湖北省十堰市第二中學(xué)高一英語必修一人教版導(dǎo)學(xué)案Unit2Grammar主謂一致

第四課時(shí)GrammarSubjectandverbagreement主謂一致(SubjectVerbAgreement)，指”人稱”和”數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系.如:Heisgoingabroad.Theyareplayingfootball.可分為:語法一致,內(nèi)容一致,就近一致.(一)語法一致原則:即主語為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù),主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語也用復(fù)數(shù).以下為注意事項(xiàng):1.單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like(象),but(除了),except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan(而不是),including,inadditionto引導(dǎo)的短語,謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù).如:Airaswellaswaterismatter.空氣和水都是物質(zhì).Nooneexcepttwoservantswaslateforthedinner.除了兩個(gè)仆人外,沒有一個(gè)人遲來用餐。2.用and連接的并列主語,如果主語是同一個(gè)人,同一事,同一概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),否則用復(fù)數(shù).如:Thepoetandwriterhase.那位詩人兼作家來了.(一個(gè)人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.錘子和鋸都是有用的工具.(兩樣物)用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體,如:breadandbutter(黃油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。3.不定式(短語),動(dòng)名詞(短語),或從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如:Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了。4.用連接的并列主語被each,every或no修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Everyboyandeverygirllikestogoswimming.每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜歡去游泳.Noteacherandnostudentwasabsentfromthemeeting.沒有老師也沒有學(xué)生開會(huì)缺席.Eachmanand(each)womanisaskedtohelp.每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請(qǐng)去幫忙。5.eachof+復(fù)數(shù)代詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如:Eachofushassomethingtosay.我們每個(gè)人都有話要說。6.若主語中有morethanone或manya/an,盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù).如:Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.許多男生都喜歡打籃球.Morethanonestudentwaslate.不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到Morepersonsthanoneetohelpus.不止一個(gè)人來幫助我們。7.none做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù);但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).如:Noneofusare(is)perfect.人無完人。Noneofthisworriesme.這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。8.名詞如:trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù).如:Hisclothesaregood.但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn)apairof,謂語一般用單數(shù).如:Apairofglassesisonthedesk.桌上有一副眼鏡。9.形復(fù)意單名詞如:news;以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如:physics,mathematics,economics;國(guó)名如:theUnitedStates;報(bào)紙名如:theNewTimes;書名如:ArabianNight<天方夜談>;以及TheUnitedNations<聯(lián)合國(guó)>等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。10.“a+名詞+andahalf“,“oneandahalf+名詞”,“thenumberof+名詞”等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).如:Onlyoneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.注意:oneortwo+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。(二)內(nèi)容一致原則:1.主語中有all,half,most,therest等,以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞.如:Therestofthebikesareonsaletoday.剩下的自行車，今天出售。60%oftheapplewaseatenbylittleboy.這個(gè)蘋果的60%都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了。Mostoftheappleswererotten.大部分的蘋果都是爛的。Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyarat.這個(gè)蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2.不定數(shù)量的詞組,如:partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,plentyof等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù).如:Apartofthetextbookshavearrived.一小部分教科書已運(yùn)到。Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenupbythepig.這個(gè)蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。3.加減乘除用單數(shù).如:Fifteenminusfiveisten.15減去5等于10。4.表示時(shí)間,金錢,距離,度量等的名詞做主語時(shí),盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式,它們做為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如:Tenmilesisagooddistance.十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。5.(1)通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞.包括police,people,cattle等,這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù).如:TheBritishpolicehaveonlyverylimitedpowers.(2)通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞.包括equipment,furniture,clothing,luggage等.(3)可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞.包括audience,mittee,government,family,enemy,group,party,team,public等.如:Themitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim.委員會(huì)決定解雇他。6.the+形容詞/過去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).如:Theinjuredweresavedafterthefire.(三)就近原則1.由here,there,where等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中,(有時(shí)主語不止一個(gè)時(shí))謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致.如:Hereesthebus公共汽車來了.Hereisapenandsomepiecesofpaperforyou.給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。Whereisyourwifeandchildrentostaywhileyouareaway?你不在這兒的時(shí)候,你愛人和孩子在哪兒呆呢？2.用連詞or,eitheror,neither….nor,notonly….butalso等連接的并列主語,謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致。如：Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事.Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆。注意:1.oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,定語從句的動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：Maryisoneofthosepeoplewhokeeppets.瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一。2.theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that./which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。如：Maryistheonlyoneofthosepeoplewhokeepspets.瑪麗是唯一一個(gè)飼養(yǎng)寵物的人。主謂一致練習(xí)1.About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth,therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is2.Halfoftheworkershere_____under30_____.A.is;yearsB.are;yearoldC.is;yearsoldD.are;yearsofage3.NowTomwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying4.Thenumberofpagesinthisdictionary_____abouttwothousand.A.areB.hasC.haveD.is5.Thirtydollars_____tooexpensive.A.areB.isC.wereD.be6.Theaudience_____solargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.A.isB.areC.wasD.has7.Thesecretaryandprincipal_____atthemeetingnow.A.arespeakingB.isspeakingC.weremakingaspeechD.haveaspeech8."Ifanybody_____,pleaseputdown_____name,"saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook/hisB.wanttobuythebook/theirC.willbuythebook/one'sD.wantstohavethebookbought/her9.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_____intheroom.A.areB.isstayedC.isD.areleft10.Havingarrivedatthestation,_____.A.itwasfoundthatthetrainhadleft&nb,sp;B.th,etrai,nhadleftC.thetrainwasfoundleftD.hefoundthatthetrainhadleft11.Betweenthetworoads_____aTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower".A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand12.Eitherofyou_____goingtheretonight.A.willB.wasC.isD.are13.Youaswell_____right.A.IareB.IamC.asIamD.asIare14.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.A.areB.isC.wereD.was15.ShallIwaithereforthreehours?Yes.Threehours_____towaitforsuchadoctor.A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenoughforyouC.wasnotlongenoughforyouD.willbetoolongforyou16.Wheretogetthematerialsandhowtogetthem_____atthemeeting.A.havenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussedC.hasnotdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussed17.ItookmathematicsandphysicsbecauseIthinkthat_____veryimportantformetomakefurtherresearchinthisfield.A.whatisB.theyareC.thisD.whichare18.Everystudentandeveryteacher_____.A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeetingC.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting19.Threefourthsofthebread_____byBob,andtherestofthebread_____leftonthetable.A.waseaten;wereB.wereeaten;wasC.wereeaten;wereD.waseaten;was20.Thispairofshoes_____.A.isherB.ishersC.arehersD.areher21.There______nolifeonthemoon.A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobe22.Agroupof______areeating______and______atthefootofthehillA.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheeps;grasses;leavesC.sheep;grass;leafD.sheeps;grass;leafs23.Myfamilyraisealotof_______,includingtwo______.A.cattles,cowsB.cows,cattleC.cattle,cowsD.cow,cattles24.Whathesaysandwhathedoes_______.A.doesnotagreeB.donotagreeC.doesnotagreewithD.notagree25.Theboyandthegir