統(tǒng)考版2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考提升指導(dǎo)與精練11閱讀理解-詞義猜測題含解析

PAGE閱讀理解——詞義揣測題優(yōu)培11閱讀理解——詞義揣測優(yōu)培11閱讀理解——詞義揣測題真題在線真題在線1.應(yīng)用1.應(yīng)用①2024（2024·全國III卷，B）When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(動作捕獲)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants”,“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper”,havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.24.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A.Toseefamousfilmstars.B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking“Apes”. B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes”. D.Theperformanceofrealapes.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely. B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully. D.Watchingcarefully.27.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A.Theymaybebadlytreated. B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.Theycouldbetradedillegally D.Theywouldlosepopularity.【答案】24-27DBDA【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了電影《猩球崛起》上個月首次與公眾見面。動物愛好者聚集在好萊塢前，感謝電影制作者，在電影拍攝時，沒有運用真的類人猿?，F(xiàn)在的動物拍攝運用的是數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)建技術(shù)，而一些電影的拍攝卻存在著虐待動物的現(xiàn)象，這讓一個非盈利的組織親密關(guān)注此事。但有些拍攝也是不能夠被監(jiān)測到的。24.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafullbodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes!””可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活動人士來到現(xiàn)場，手里拿著一塊贊揚電影制作人的牌子:感謝你們不用真正的猿猴。所以動物愛護者聚集在好萊塢大道是為了向電影制作者表示感謝。故選D項。25.主旨大意題。依據(jù)其次段可知，“人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團隊利用動作捕獲技術(shù)創(chuàng)建數(shù)字化的動物，在記錄演員表演的技術(shù)上，花費了數(shù)千萬美元，然后用電腦圖形處理，從而形成最終的影像。由此可知，其次段主要是關(guān)于數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)建。故選B項。26.詞句揣測題。依據(jù)第三段劃線前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一家監(jiān)控動物待遇的非營利組織）以及下文提到很多電影，包括《大象的眼淚》，《宿醉Ⅱ》，和《管理員》，引起了動物愛護人士的生氣，他們說影片中的動物沒有被很好的對待。）可推斷出，劃線詞的意思是“親密關(guān)注”。故選D項。27.推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段（在某些狀況下，讓活動人士擔(dān)憂的并不是電影棚里對動物的待遇，讓人擔(dān)憂的是訓(xùn)練和生活條件。還有一些關(guān)于在美國以外國家和地區(qū)拍攝的電影的問題，這些電影有時不像在美國拍攝的電影那樣受到嚴密的監(jiān)控。）可知，在某些狀況下，讓活動人士擔(dān)憂的并不是工作室里動物的待遇，令人擔(dān)憂的是動物的訓(xùn)練和生活條件。由此推斷出動物演員可能受到虐待。故選A項。（2024·江蘇卷，C）Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratesandtooksamples(樣品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists’lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat,intheoryshouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissue.Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound.Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白質(zhì))thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰島素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.61.Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.A.digestthemealeasily B.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeat D.eatwhateverisoffered62.Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?A.Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.B.Theirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.C.Theycouldwalkatanaveragespeed.D.Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.63.Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?A.Theysuccessfullylostweight. B.Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.C.Theyburnedmorefatonaverage. D.Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.64.Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A.Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.B.Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.C.Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.D.Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.【答案】61-64BABD【解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了一項探討，結(jié)果表明對于那些能忍受的人來說，不吃早餐熬煉可能對健康更有益。61.詞句揣測題。依據(jù)后面“workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst”可知，早餐前熬煉可能比先吃飯再熬煉對健康更有益，因此推斷這里說的是那些不吃早飯先熬煉的人，因此推斷劃線詞與B項（不吃早飯能應(yīng)付）意思相近。故選B。62.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的“Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesarefarbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.”可知，他們首先找到了10個超重的，健身不活躍但身體健康的年輕人，他們的生活方式不論好壞，代表了我們大多數(shù)人。因此可知，試驗時選擇的10個人的生活方式代表了一般人。故選A。63.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第六段的“Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories,onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.”（結(jié)果，他們空腹漫步時燃燒的脂肪比他們首先吃東西時所燃燒的脂肪要多。另一方面，平均而言，他們在早餐后熬煉時燃燒的卡路里略多于禁食后。）可知，熬煉前吃早飯消耗更多一點的熱量。故選B。64.推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段可知，這些結(jié)果示意，為了從運動中獲得最大的健康好處，先不吃東西可能更明智。因此推斷早飯前的體育熬煉對健康更有益。故選D。（2024·全國II卷，D）Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonfromgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避風(fēng)港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盜版行為)andIthinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.32.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.34.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs. B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries. D.Purchasehernovels.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutWritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary【答案】32-35CBCD【解析】本文為一篇夾敘夾議文，講解并描述了作者作為孩子，母親和作家等不同身份時，表達出來的對書籍及圖書館的酷愛。32.推理推斷題。依據(jù)題干中的asachild，定位到第一段中的“Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.”，可知書本與童年時期的作者關(guān)系緊密，無法分割，故選C。33.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)題干定位到第三段，“伴隨著年齡的增長，我成了一位母親，圖書館對我來說成了一個全新的地方，并且有了附加的意義。我有了幾個孩子，書本成了我們消遣的源泉?！笨芍@個意義是與家庭和歡樂有關(guān)的，故選B。34.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)題干中的callon定位到最終一段“Ithinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.”可知作者認為全部的作家應(yīng)當(dāng)用一種獨特的方式來支持圖書館，故選C。35.標(biāo)題歸納題。依據(jù)首尾兩段，作者從始至終對書籍及圖書館都充溢了愛意，故答案選D。2.應(yīng)用2.應(yīng)用②2024（2024·江蘇卷，B）Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:hecouldn’tfindthepark’svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that’swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn’tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圓錐體)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(巖漿)pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn’tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearesuchexplosivevolcanoesthattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn’tfindthecalderaanywhere.JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera;almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.58.WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?A.Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.B.Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.C.Themysterioushistoryofthepark.D.Theexactlocationofthevolcano.59.Whatdoesthesecond-paragraphmainlytalkabout？A.Theshapesofvolcanoes. B.Theimpactsofvolcanoes.C.Theactivitiesofvolcanoes. D.Theheightsofvolcanoes.60.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow-up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A.Hot-airballoon. B.Digitalcamera.C.Bigphotograph. D.Bird’sview.【答案】58-60DAC【解析】本文為記敘文。講解并描述了二十世紀六十年頭BobChristiansen在探討黃石公園的火山歷史時，驚奇地發(fā)覺到處看不到火山的影子，原來，這兒的火山并不是像我們大部分人想象的那種圓錐體形態(tài)的高聳的樣子，而是一個巨大的洞，這個洞太大了以至于從地面上的任何地方都看不見。58.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“ButChristiansencouldn’tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.”可知，他困惑的是到處看不到火山。故選D。59.主旨大意題。本段講解并描述了兩種形態(tài)的火山，一種是通常人們所理解的由火山巖漿積累形成的圓錐體，還有一種是極具爆發(fā)力的火山，它們會在一個大裂縫中爆裂，留下一個巨大的洞，故選A。60.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第三段第一句可知，美國國家航空和宇宙航行局為測試一批新的高海拔照相機而拍攝了黃石公園的照片。一位深思熟慮的官員把其中的一些照片副本轉(zhuǎn)交給了公園管理部門，認為他們可能會將其放大專供一個游客中心進行展示。故可知，此處意為將照片放大，選C。提分訓(xùn)練提分訓(xùn)練Passage1Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehotwetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000,Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡)，withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.1.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatters. D.Theywerecloselyconnected2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”nderlinedinparagraph2?A.complex. B.advanced. C.powerful. D.modern.3.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800. B.About3,400 C.About2,400 D.About1,200.4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.【答案】1-4BCBC【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述了隨著社會的發(fā)展人類語言越來越少及其緣由。1.推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknitgroupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.”可知當(dāng)世界上的人口數(shù)量不到一千萬時，語言種類達到了12000種。由此推知，當(dāng)時的語言種類很多。故選B。2.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)文章其次段中的“dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover”可知，英語、西班牙語和漢語正在快速替代其他語言。由此推知dominantlanguages意為占統(tǒng)治地位的語言或主流語言，即powerful。故選C。3.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段中的“Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themediannumberofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.”可知，目前世界上大約有6800種語言，但是說的人數(shù)少于6000人的占一半即3400。故選B。4.主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的主題句“Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.”可知，語言的產(chǎn)生和消逝進行了幾千年，但最近語言產(chǎn)生的少，消逝的太多。故選C。Passage2Mybrother-in-lawopenedthebottomdrawerofmysister’sbureau(衣櫥)andpickedoutawonderfulskirt.“JanboughtthisthefirsttimewewenttoNewYork,atleasteightornineyearsago.Sheneverworeit.Shewassavingitforaspecialoccasion.”Well,Iguessthisistheoccasion.Hetooktheskirtfrommeandputitonthebed.Hishandstouchedthesoftmaterialforamoment,andthenheshutthedrawerandturnedtome,“Don’teversaveanythingforaspecialoccasion.Everydayyou’realiveisaspecialoccasion.”I’mstillthinkingabouthiswords,andthey’vechangedmyattitudetolife.I’mspendingmoretimewithmyfamilyandfriendsandlesstimeoncommitteemeetings.Wheneverpossible,lifeshouldbeapatternofexperiencetoenjoy,notsuffer.I’mtryingtorecognizethesemomentsnowandtreasurethem.“Someday”and“oneofthesedays”arebeinglostfrommyvocabulary.Ifit’sworthseeingorhearingordoing,Iwanttoseeandhearanddoitnow.I’mnotsurewhatmysisterwouldhavedoneifshehadknownshewouldn’thavetomorrow.Ithinkshewouldhavecalledfamilymembersandafewclosefriends.Shemighthavecalledafewformerfriendstoapologizeandmendherfencesforpastthings.IthinkshewouldhavegoneoutforaChinesedinner,herfavoritefood.IfIknewthatmyhourswerelimited,thoselittlethingsleftundonewouldmakemeangry.AngrybecauseIputoffseeinggoodfriendswhomIwasgoingtogetintouchwithsomeday.AngryandsorrybecauseIdidn’ttellmyhusbandanddaughteroftenenoughhowmuchItrulylovethem.I’mtryingveryhardnottoputoff,holdback,orsaveanythingthatwouldaddlaughtertoourlives.AndeverymorningwhenIopenmyeyes,Itellmyselfthateveryday,everyminute,everybreathtruly…,isagiftworthcherishing.5.WhatkindofpersondoyouthinkJanis?A.Meanandconservative. B.Activeandconfident.C.Economicalandintrovert(內(nèi)向). D.Indifferentanddistant.6.Whichofthefollowingisnotthewriter’sattitudetolife?A.Spendingmoretimestayingwiththefamily.B.Enjoyinglifeandvaluingeveryday.C.Attendingsocialactivitiesasoftenaspossible.D.Tryingtogetalongwellwithfriends.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedexpression“mendherfencesforpast”?A.Breakherword. B.Trytobefriendlyagainwithsomeone.C.Giveupherpointofview. D.Keepherpromise.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Peopleareadvisedtotreasureeverydayandthemeaningoflife.B.Peopleareencouragedtobehardonthemselvesforabrightlife.C.Peoplearetoldtogetridofbeingangryandsorryinlife.D.Peoplearepersuadedtocareforthemselvesmorethanothers.【答案】5-8CCBA【解析】本文為記敘文。作者通過自己姐姐的故事告知我們，我們生活的每一天，每一分鐘都應(yīng)當(dāng)珍惜，珍惜和家人、摯友相聚的每一分鐘，去酷愛生活、愛四周的一切，因為這全部的都是上帝對我們的饋贈。5.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中““JanboughtthisthefirsttimewewenttoNewYork,atleasteightornineyearsago.Sheneverworeit.Shewassavingitforaspecialoccasion.””即這是我們第一次去紐約時簡買的，至少是八、九年前的事了。她從沒穿過它。她把它留到一個特別的場合可知，簡是一個節(jié)儉的人；再依據(jù)第五段中的“Ithinkshewouldhavecalledfamilymembersandafewclosefriends.Shemighthavecalledafewformerfriendstoapologizeandmendherfencesforpastthings.”即我想她會給家人和幾個親密的摯友打電話，也可能會給幾個以前的摯友打電話，為過去的事情致歉，修補關(guān)系可推知，簡是一特性格內(nèi)向的人。故C選項正確。6.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中“I’mspendingmoretimewithmyfamilyandfriendsandlesstimeincommitteemeetings.Wheneverpossible,lifeshouldbeapatternofexperiencetoenjoy,notsuffer.I’mtryingtorecognizethesemomentsnowandtreasurethem.”即“我”正花費更多的時間和我的家人摯友在一起，而去削減參與會議的時間。生活應(yīng)是我們對每一次經(jīng)驗的享受。要去記住和珍惜這全部的時刻可知，C項（盡可能多地參與社會活動）明顯與原文不符。故C選項正確。7.詞義揣測題。劃線詞所在句意：她可能還會給幾位從前摯友打電話主動致歉，摒棄前嫌，重歸于好。B項（試著再次和別人友好相處）最符合句意。故B選項正確。8.推理推斷題。本文作者通過講解并描述自己姐姐的故事，告誡我們每一天都是重要的，不要把希望寄予到明天，要不斷地從每一天中找到生活的真諦。故A選項正確。Passage3ThemassdeathofflyingfoxesinextremeheatinNorthQueenslandlastmonthunderlinestheimportanceofUniversityofQueenslandwildliferesearchreleasedtoday.TheUQresearchshedslightonhowvariousspecieshaverespondedtomajorclimateevents.AstudyledbyUQSchoolofEarthandEnvironmentalScienceresearcherDrSeanMaxwellhasspentmorethan70yearsquantifyingtheresponsesofvariousspecies.“Thegrowingfrequencyandintensityofextremeweathereventssuchascyclones,droughtsandfloodsiscausingunpredictableandimmediatechangestoecosystemsandblockingexistingmanagementefforts,”DrMaxwellsaid.“Someofthenegativeresponseswefoundwerequiteconcerning,includingmorethan100casesofdramaticpopulationdeclinesand31casesoflocalpopulationextinctionfollowinganextremeevent.”“PopulationsofcriticallyendangeredbirdspeciesinHawaii,suchasthepalia,havebeenannihilatedduetodrought,leavingnoneofitskind,andpopulationsoflizardspecieshavebeenwipedoutduetocyclonesintheBahamas.”Cycloneswerethemostcommonextremeeventforbirds,fish,plantsandreptiles,whilemammalsandamphibiansweremostresponsivetodroughtevents,withdroughtleadingto12casesofmajorpopulationdeclineinmammals.Droughtalsoledto13casesofbreedingdeclinesinbirdpopulationsand12casesofchangesinthecompositionofinvertebratecommunities.UQCentreforBiodiversityandConservationSciencedirectorProfessorJamesWatsonsaidthedetailedinformationwouldhelpinformecosystemmanagement.“Theresearchclearlyshowsspecieswillrespond,oftennegatively,toextremeevents,”ProfessorWatsonsaid.“Asclimatechangecontinuestoensureextremeclimateandweathereventsaremoreandmorecommon,wenowneedtoacttoensurespecieshavethebestchancetosurvive.Whereverpossible,highqualityandintacthabitatareasshouldberetained,asthesearetheplaceswherespeciesaremostresilient(易復(fù)原的)toincreasingexposuretoextremeevents.”9.HowwastheUQresearchconducted?A.Byobservingextremeweatherevents.B.Byprotectingtheendangeredspecies.C.Byrecordingreactionsofanimalstoextremeclimate.D.Byanalyzingthereasonwhymassanimaldeathhappened.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“annihilated”inparagraph4probablymean?A.destroyed. B.defeated. C.decreased. D.disappeared.11.Whichofthefollowingsentencesistrueaboutextremeweatherevents?A.Droughtcaused13casesofdistinctioninbirdpopulations.B.Droughtcaused12casesofpopulationdeclineinmammals.C.Birdsandmammalsaremostresponsivetocyclones.D.Cycloneswipedoutpopulationsoflizard.【答案】9-11CDB【解析】本文為說明文。澳大利亞昆士蘭地球與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院的探討員肖恩?麥克斯韋博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一項探討，該探討用了70多年的時間來記錄和量化不同物種對重大氣候事務(wù)的反應(yīng)。昆士蘭高校今日公布了這份關(guān)于野生動物探討的報告。9.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段說到英國昆士蘭高校地球與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院的探討員肖恩·麥克斯韋博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一項探討，該探討用了70多年的時間來量化不同物種的反應(yīng)可推知，英國昆士蘭高校通過記錄動物對極端氣候的反應(yīng)進行了這項探討。故C選項正確。10.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第四段中劃線詞所在句中的leavingnoneofitskind（一只也不留下）可知，劃線詞意為“滅亡的”。A.destroyed：遭破壞的；B.defeated：擊敗的；C.decreased：削減的；D.disappeared：消逝的。故D選項正確。11.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“whilemammalsandamphibiansweremostresponsivetodroughtevents,withdroughtleadingto12casesofmajorpopulationdeclineinmammals.”可知，哺乳動物和兩棲動物對干旱氣候最敏感，干旱導(dǎo)致12例哺乳動物的主要種群數(shù)量下降。故B選項正確。Passage4Whetheryouadmititornot,people’sloveforChristmasJumper(毛衣)aroundChristmashasincreasedoverrecentyears.AndwhileyoumaybelesswillingtogetinvolvedintheChristmasjumpertrend,ChristmasJumperDaynowenablesyoutodomorewithyourjumperthanbuildupsweatinanincrediblywarmoffice.TheoriginoftheChristmasjumpercandatebacktothelate19thcenturyintheUSA.Americansinthe1930sknitted(編織)forChristmastocreateanitemofclothingtokeepthem“warm”duringtheGreatDepressionwhenpeopleledapoora