動形式表被動。如:*Thispenwritessmoothly.這支鋼筆寫起來很流暢。*Thiscarsellswell.這車很暢銷。2.在某些形容詞(hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible,convenient,cheap,expensive等)后的不定式用主動形式表被動。如:*Englishiseasytolearn.英語很簡單學(xué)。*Theboxisheavytocarry.這箱子重得搬不動。3.“半系動詞+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu),look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turnout等。如:*Thefoodinthisrestauranttastesgood.這家餐館的飯菜味道很好。*Thenewsturnedout(tobe)true.這消息原來是真的。4.need,want,require,deserve,beworth后面接動詞的-ing形式,主動表被動。*Thenovelisworthreading.這本小說值得一讀。*Theoldhouserequiresrepairing.這所舊房子須要修理?！炯磳W(xué)活用】語法填空(1)Thiskindofknifecuts(cut)well.(2)Yourwritingisreallydifficulttoread(read).

(3)Thatsounds(sound)great.Dealmein!(4)Alltheoldcarpetsneedreplacing/tobereplaced(replace).

五、有些及物動詞或短語不用于被動語態(tài)。如:fit,have,marry,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。【即學(xué)活用】完成句子(1)Apersonwhoistrulyhonestiscalledastraightarrow.

直言不諱的人才是真正誠懇的人。(2)Youwillbeaskedalotofstrangequestionsbythem.

他們將問你很多怪題。(3)BylastDecemberthreeshipshadbeenbuiltbythem.

到去年年底他們已建立了三艘船。(4)Ihavesomeclothestowash.

我有一些衣服要洗。(5)Yourideaprovedtobewrong.

你的想法證明是錯的。(6)Thebooksellsquickly.書銷售得快。(7)Willmoregasbeneeded?

須要更多的煤氣嗎?(8)Themusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.

這音樂不好聽。課時檢測·素養(yǎng)達標(biāo)Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Theyaregoingtobesent(send)toworkinTibetfortwoyears.

2.—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyouareoffered(offer)thisjob?

—Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary.3.Thoughwedon’tknowwhatwasbeingdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopichasbeenchanged(change).

4.Muchprogressisbeingmade(make)inChinawiththehelpofthepeople’shardwork.

5.Nowadays,morenewtechnologiesarebeingapplied(apply)inthefieldofIT.

6.Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshewasaccused(accuse)ofcheatingcustomers.

7.Youarenotallowedtogointothemeetingroom.Asecretplanisbeingdiscussed(discuss)there.

8.Thesurfaceofthistablefeelssosmooth.Ithinkitiswellworthbuying(buy).9.Themanagerwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsoftheticketshadbeenbooked(book).

10.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholidayhasbeendecided(decide).

Ⅱ.將下列句子改寫為被動語態(tài)1.WehavestudiedEnglishfor3yearsatthespare-timeschool.→Englishhasbeenstudiedbyusfor3yearsatthespare-timeschool.

2.Theyhadproduced100tractorsbytheendoflastyear.→100tractorshadbeenproducedbytheendoflastyear.

3.Theyhavewarnedustobecarefulofrats.→Wehavebeenwarnedtobecarefulofratsbythem.

4.Wemustkeepthisinmind.→Thismustbekeptinmind.

5.Weshallnotusethewashingmachineagain.→Thewashingmachinewillnotbeusedagain.

6.Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.

7.Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.

→Iwasshownaticketbyhim.

8.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickpeople.→Thesickpeoplearebeingtakencareofbythenurse.

請用被動語態(tài)介紹你喜愛的一部科幻小說。1.《弗蘭肯斯坦》(Frankenstein)是瑪麗·雪萊(MarryShelley)寫的一篇科幻小說。2.這本小說被認為是英國文學(xué)史上最早的科幻小說之一。3.這本小說出版后,受到廣泛關(guān)注。4.小說的故事基于科學(xué)、想象和自身經(jīng)驗。5.這本小說已被翻譯成多種語言。Frankensteinisasciencefictionwhichwaswrit