高考總復習英語（北師大版）習題Unit19　Language（選修七）課時作業(yè)

課時作業(yè)(十九)A卷·基礎(chǔ)強化練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2016·江蘇卷)Thebarefootkidwhojustafewyearspreviouslyhadbeenlivinginpoverty，surrounded(surround)bycriminalsandviolence，hadwrittenanewchapterinthehistoryofsports.2．(2015·江蘇卷)Someschoolswillhavetomakeadjustments(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.3．(2014·陜西卷)—IgotthatjobIwantedatthepubliclibrary.—Congratulations(congratulate)！That’sgoodnews.4．Accuracy(accurate)ismoreimportantthanspeedinhisnewjob.5．Thenegotiation(negotiate)brokedownbecauseonesiderefusedtoplaythegame.6．Weshouldsubmitourplanstothecouncilforapproval．(approve)7．Howdoyouplantoaccelerate(acceleration)thedevelopmentofthesetechnologies?8．Hewasabsentfromthemeeting.Hisabsencemadetheproblemmoredifficult．(absence)9．HestudiedGermanfornineyears，soheisfluent(fluency)inspeakingit.10．Manypeoplehaveappliedforthejob.TheapplicantsmusthandintheirapplicationsbyFriday．(apply)11．Wetryandkeepourselvesinformed(inform)aboutcurrenttrends.12．Evenifyoupleteyourtraining，Ican’tguaranteetogive(give)youajob.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．ItimpressedmemostwasthatIfailedinanEnglishexam，feelingextremelyupsetanddisappointed．It→What2．GivingthatIhavegotupearlier，Iwon’tmissthetrain．Giving→Given3．Theyarefacedwiththeproblemiftheyshouldcontinuethework．if→whether4．Iftheteachercatchessomeonecheatinanexam，hewillfailhiminit．cheat→cheating5．YouriPhone7isstillundertheguarantee，sothemanufacturerwillrepairit．去掉第一個the6．Iwastotallyembarrassing，forImistookastrangerformynewneighbor．embarrassing→embarrassed7．Thoseheatcanwarmthingsupprettyquicklyinabsenceofacoolingsystem．in后加the8．ItisbecauseofalongabsenceofschoolthatIamabitbehindtheotherclassmates．第二個of→from9．WhatimpressesmemostisthatthelittlegirlcanspeakEnglishfluent．fluent→fluently10．Thefatherissofondoftheboythathewillgivehimwhicheverhewants.whichever→whateverⅢ.完成句子1．Itissaidthat(據(jù)說)SunLiandDengChaoarepreparingfortheirweddinganniversary.2．Whetheryoulikeitornot(無論你喜歡與否)，you’llhavetofaceitoneday.3．Providedthatyoudrivecarefully(只要你開車小心)，youcanusemycar.4．Smokershavetherighttosmoke，butontheotherhand(另一方面)theydonothavetherighttoendangerthehealthofothers.5．Pleasekeepmeinformedof(隨時告訴我)thechangeofyourtelephonewhileyouareinAmerica.6．Itispredictedthat(據(jù)預測)theuseofcloudplatformscouldtripleinthenextcoupleofyears.7．Heisveryparticularaboutfoodwhilehedoesn’tcareaboutmoney(他卻不在乎錢)．Ⅳ.閱讀理解A話題難度系數(shù)詞數(shù)建議用時健康☆☆2846′(2018·南京聯(lián)考)Thefollowingarefourtoptravelsitesforbookingcheapfamilyvacationsonline.Affordabletraveldealsarerightatyourfingertips!Lastminutetraveloffersavarietyoflast-minutetraveldeals.Youmayhardlybelieveyoureyeswhenyouseeseveralfour-starhotelsbeingofferedforunder$100anightinmajorU．S.cities.PropertiesinOrlando，NewYork，SanFrancisco，OaklandandMiamiareavailableforbetween$72and$122pernight.Cheapoairhasverylowpricesonlast-minuteflights.BesuretovisittheTop25Dealssectiontofindthebargains.Ifit’sabeachyouwanttovisit，youcangetfromAtlantatoMiaminonstopfor$116.00onfivedifferentairlines，taxnotincluded.Thesiteregularlyoffers$10-offcoupons(優(yōu)惠券)forthetaxfees.Lowfaresisagreatsiteiftimeisoftheessence.Onthissiteyoucansearchmultiple(多重的)discounttravelsitesatoncetofindthebestrate.Thebestpartaboutthissiteisthediscountedcar-rentalrates.Ifyouclickonthe“Deals”linkyouwillbeabletoconfirmrentalcarsinvariousU．S.citiesforaslowas$8.95perday.Travelocityhasalwaysbeenatravelerfavorite.RightnowthesiteisofferingflightsfromChicagotoCancunforonly$145roundtripplustaxesandfeesfortravelnextweek.Totakeadvantageoftheselowratesyouoftenhavetohaveflexibletraveldatesandtimes.Visitthe“LastMinutePackages”tabtogetastealonlast-minutedeals.Packagingflightswithyourhotelandcarreservationscanoftensavehundredsofdollars.[語篇解讀]本文介紹了四個適合預定便宜機票和酒店的旅游網(wǎng)站。1．StayinginOrlandofortwonightsinarowwillcostyouatleast________.A．$122 B．$144C．$216 D．$244解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。從文中第二段可知，在Lastminutetravel上能以72美元到122美元一晚的低價預定到奧蘭多的酒店；想要在奧蘭多連續(xù)待三天至少要住上兩個晚上，所以最低要消費144美元。2．Ifyouareplanningadrivingtour，whichtravelsitewouldyouprefer?A．Lastminutetravel. B．Cheapoair.C．Lowfares. D．Travelocity.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。從文章第四段的Thebestpartaboutthissiteisthediscountedcar-rentalrates.可知，Lowfares上最優(yōu)惠的部分是汽車租賃服務(wù)；所以計劃自駕游的游客會更喜歡這個網(wǎng)站。3．OnTravelocity，thedrawbacktosavingmoneyisthat________.A．yourtraveldatesarefixedandcannoteasilybechangedB．youhavetobookyourflightsandhotelsatthesametimeC．youhavetostayinCancunD．youhavetobeavailabletoleaveatanytime解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。從文章最后一段的Totakeadvantageoftheselowratesyouoftenhavetohaveflexibletraveldatesandtimes.可知，Travelocity在為你省錢的同時，還有一個缺點，即你必須隨時準備出發(fā)。B話題難度系數(shù)詞數(shù)建議用時歷史與地理☆☆3377′Londonisgreat.It’sgreat.RomeandPariswerefineplaces，butIknewassoonaswelandedinLondon，thiswasthefinestofthethree.ThereareonlytwosmallthingswhichIdon’tlikeaboutLondon.Firstofall，everyonespeaksEnglishhere.IhadsomuchfuninRomeandParis.ThereIcouldspeakinforeignlanguages.Inwords，Imadealotoffriendsthatway.Buthereeverybodycanunderstandme.Idon’thaveanyreasontostartupaconversationwithastranger.AndspeakingofrestaurantsthatistheotherproblemwithLondon.Thefoodhereisnogoodatall！Ihaven’thadonegoodmealinthethreedayswe’vebeenhere.SinceyouaskedmetowritetoyouabouteverythingIlearnedonthistrip，hereiswhatI’velearnedaboutLondon.London’spopulationofelevenmillionmakesitthesecondlargestcityintheworld.ItisbiggerthanNewYorkbutnotasbigasTokyo.LondonistwicethesizeofNewYork.Ithasanareaof620squaremiles!TheThamesRiverrunsrightthroughthecenterofthecity.SomeoneoncecalledtheThames“l(fā)iquidhistory”．Itisaverygoodname.Dozensofarmieshavecrosseditoverthepastfewthousandyears.OneofthefirstwasthearmyofJuliusCaesartwothousandyearsago.AndmostrecentlyMr.andMrs.Gill.SofarIhaveonlyhadtimetovisitoneneighborhood.ItiscalledBloomsbury.InfactthereisagroupofwritersknownastheBloomsburyGroup.Itgotitsnamebecausesomanyofthemlivedthere.VirginiaWoolfwasoneofthem.Iknowhowmuchyoulikehernovels.BakerStreetisalsopartofBloomsbury.DoyourememberwhooncelivedonBakerStreetWhenIaskedBobthisquestion，heanswered，“amanwhobakedbread，right”SherlockHolmes，ofcourse，Iwon’thavetimetofindhisaddress.Maybeyouwillwhenyoue.[語篇解讀]本文是應(yīng)朋友的要求，根據(jù)自己的所見所聞，描述了倫敦的一些情況。4．Welearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat________.A．itismoredifficulttostartupaconversationinEnglishinLondonthaninanylanguagesB．thewriterhadmadeatripinItalyandFrancebeforeshecametoEnglandC．ofallthemealsthewriterhashadinLondon，onlyoneshethinksisgoodenoughD．thewriterhatestotalktostrangerswhocanspeakEnglish解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)前兩段的內(nèi)容RomeandPariswerefineplaces，butIknewassoonaswelandedinLondon，thiswasthefinestofthethree.IhadsomuchfuninRomeandParis.羅馬和巴黎是好地方，但是我們一到倫敦，我就知道倫敦是最好的。在羅馬和巴黎我玩得很開心。可知作者來倫敦之前，去過意大利和法國。故選B。5．Itseemsthatthewriter________.A．canspeakEnglishasaforeignlanguageB．doesnotlikehermotherlanguageC．doesnotspeakFrenchatallD．canspeakFrenchasaforeignlanguage解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容IhadsomuchfuninRomeandParis.ThereIcouldspeakinforeignlanguages.我在羅馬和巴黎玩得很開心。在那里，我可以用外語說話，可知作者可以說意大利語和法語作為外語，那不是她自己的第一語言(英語)。故選D。6．WhodoyouthinkMr.andMrs.Gillare________.A．Afamousgeneralandhiswife.B．AfamousAmericanwriterandhiswife.C．Twofriendsofthewriter’s.D．Thewriterandherhusband.解析：選D推理判斷題。作者戲稱自己的一家人為army(軍隊)，是一種調(diào)侃的方式。故選D。7．WhooncelivedonBakerStreet________?A．Amanwhobakedbread.B．SherlockHolmes.C．TheformerUSSecretaryofState.D．Afriendofthewriter’s.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“SherlockHolmes，ofcourse，”可知答案為B。B卷·能力提升練Ⅰ.閱讀填句話題難度系數(shù)詞數(shù)建議用時健康☆☆☆33010′Stressfulsituationsaresometimesunavoidable.Eachofusperceives(理解)challengesinourownwayandreactiontothemalsovaries.Howstressfulourlifeisdependsnotonlyonus．__1__Andthisissomethingwecannotchange.Whatifwedonottrytochangeothers，butrathertryandchangeourattitudetostressandtensionthatweoftenexperienceatwork?StretchinganddoingashortworkoutStretchingreleasesmuscletensionthataccumulatesinyourback，shoulders，andneckduringtheday.Evenwhenyourdayisextremelybusy，doyourbestandsetasideatleast5-10minutestodosomeexercise.Thereareplentyofexercisesyoucanpractisethatdonotrequireanyspecialequipment：yoga，orsimplesquats(蹲起)—youcanpickanykindofworkouttoyourliking．__2__Workingoutisbeneficialforbothyourbodyandmind.Drinkacupofherbaltea__3__Someofthem，suchaschamomile(甘菊)andpeppermint(薄荷)，areapowerfultoolhelpingtofightstressandanxiety.NASAscientistshaverecentlycarriedoutresearchintotheeffectofherbsandfoundoutthatpeppermintscentdecreasestirednessby20%andreducesfrustrationby25%，Makeasmarterchoiceand，whileatwork，drinkherbalteainsteadofcoffee.Takeastroll(漫步)Onceyoufindyourselfinadifferentsurroundingsyouwillfeelmuchbetter．__4__Orderyourfavoritedrinkanddistractyourselfbywatchingpeoplegoby.Ifyourofficeislocatedinanenvironmentallycleanplace，forexample，nearacitypark.Youcanthenrefreshyourselfandrelaxabitbeforeyoudivebackintoyourworkingroutine.__5__Callsomeonewhoyouknowcanunderstandandsupportyouwhenyoufeelstressed.Astudyshowsthatmunicationwithclosepeople，suchasyourfriendsorparents，producesoxytocininyourbody—thehormonethatisneededtosuccessfullyfighttensionandstress.A．Drinkingherbalteacaneffectivelyrelievetension.B．HaveachatC．Physicalactivitywillboostyourenergylevelandhelpyoucalmdown.D．Herbsworkmiracles.E．Otherpeopleinfluenceitaswell.F．Ifyourofficeissituatedinabusycitycenter，thenyoucanspendyourlunchbreakinasidewalkcafé.G．Findhelp[語篇解讀]本文作者就如何釋放壓力這一問題，給出了幾個小的方法。1．解析：選E根據(jù)Howstressfulourlifeisdependsnotonlyonus.可知這里意思是其他人也會影響它。2．解析：選C根據(jù)Thereareplentyofexercisesyoucanpractisethatdonotrequireanyspecialequipment：yoga，orsimplesquats(蹲起)—youcanpickanykindofworkouttoyourliking.可知這里意思是體育運動能夠增加你的精力，并且?guī)椭惆察o下來。3．解析：選D根據(jù)Someofthem，suchaschamomile(甘菊)andpeppermint(薄荷)，areapowerfultoolhelpingtofightstressandanxiety.可知這里意思是草本植物會創(chuàng)造奇跡。4．解析：選F根據(jù)Onceyoufindyourselfinadifferentsurroundingsyouwillfeelmuchbetter.可知這里意思是如果你的辦公室在繁忙的城市中心，那么你就去街邊的咖啡館度過午休時間。5．解析：選B根據(jù)Callsomeonewhoyouknowcanunderstandandsupportyouwhenyoufeelstressed.Astudyshowsthatmunicationwithclosepeople，suchasyourfriendsorparents，producesoxytocininyourbody—thehormonethatisneededtosuccessfullyfighttensionandstress.可知這一自然段主要講了當你有壓力的時候，要和別人聊天，所以這一自然段的小標題應(yīng)該是和別人聊天。Ⅱ.完形填空話題難度系數(shù)詞數(shù)建議用時個人情感☆☆☆26017′(2018·山西師范大學附中模擬)Alittlegirllivedinasimpleandpoorhouseonahill.Usuallyshe__1__playinthesmallgarden.Shecouldseeoverthegardenfenceandacrossthevalleyawonderfulhousewithshininggoldenwindowshighonanotherhill．__2__shelovedherparentsandherfamily，shedesiredtoliveinsuchahouseand__3__alldayabouthowwonderfulandexciting__4__mustfeeltolivethere.Attheagewhenshegainedsome__5__skillandsensibility(識別力)，she__6__hermotherforabikeride__7__thegarden.Hermotherfinallyallowedhertogo，__8__herkeepingclosetothehouseandnot__9__toofar.Thedaywasbeautiful.Thelittlegirlknew__10__whereshewasheading．__11__thehillandacrossthevalley，sherodetothe__12__ofthegoldenhouse.__13__shegotoffherbikeandputitagainstthegatepost，shefocusedonthepath__14__tothehouseandthenonthehouseitself.Shewasverydisappointedwhenshe__15__thatallthewindowswere__16__andratherdirty.So__17__andheart-broken，shedidn’tgoanyfurther.She__18__，andallofasuddenshesawanamazing__19__.Thereontheothersideofthevalleywasalittlehouseanditswindowsweregolden.Lookingatherlittlehome，she__20__thatshehadbeenlivinginhergoldenhousefilledwithloveandcare.Everythingshedreamedwasrightthereinfrontofherhouse.[語篇解讀]本文主要敘述一位小姑娘夢想成真，感知幸福的故事。小姑娘夢想住在一處好房子里，人們都在尋夢，其實幸福就在自己的不遠處，甚至就在自己的眼底下，而自己卻渾然不知。1．A.might B．shouldC．would D．must解析：選C考查情態(tài)動詞。利用語境解題。本題的提示詞是usually，根據(jù)語境這里應(yīng)該表示一個小女孩的個人習慣，句子的意思是：通常她會在那個小花園里玩耍。would表示“過去常?！薄９蔬xC。2．A.Unless B．AlthoughC．Since D．But解析：選B考查連詞。根據(jù)句間邏輯關(guān)系解題。主句是shedesiredtoliveinsuchahouse，從句是shelovedberparentsandherfamily，主句和從句的關(guān)系應(yīng)該是讓步關(guān)系，雖然她深愛著自己的父母和家人，但還是渴望住在那棟房子里。所以選擇Although。3．A.dreamed B．worriedC．a(chǎn)sked D．shouted解析：選A考查動詞。dreamabout夢想；beworriedabout擔憂；askabout詢問；shout大喊，不與about連用。利用語境解題。desiredtoliveinsuchahouse和________alldayabouthowwonderfulandexciting...之間是并列關(guān)系。解題關(guān)鍵在于desired，既然渴望，就會有夢想，所以選擇dreamed。dreamaboutdoingsth.夢想做……，所以選擇dreamed。4．A.this B．thatC．it D．which解析：選C考查代詞。根據(jù)上下文語境解題。本題的解題關(guān)鍵在于介詞about后面的賓語從句howwonderfulandexciting________mustbetolivethere.這個句子如果用陳述句型表達應(yīng)該是：________mustbewonderfulandexcitingtolivethere.經(jīng)分析可知，本題考查的是it作形式主語，代替后面的不定式tolivethere。故選C。5．A.different B．scientificC．musical D．basic解析：選D考查形容詞。different不同的；scientific科學的；musical音樂的；basic基本的。根據(jù)下文提示解題。下文提到懇求媽媽之后才被允許騎自行車圍著花園轉(zhuǎn)一轉(zhuǎn)，說明小女孩剛剛學會些基本的(basic)技能和識別力，所以選擇D。6．A.begged B．blamedC．invited D．paid解析：選A考查動詞。beg乞求；blame責備；invite邀請；pay支付，付錢。根據(jù)生活常識和上下文提示解題。上一段提到desired，dreamed等動詞，說明了小女孩渴望的心情，后面有提到“Hermotherfinallyallowedhertogo”，由此可知小女孩“懇請”媽媽答應(yīng)自己的請求，所以選擇A。7．A.inside B．outsideC．through D．a(chǎn)long解析：選B考查介詞。inside在……的里面；outside在……的外面；through通過；along沿著。根據(jù)下文詞匯復現(xiàn)解題。下文提到了keepingclosetothehouse(在房子周邊，附近)，說明這里表達的是在花園周圍騎車。所以答案是B。8．A.insistingon B．relyingonC．a(chǎn)rguingabout D．wonderingabout解析：選A考查動詞詞組。insiston堅持要求；relyon依賴；argueabout爭論；wonderabout困惑不解。根據(jù)上下文語境解題。前面提到媽媽答應(yīng)了小女孩的要求，但是這是有條件的，那就是媽媽堅持(insistingon)要她不要遠離自家的房子，不要騎太遠。這個答案表明媽媽的態(tài)度，所以選擇A。9．A.traveling B．runningC．riding D．walking解析：選C考查動詞。A.traveling旅游； B．running跑；C.riding騎車；D.walking步行。根據(jù)下文詞匯復現(xiàn)解題。上文提到beggedhermotherforabikeride，所以這里應(yīng)該是表明媽媽對她的要求，不要騎(riding)太遠，所以答案選擇C。10．A.madly B．rapidlyC．exactly D．possibly解析：選C考查副詞。madly發(fā)瘋地；rapidly快速地；exactly確切地、清楚地；possibly可能地。根據(jù)上下文語境解題。小女孩早就夢想著一飽花園的美麗，當?shù)玫綃寢屧试S騎車的時候，她心里“確切”地知道她要去哪里。所以答案選擇C。11．A.Over B．DownC．Around D．Beside解析：選B考查介詞。over在……的正上方，超越；down沿著，向下；around在……周圍，圍繞；beside在……的旁邊。根據(jù)生活常識和上下文提示解題。文章的開始就提到Alittlegirllivedinasimpleandpoorhouseonahill.明確告訴我們小女孩住在山上，所以這里是騎車下山，答案是B。12．A.windows B．stepsC．center D．gate解析：選D考查名詞。A.windows窗戶； B．steps臺階；C.center中心；D.gate門。根據(jù)下文詞匯復現(xiàn)解題。由下段的開始句shegotoffherbikeandputitagainstthegatepost，可知小姑娘騎車到金色的房子的門口，所以答案為D。13．A.Until B．AsC．While D．Because解析：選B考查連詞。根據(jù)句間邏輯關(guān)系解題。本句的解題關(guān)鍵在于主句中的謂語focusedonthepath和從句謂語gotoffthebike之間的邏輯關(guān)系。先下車再專心研究/看……，由此可知要選的從屬連詞為引導時間狀語從句的，但是gotoffherbike為瞬間動詞，而while引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)該是延續(xù)性的，所以否定C答案，選擇B。14．A.getting B．introducingC．leading D．moving解析：選C考查固定搭配解題。getto到達；introduce...to介紹……給……；leadto通向；moveto朝……移動。本句要表達的是道路與房子的關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是這條路通向那所房子，所以選擇C。15．A.felt B．learnedC．concluded D．found解析：選D考查動詞。feel感覺；learn學會，知道；conclude得出結(jié)論；find發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上下文語境解題。上句提到她focusedonthepathandthenonthehouseitself，說明她仔細觀察了這條道路和那所房子。仔細觀察后應(yīng)該有所發(fā)現(xiàn)，這里是指小女孩親眼見到的一切，所以選擇D。16．A.transparent B．brightC．plain D．wide解析：選C考查形容詞。transparent透明的；bright明亮的；plain平淡無奇的，樸素的，家常的；wide寬闊的。根據(jù)句間邏輯關(guān)系解題。前面說到shewasverydisappointed和下面提到verydirty，這些都是選擇本題答案的依據(jù)，既然disappointed，就說明這所房子遠沒有她當初想象得好，很一般，很普通。所以選擇C。17．A.anxious B．a(chǎn)ngryC．serious D．sad解析：選D考查形容詞。anxious焦急的；angry生氣的；serious嚴肅的，認真的；sad悲傷的。根據(jù)上下文語境解題。上段提到了小女孩disappointed，本句中又有heart-broken，由此可推斷小女孩很傷心和難過(sad)，所以選擇D。18．A.turnedaround B．cheeredupC．settleddown D．droppedin解析：選A考查動詞詞組。turnedaround轉(zhuǎn)過身來；cheeredup加油；settleddown安頓下來；droppedin順便拜訪。根據(jù)下文提示解題。下文提到Thereontheothersideofthevalley...可知這里指“小女孩轉(zhuǎn)過身，回頭看”，所以選擇A。19．A.hill B．valleyC．background D．sight解析：選D考查名詞。sight用眼可以看到的景象；background背景；valley山谷；hill小山。根據(jù)上下文語境解題。下文提到Thereontheothersideofthevalleywasalittlehouseanditswindowsweregolden.這是小女孩回頭所看到的景象，所以選擇D。20．A.imagined B．decidedC．realized D．guess解析：選C考查動詞。imagined想象；decided決定；realized意識到；guessed猜測。根據(jù)生活常識和上下文提示解題。這里指小女孩通過自己的親身經(jīng)歷明白了一個道理，原來自己一直住在一座充滿了關(guān)愛的金色的房子里。也就是她意識到了這一點，所以答案選擇C。Ⅲ.語法填空Youmaythink，saltisjustasimplecookingelementforalittleextrataste.Butsaltismuchmorethanthat.1．________saltourmuscleswouldnotmove.Ournervoussystemswouldnotoperate.Ourheartswouldnotbeat.Saltmeanslife.Butdonotthinkrubbingsaltinawoundwillhelp.Doingthatwouldbe2.________(pain)andnothealthewound.Torubsaltinawoundisanidiomthat3.________(mean)tomakeabadsituationworseonpurpose.Earlyhumans4.________(get)thesalttheyneededtostayalivefromtheanimalstheykilled.5.________advancesinagricultureledtoadietlowinsalt.So，humansneededtofindothersources.Those6.________livedneartheoceanorothernaturalsourcesforsaltwerelucky.Theydidnothavetotradeforsalt.Infact，peopleusedsaltasamethodofpaymentinmany7.________(part)oftheancientworld.Theword“salary”esfromtheword“salt”．Saltalsoplayed8.________importantpartinpopulationmovementandworldexploration.Explorersunderstoodthatiftheycouldkeepfoodfresh，theycouldtravel9.________(long)distances.Sotheyusedsalt10.________preservefoodandexploretheworld.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。介紹了鹽在人類生活和世界探索中的重要性。1．解析：Without考查介詞。根據(jù)上文的“Butsaltismuchmorethanthat.”可知，鹽比那個更重要。且根據(jù)下文的ourmuscleswouldnotmove.可知，此處表示沒有鹽，我們的肌肉將不會動。故填Without。2．解析：painful考查詞形變化。系動詞be后接形容詞作表語。故填painful。3．解析：means考查謂語動詞。分析句子可知，該句為定語從句且謂語動詞由先行詞決定，故根據(jù)先行詞anidiom以及主句謂語動詞is可知，該處應(yīng)填means。4．解析：got考查謂語動詞。根據(jù)時間狀語Early可知，該句應(yīng)為一般過去時態(tài)，故填got。5．解析：But考查連詞。根據(jù)下文的So，humansneededtofindothersources.可知，此處應(yīng)填But，表示轉(zhuǎn)折。6．解析：who考查關(guān)系代詞。因為該句的先行詞為Those，且表示“人”，故用who引導定語從句。當先行詞為those且指物時，其后的定語從句由which或that來引導；而當其指人時，由who引導。7．解析：parts考查名詞復數(shù)。many后接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)，故填parts。8．解析：an考查冠詞。短語playanimportantpartin...，意為“在……中起重要的作用”。9．解析：longer考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)上文的．..iftheycouldkeepfoodfresh...可知，此處應(yīng)用比較級。10．解析：to考查介詞。usesth.todosth.意為“用某物來做某事”。Ⅳ.短文改錯文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.Thoughnotverybig，buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.Somepeopleevenhadtowaitoutside.Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbeingrichintheshortperiodoftime.Instead，hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteady.答案：Myuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetoeq\o(that,\s\do11(where))Ilive.Thoughnotverybig，buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.Somepeopleeveneq\o(had,\s\do11(have))towait