英文G7 數(shù)字政府服務(wù)綱要

G7COMPENDIUMOF

DIGITALGOVERNMENTSERVICES

REPORTPREPAREDFORTHE2024ITALIANG7PRESIDENCYANDTHEG7DIGITALAND

TECHWORKINGGROUP

15October2024

Thisreportpresentsexamplesofdigitalgovernmentservices,includingapproachestodigitalpublicinfrastructure,providedbyG7membersandUkraine,aimedatimprovingaccesstoandenhancingtheuserexperienceofpublicservices.Italsoexploreskeyenablers,suchasgovernmentstrategiesandleadership,alongwithhuman-centeredapproachestodesigningdigitalgovernmentservicesthatprioritisesusersandtheirrights,needsandpreferences.ThereportwaspreparedbytheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)DirectorateforPublicGovernanceforthe2024ItalianG7PresidencyandtheG7DigitalandTechnologyWorkingGroup.ItwaslaunchedduringtheG7DigitalandTechnologyMinisterialMeetinginComo,Italy,on15October2024.

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?OECD,2024

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G7COMPENDIUMOFDIGITALGOVERNMENTSERVICES?OECD2024

Preface

Governmentscanleveragetransformativeinnovationsindigitaltechnologyanddatatoofferhigherqualityandmoreinclusivepublicservices,includingbringingthemdirectlyintopeople'shomes.Yet,digitalgovernmentisnotassimpleasmerelymovingpublicservicesontotheinternet.Thebestdigitalgovernmentapproachesacknowledgethecontinuingvalueofphysicalchannelsforprovidinggovernmentservices.Theyusetechnologyanddatatoenhance,ratherthanreplace,theseservicesandoperations.

ThiscompendiumsummarisesthestateofkeydigitalgovernmentinitiativesandapproachesamongstG7members.Ukrainewasalsoinvitedtocontributeselectedexamplesforthispublication,inrecognitionofthecountry’spioneeringworkindigitalgovernment.ThecompendiumillustratestheaccomplishmentsofG7members,andsupportsfurtherdialogueandinitiativesinthisarea.Policymakersacrossbordersareoftengrapplingwithsimilardigitalgovernmentchallenges,althoughcontextualdifferencesexist.Learningfrom–andbuildingupon–eachother’sexperiencesisthebestwaytoensureourrespectivedigitalgovernmentpracticeshavethegreatestpossiblebenefitsforpeople’slives.

WethanktheG7DigitalandTechWorkingGroupandtheG7membersfortheirrequesttoproducethiscompendium.WeparticularlythankrelevantministrieswithineachG7memberstate,theEuropeanCommission,andUkraine’sMinistryofDigitalTransformation,fortheirinputandcollaborationonthispaper.

Lookingahead,theneedforeffectivedigitalgovernmentapproacheswillonlygrow.Ascitizensincreasinglyembracedigitaltechnology,theywillexpecttheirgovernmentstodothesame.TheOECDandtheG7remaincommittedtohelpingcountriesimprovetheirdigitalgovernmentcapacity,andtopromotingdialogueandco-operationonthistopic.Wetrustthatthispublicationservesasahelpfultoolinthisregard.

MatthiasCormann

Secretary-GeneraloftheOECD

AlessioButti

UndersecretaryofStatetothe

PresidencyoftheCouncilofMinistersofItaly

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G7COMPENDIUMOFDIGITALGOVERNMENTSERVICES?OECD2024

Tableofcontents

Preface 2

Executivesummary 4

Introduction:DigitalgovernmentservicesacrosstheG7 5

Chapter1.Digitalidentitysolutionsforaccessingpublicservices 6

1.1.Singlesign-onandfederatedidentity 6

1.2.Electronicidentification(eID)cards 7

1.3.Digitalidentitywallets 8

Chapter2.Dataandinformationsharinginthepublicsector 10

2.1.Baseregistries 10

2.2.Opengovernmentdata 12

Chapter3.Otherdigitalgovernmentsystems,solutions,andinitiatives 14

3.1.Singledigitalgateways 14

3.2.Notificationservices 16

3.3.Digitalpayments 17

Chapter4.Enablers 19

4.1.Designingdigitalgovernmentservicesthatrespondtotheevolvingneedsofsociety 19

4.2.Improvingthegovernanceofdigitalgovernment 19

Chapter5.Thewayforward 23

References 24

AnnexA.DigitalgovernmentservicesacrosstheG7 25

Notes 27

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G7COMPENDIUMOFDIGITALGOVERNMENTSERVICES?OECD2024

Executivesummary

Governmentsplayacrucialroleinprovidingpublicservicesthatsupportthedailylivesofpeopleandbusinesses.Ascitizenexpectationsforgovernmentdigitalservicesrise,leveragingdigitaltechnologyanddatatoenhancethequality,effectiveness,andoverallexperienceoftheseservicesbecomesincreasinglyimportant.

Asuccessfuldigitaltransformationwillenablegovernmentstooperateefficientlyinthedigitalenvironmentanddeliverpublicservicesthataremorereliable,simpler,andeffective.Thistransformationcanfostergreatertrustingovernment,promotesocialinclusion,andsupportsustainableeconomicgrowth.Itisunderpinnedbyaparadigmshiftfrome-government(puttinggovernmentoperationsandservicesontheinternet)todigitalgovernment(usingdigitaltechnologiesanddatatoreshapeandimprovegovernmentoperationsandservices),asunderscoredbytheOECDRecommendationonDigitalGovernmentStrategies1.

ThiscompendiumwaspreparedbytheOECDDirectorateforPublicGovernanceattherequestoftheItalian2024G7PresidencyandG7memberstoinformdiscussionswithintheG7DigitalandTechnologyWorkingGroup.ThepurposeofthecompendiumistoshareexamplesofdigitalgovernmentservicesamongG7memberstoinformfutureworkwithintheG7andotherinternationalfora.AspartoftheG7’scloseengagementandsupportforthegovernmentofUkraine-aglobalfrontrunnerindigitalgovernment-thiscompendiumalsoshowcasesexamplesofdigitalgovernmentservicessharedbyUkraine’sMinistryofDigitalTransformation.

Thecompendiumshowsthatawiderangeofdigitalgovernmentservices,includingapproachestodigitalpublicinfrastructure,isbeingmadeavailablebyG7membersandUkrainetofacilitateaccesstoandimproveuserexperiencewithpublicservices,demonstratingtheircommitmenttoleveragingdigitaltechnologyforpublicbenefit.Whiledifferentapproachesandtailoredsolutionsarebeingemployedtoaccountfornationalcontexts,manysolutionsaddresscommonneedsinareassuchasdigitalidentityanddataandinformationsharing.Enablersofthesesolutionsincludehuman-centredapproachestothedesignanddeliveryofpublicservices,governanceofdigitalgovernment,andconcentratedeffortsoninteroperability.

Movingforward,G7memberscouldusethiscompendiumasaresourcetoinformdiscussionsondigitalgovernmentunderfuturepresidencies.AreasthatG7memberscouldprioritiseincludepublicsectordatasharingandinteroperability,digitaltalentandskillsinthepublicsector,aswellasensuringproactiveandresilientdigitalgovernmentservicesduringcrises.

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G7COMPENDIUMOFDIGITALGOVERNMENTSERVICES?OECD2024

Introduction:DigitalgovernmentservicesacrosstheG7

Inthe2024VeronaandTrentoDeclaration,G7DigitalMinistersacknowledgedthe“potentialofAIanddigitalsystemstohelpimprovegovernments’provisionofpublicservicesandtheongoinginternationaldiscussionsondifferentapproachestodigitalidentityandotherdigitalgovernmentservices,includingdigitalpublicinfrastructure(DPI),andthevalueofsharingexamples.”

ThisCompendiumwasdevelopedattherequestofthe2024ItalianG7PresidencyandG7memberstoprovideexamplesofdigitalgovernmentservices.Itincludesapproachestodigitalpublicinfrastructure,leveragedbyG7memberstofacilitateaccesstopublicservices.TheCompendiumcontributestoadvancingG7workondigitalgovernment,whichinvolvestheuseofdigitaltechnologiesanddata,asanintegratedpartofgovernments’modernizationstrategies,tocreatepublicvalue(OECD,2014[1]).

TheCompendiumisstructuredacrossfourareas:

?Digitalidentitysolutionsforaccessingpublicservices

?Dataandinformationsharinginthepublicsector

?Otherdigitalgovernmentsystems,solutions,andinitiatives

?Enablers

ExamplesweregatheredthroughashortquestionnairetoG7membersandUkraineinApril-May2024.Thefulllistofinitiativesandsolutionscapturedcanbeseenin

AnnexA.

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G7COMPENDIUMOFDIGITALGOVERNMENTSERVICES?OECD2024

Chapter1.Digitalidentitysolutionsforaccessingpublicservices

ThissectionshowcasesdigitalidentitysolutionsmadeavailablebyG7membersandUkrainethatenableaccesstopublicservices.Thesolutionsaregroupedintothreecategories:singlesign-onandfederatedidentitysolutions,electronicidentification(eID)cards,anddigitalidentitywallets.

1.1.Singlesign-onandfederatedidentity

MostG7membershavealreadyimplementedsinglesign-onorfederatedidentitysolutions,facilitatingstreamlinedaccesstoonlinegovernmentservices(seeexamplesin

Box1)

.Thesesolutionsallowuserstologintovariousgovernmentplatformsusingasinglesetofcredentials,eliminatingtheneedtomanagemultiplepasswords.Thistransitiontounifiedauthenticationmethodsnotonlyenhancesuserexperiencebutalsostrengthenssecuritymeasuresbyreducingthelikelihoodofpassword-relatedvulnerabilities.

Box1.Singlesign-onorfederatedidentitysolutions

UnitedKingdom’sGOV.UKOneLogin

GOV.UKOneLoginletscitizenssigninandprovetheiridentitysotheycanaccessgovernmentservicesquicklyandeasily.Itwillallowuserstoaccessanygovernmentserviceusingthesameemailaddressandpasswordandre-usetheircredentialstoaccessmultipleservices.CurrentlythirtygovernmentserviceshaveonboardedtoGOV.UKOneLogin.ByMarch2025,theprogrammeexpectstohaveonboardedatotalof145+publicservices.AllUKcitizensandresidentshavetheoptiontouseGOV.UKOneLogintoaccessthegovernmentservicetheyneed.AsofApril2024,1.7millionaccountshadbeencreated,4.1millionidentitieshadbeenverified,whileitsapphasbeendownloadedover5.5milliontimes.

UnitedStates’Login.Gov

LprovidesauthenticationandidentityverificationservicestofederalagenciesintheUS.UserssignupforasingleLaccountusinganemailaddress,passwordandMFAdeviceandusethissingleaccounttoaccessmultiplefederalservices.Whenservicesrequireaverifiedidentity,Lprovidesanevidence-basedverificationprocesstoallowausertoprovethattheyarewhotheysaytheyare.Currently,47federalagenciesandstatepartnersuseLforover500applications.

Canada’sGCKeyandVerified.Me

GCKeyandVerified.Me(formerlyknownasSecureKeyConcierge)aredigitalidentityverificationsystemsusedbymorethanonethirdofCanadiancitizenstosecurelyaccess

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G7COMPENDIUMOFDIGITALGOVERNMENTSERVICES?OECD2024

governmentservicesonline.Currently,twenty-eightdifferentfederalDepartmentsandAgenciesofferoveronehundredservicesusingthesedigitalIDverificationsystems.

Japan’sgBizID

gBizIDisaserviceprovidedbyJapan’sDigitalAgencythatallowsusers(corporationsandindividualbusinessowners)tologintovariousonlineadministrativeserviceswithasingleIDandpassword.AsofMay2024,1.07millionaccountshavebeenverified,and188websitesprovidedbythirteengovernmentministriesandagenciesand106localgovernments,areaccessibleusinggBizID.

Italy’sSPID

Italy’sPublicDigitalIdentitySystem(SPID)isanidentificationsystemforaccessingonlinepublicservicesandservicesofparticipatingprivatecompanies/organisations.Atthetimeofdraftingthisreport,therewere17.744administrations/agencies/institutionsofferingtheirdigitalservicesthroughSPIDaswellas189non-publicserviceproviders(financialservices,insurances,others),androughly37.5millionItaliancitizensthathadSPID.

FranceConnectandL’IdentitéNumériqueLaPoste

FranceConnectisafederatedidentitysolutionthatenablesuserstoaccessmorethan1,400onlinepublicandprivateservicesinFranceandconnectusingoneofthesixoptionsthatFranceConnectoffersviaanexistinguseraccount.OneoftheoptionsisL’IdentitéNumériqueLaPoste,offeredbytheLaPosteGroup,oneofFrance’slargestoperatorsofpostal,bank,insurance,andmobilecommunicationservices.

Ukraine’sIntegratedElectronicIdentificationSystem

Ukraine’sIntegratedElectronicIdentificationSystem(ISEI,ID.GOV.UA)isauniversalplatformfore-identificationanduserauthenticationinUkraine.TheISEIallowsdigitalserviceproviderstosecurelyandconvenientlyidentifyusersaccessingtheirservices,eitherthroughelectronicsignatures(storedonfileorinthecloud)orviausers’existingBankIDNBUaccounts.Todate,thesystemhasenabledfivemillionuniqueuserstoaccessupto189services.

1.2.Electronicidentification(eID)cards

Anelectronicidentification(eID)cardisadigitalversionofaphysicalIDcardwithanembeddedchipthatsecurelystorespersonalinformation.Itcanbeusedtoprovetheholder’sidentityoffline,authenticateaccesstoofflineandonlineservices,andprovidelegallyrecognisedelectronicsignatures.Touseitonline,eIDcardholderstypicallyneedacardreaderorasmartphonewithNFC(near-fieldcommunication)capabilities.AmongG7members,nationaleIDcardsareavailableinJapan,Italy,France,andGermany,aswellasseveralothernon-G7EUMemberStates(seeexamplesin

Box2)

.

NationaleIDcardsofferseveraladvantagesovertraditionalIDcards,includingenhancedsecuritythroughadvancedencryption,convenientaccesstoawiderangeofonlineservices,andimprovedefficiencybyenablingelectronicsignaturesanddigitaldocumentverification,whichreducestheneedforpaper-basedtransactions.Theycanalsofacilitateinteroperabilityacrossdifferentservices,providelegallybindingsignatures,andcanleadtocostsavingsforgovernmentsandbusinessesbyminimisingmanualprocessing.

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G7COMPENDIUMOFDIGITALGOVERNMENTSERVICES?OECD2024

However,drawbacksincludehighimplementationcosts(includingcostsrelatedtocardissuanceandmanagement,andpromotinguptake),challengesinensuringcompatibilityandsecurity,includingtheriskofcyberattackstargetingthesensitivedatainvolved.

Box2.NationaleIDcardsinItaly,Germany,andJapan

Japan’sIndividualNumberCard

TheIndividualNumberCardisissuedbyJapan’sMinistryofInternalAffairsandCommunicationstogetherwiththeDigitalAgency.Thecardcontainsanelectroniccertificate,whichcanbeusedbycitizensandresidentsforauthenticationservices,allowingthecardholdertoauthenticatehisorheridentityonlinetoaccessbothpublicandprivateservices.

Italy’sCIE

TheElectronicIdentityCard(CIE)allowstheverificationoftheidentityoftheholderandaccesstotheonlineservicesofthepublicadministrationsbothinItalyandintheEU.TheCIEextendsthetraditionalconceptofidentity,providingcitizenswithauniqueandsecuredigitalkeyforaccessingonlinepublicadministrationservices.Atthetimeofdraftingthisreport,about43millionCIEhadbeenissued.

Germany’seID(Online-Ausweis)

TheeIDfunctionofGermany’seID(Online-Ausweis)isstoredonanelectronicmemorydevice(microchip)whichispartofallIDcards,electronicresidencepermits,andtheeIDcardforcitizensoftheEuropeanUnionandtheEuropeanEconomicArea.TheeIDmaybeacceptedbyallpublicinstitutionsaswellasessentialserviceproviderssuchaspaymentserviceproviders,insurancecompaniesandpostalserviceproviders.BothcitizensandresidentsinGermanycanobtainaneID.BetweenJanuary2024andJuly2024,theeIDwasusedforover8milliontransactions.

1.3.Digitalidentitywallets

Thereisagrowingtrendtopromotedigitalidentitywallets.Thesewalletsmimicphysicalwalletsbyenablinguserstosecurelystoreverifieddigitalattributesand/orcredentials.Theshifttowalletsisfocusedonenablingcitizensandbusinessestoeasilyshareandstorepersonalidentityattributes,andotherverifiedproofs(seeG7examplesin

Box3)

.Forexample,aproofofagetopurchaseatrainticket,aproofoftherighttodrivewhenrentingacar,orofasetofattributes–e.g.firstname,lastname,dateofbirth,andaddress-toauthenticateagainstofflineandonlineservices.Walletscanoftenbeusedbothonlineandoffline.

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G7COMPENDIUMOFDIGITALGOVERNMENTSERVICES?OECD2024

Box3.DigitalidentitywalletsinFrance,theEuropeanUnion,andUkraine

FranceIdentité

FranceIdentitéisdevelopedbytheMinistryoftheInteriorandNationalAgencyforSecureTitles.CitizensinFrancewithanationalelectronicidentitycardcanusetheFranceIdentitéapplicationtoaccessover1,500publicservicesavailablethroughFranceConnect,suchastaxes,healthinsurance,retirementsites,familyallowancefunds,butalsoanumberoflocalauthorities.Itcanalsobeusedtoaccessuptohundrednon-publicservicescurrentlyavailablethroughFranceConnect,includingservicesofferedbyenergycompanies,banks,andinsurancecompanies.Inadditiontoauthenticationforaccessingpublicandprivateservices,FranceIdentitéallowsuserstostoreadigitalversionoftheFrenchnationalIDcardanddriver’slicence,whichtheycanusforidentityverification,andtoshareattributesoridentitycredentials.

EuropeanDigitalIdentityWallet

TheEUDigitalIdentityWalletswillbeavailableto100%ofEUpopulationbytheendof2026.Users(Citizens,residents,businessesestablishedinanyMemberState)willbeabledownload,install,andusetheEUdigitalidentitywalletsontheirpersonalmobiledevice.ThedigitalidentitywalletswillbeissuedbyeachMemberStates,undermandatebyMemberState,orindependentlyissuedbutrecognisedbyaMemberState.

Ukraine’sDiiaapp

Ukraine’sDiiaappallowUkrainiancitizenstostoredigitaldocumentswiththesamelegalvalidityastheirplasticorpapercounterparts–formingadigitalidentitywallet.Therearecurrentlynineteendigitaldocumentsavailablethroughtheapp–includingthenationalIDcard,foreignbiometricpassport,driver’slicenseandmore.

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G7COMPENDIUMOFDIGITALGOVERNMENTSERVICES?OECD2024

Chapter2.Dataandinformationsharinginthepublicsector

Thischapterlooksatsystems,solutions,andinitiativesbyG7membersandUkrainethatenabledataandinformationsharingwithinthepublicsectortosupportpublicservicedelivery,withafocusonbaseregistriesandopengovernmentdata.

2.1.Baseregistries

Baseregistriesarecentraldatabasesmaintainedbygovernmentsthatstorecoreinformationaboutindividuals,organisations,andentitieswithinaspecificjurisdiction(EuropeanCommission,2024[2]).Servingastheofficialsourceforessentialdatalikepopulationrecords,landownership,businesses,andvitalstatistics,theseregistriesareavitalassetforpublicservicedelivery,andinensuringthatinformationisaccurate,up-to-date,andconsistentacrossagencies,reducingdataduplication,errors,anddiscrepancies(seeG7examplein

Box4)

.Baseregistriescanallowcitizenseasyaccesstotheirowndata,andwithstrongsafeguardscanbeusedtosupportindividualstoexercisehumanrights,engageincivicprocesses,andmakeinformedchoicesabouttheirlivesandinteractionswithpublicservices.

Box4.Italy’sNationalRegisterofResidentPopulation

ANPR

istheNationalRegisterofcitizens’residenceandelectoralinformation.Itcontainsthedataofallresidentcitizens,bothItaliansandforeigners,aswellasAIRE(Italianslivingabroad).Itisacentraliseddatabasethatsimplifiesregistryservicesandiscontinuouslyupdatedbymorethan7,900Italianmunicipalities.

ANPRsecurelyexchangesdataviatheNationalDigitalDataPlatform(PDND)withothernationalofficialdatabases,suchaslabor,education,tax,pension,andsocialsecurityregisters,amongothers.Thisnetworkofregisterssimplifiesandautomatestheprocessesofcheckingorrecoveringverifieddatatooffermoreintegratedservicestocitizens,avoidingdataduplication.TheANPRhasmadeavailable26e-servicesonthePDNDforauthorizedpartiestoconfirmcitizens'data,incompliancewithGDPR.

Solutionsenablingthesafeandsecuresharingofbaseregistrydatabothinsideandoutsideofthepublicsectorareimportantastheyenhanceefficiency,reduceredundancy,andpromotetransparency.Theseplatformsarewhatcanenabletheimplementationofthe"once-only"principle,ensuringthatcitizensandbusinessesdonotneedtorepeatedlyprovidethesameinformationtopublicinstitutions(seeG7examplesin

Box5)

.Theycanfacilitatefaster,moreefficientadministrativeprocesses,improveservicedelivery,andempowercitizensbygivingthemcontrolovertheirowndatawhilemaintaininghighsecurityandprivacystandards.

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Box5.DatasharingsolutionsorplatformsforbaseregistriesinFrance,Italy,theEU,Japan,andUkraine

France’sAPIEnterprise

APIEntreprise

isanAPIusedamongstFrenchpublicservicestosharesensitivedataaboutFrenchcompanies.Itisakeycomponentoftheonceonlyprincipleappliedtocompanies.Everypublicadministrationthatproducesorusescompanyrelateddataislikelytouseiteithertoshareorusedata(orboth).APIEntreprisehandlesthecontractualisationbetweenthetwoadministrationsintheformofadigitalcontractandthetechnicalinterfacebetweenthetwoadministrationswantingtosharedata.TheserviceismanagedbytheFrenchDINUM.

Italy’sNationalDigitalDataPlatform(PDND)

The

NationalDigitalDataPlatform(PDND)

enablestheinteroperabilityofinformationsystemsamongpublicbodies,implementingtheonce-onlyprinciple.Membersoftheplatformcancommunicatewitheachotherinasimple,fast,andsecuremanner,withoutneedingcitizenstoprovideinformationalreadyheldbyotherbodies.Everyparticipatingadministrationcanreuseandsharedataanddocumentsthroughmachine-to-machinecommunication,subjecttouserapproval.Currently,theplatformhostsover6,000entities,including62CentralPublicAdministrations,around5,500Municipalities,20Regions,andapproximatelyonehundredprivatebodies.Theplatformoffersmorethan6,000services.

Once-OnlyTechnicalSystem(OOTS)

The

Once-OnlyTechnicalSystem(OOTS)

isanEU-widesolutionthatmakescross-borderpaperworkintheframeworkofthe

SingleDigitalGateway

significantlymoreefficientandlesscostlyforcitizens,companies,andpublicadministrations.ThecommonservicesoftheOOTSwerelaunchedinDecember2023.Whileremainingfullyincontroloftheirowndata,citizensandbusinessesareabletohavetheirdocumentsexchangedautomaticallywithintheSingleMarketsimplybyaskingtherelevantauthoritiestoretrievethemdirectlyfromauthenticsources.

TheOOTSformsanEU-widegovernment-to-governmentdataspace,whichwillbeseamlesslyintegratedintotheCommonEuropeanDataSpaceforPublicAdministrations,andlinkpublicauthoritiesthatactastrustedauthenticsourcesofinformation(baseregistries).

Japan’sCo-operationNetworkSystemforPersonalInformation

TheDigitalAgencymanagestheCo-operationNetworkSystem(NWS)forPersonalInformation,whichisusedtoexchangepersonalinformationassociatedwiththeIndividualNumberbetweengovernmentagenciesandotherorganisations,asstipulatedbytheIndividualNumberAct.Thissystemallowscitizenstoavoidsubmittingmultipledocuments(CertificatesofResidence,CertificatesofTax,etc.)whencompletingvariousadministrativeprocedures.Toprotectcitizen’sprivacy,onlypublicsectorentitieshaveaccesstotheNWS-privatecitizensandbusinessescannotuseit.Additionally,theNWSdoesnotstorepersonalinformationitself;itonlytransmitsspecificdataheldinadecentralisedmannerbyindividualpublicorganisations.

Ukraine’sSystemofelectronicinteractionofstateelectronicinformationresources"Trembita"

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G7COMPENDIUMOFDIGITALGOVERNMENTSERVICES?OECD2024

TheSystemofElectronicInteractionofStateElectronicInformationResources

"Trembita"

isadec