牛津初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)和練習(xí)

7AUnit1Thisisme一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(is/am/are,do/does)的肯定、否定和疑問(wèn)形式。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)?！傲?xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性”是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的三大特性，它不表示特定時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的事。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以用于以下幾種情況：

1.表示人或事物動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)，

TheyusuallywatchTVonSundays.他們通常在星期天看電視。

Shegetsupatsixo’clock.她在六點(diǎn)起床。

2.表示人或事物現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，如：

Heistwelve.他十二歲。Sheisathome.她在家。

Hercarisunderthetree.她的車在樹下。

3.表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，如：

Igotoschoolat7:30everyday.每天七點(diǎn)半我上學(xué)。

4.表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格和能力等，如：

DavidcanspeakEnglishandSpanish.戴維會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)。

Shelikesapples.她喜歡蘋果。

5.表示普遍存在或某種客觀事實(shí)。如：

MarchcomesafterFebruary.二月之后三月來(lái)到了。

Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.太陽(yáng)比月亮大。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與often,usually,always,everyday,sometimes,everyweek,everymonth,everyyear,inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,onceaweek,onSundays,never等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要的變化就是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要有相應(yīng)的變化。主要有以下幾種變化：(“主語(yǔ)為三單，其后動(dòng)詞s添”)(何謂第三人稱單數(shù)？用一句話概括就是“非你、非我、非復(fù)數(shù)”)

1）一般情況下在動(dòng)詞尾直接加-s;

如：read→reads,write→writes,say→says;

2）以s,sh,ch,x,o結(jié)尾的單詞加-es；如：teach→teaches,wash→washes,guess→guesses,

fix→fixes,go→goes;

3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為i，再加-es

如：try→tries,carry→carries.

專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、單選

1Jenny___inanoffice.Herparents____inahospital.AworkworksBworksworkCworkareworkingDisworkingwork

2Oneoftheboys_____ablackhat.AhaveBthereisCthereareDhas

3Wewillgoshoppingifit____tomorrow.Adon'trainBdidn'trainCdoesn'trainDisn'train

4Hesaidthesun____intheeastand____inthewest.Arose;setBrises;setsCrises,setDrise;sets

5WangMei____musicandoften____tomusic.Alike;listenBlikes;listensClike;arelisteningDliking;listen

6Jenny____Englisheveryevening.AhasstudyBstudiesCstudyDstudied

二、填空

1IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe_____(come)tovisit.2_____yoursister_____(know)English?

3Herhome_______________(遠(yuǎn)離)herschool.4Thepot________(notlook)likeyoursverymuch.

5Where_____you____(have)luncheveryday?6Who________(想要)togoswimming?

7______she_____(do)thehouseworkeveryday?8JennyandDannyusually______(play)gamesintheafternoon.10.Danny__________________(go)toschoolat7:10.11.DoesJenny____________________(has)agoodfriend?

12Brian___________________________(notlive)inChina.13.We_____________________(notdo)ourhomeworkintheafternoon.14.LiMingwithme_________________(be)inBeijing.15.Tomdoeshishomeworkathome.否定句:一般疑問(wèn)句:Unit2Myday人稱代詞：顧名思義，人稱代詞表示人。然而，人稱代詞并不全指人，也指物。人稱代詞有三個(gè)人稱（我，你，ta）,每個(gè)人稱又分單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，第二人稱單復(fù)數(shù)同行，第三人稱單數(shù)還分三性“她他它”。數(shù)和性取決于它所指代的名詞，規(guī)則取決于在句中的地位。英語(yǔ)8個(gè)人稱代詞單數(shù)主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞I我me我my我的mine我的（東西）myself我自己you你you你your你的yours你的（東西）yourself你自己he他him他his他的his他的（東西）himself他自己she她her她her她的hers她的（東西）herself她自己it它it它its它的its它的（東西）itself它自己復(fù)數(shù)we我們us我們our我們的ours我們的（東西）ourselves我們自己you你們you你們your你們的yours你們的（東西）yourselves你們自己they他們them他們their他們的theirs他們的（東西）themselves他們自己練習(xí)1.Thisisagirl._____nameisLily.A.HisB.SheC.HerD.Its2.ThisisWangFang._____istwelve.A.HisB.SheC.HerD.Its3.I_____agirl._______nameisWangHong.A.am;MyB.is;HerC.am;YourD.is;His4.LiLei______aboy._____isinclass5.A.am;HeB.is;SheC.are;HisD.is;He5.-----Isthecat______-friend?------Yes,_______.A.your;itisn’tB.he;itisC.your;itisD.her;itisn’t6.Thisisabird.Idon’tknow_______name.A.its’B.it’sC.itD.its7.Theycanstudyby___________.A.themB.theyC.themselvesD.us8.--What’sthis?－－It’s______pencil.A.myaB.amyC.mytheD.my9.Ithink_____Mrs.Wang.A.he’sB.HisC.she’sD.it’s10-----What’sthat?-----_____isacat.A.ItB.HeC.SheD.You11.Thisnewcomputeris,Imustlookaftercomputer.A.my,mineB.mine,myC.my,myD.mine,mine12.It’sseveno’clockinthemorning.Let’s.A.gotobedB.gotoschoolC.togotohomeD.goingtoschool13.________?It’sten.A.WhatcolourisitB.WhattimeisitC.HowoldisheD.What’sfiveminusfive14.–Isthisnewbag?--No,it’s.A.his,hisB.his,hersC.yours,myD.hers,your15.–What’sthetime,please?--.A.It’seight-thirtyfiveB.It’seight-thirty-fiveC.It’seightthirty-fiveD.It’sthirty-fivepasteight16.–IsTomafriendofyours?--Yes,heisafriendof.A.IB.meC.myD.mine17.Therearehistrousers.Give.A.ittohimB.himitC.themtohimD.himthemUnit3時(shí)間介詞at,on,inat:+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/四餐breakfast,lunch,supper,dinner/節(jié)日Christmas，Mid-AutumnFestival/年齡atthistime/atthattimeon:+星期/具體日期in:+一天中的一部分/月份/季節(jié)/年Above：在。。上方（不一定垂直）eg.Themoonisaboveourschool.

Over：垂直的正上方eg.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.

On：接觸的上方eg.Thereisabookonthedesk.Below：在。。下方（不一定垂直）18歲以下Under：垂直的正下方18歲以上（換句話說(shuō)，表示正下方，兩者都可用；不表示正下方，則通常用below。）Beside：在。。。近旁，在旁邊Nextto：緊鄰著Outside：在。。外面，在室外Inside：在。。的里面，在。。內(nèi)部Infrontof：在。。前面（物體外部的前面）有個(gè)女人坐在車的前面。____________________________________Inthefrontof：在。。前面（物體內(nèi)部的前面）Behind：在。。。后面Between：在。。。中間（between。。。and。。。）among三個(gè)或者三者以上In：在。。中，在。。內(nèi)At：在。。處Opposite：在。。正對(duì)面疑問(wèn)詞：what,which,who,whose,when,where,why,howwhat:活動(dòng)或事情which:事或人Who:人Whose：擁有的，所有的When:時(shí)間Where：地點(diǎn)Why:原因How:方式some,any的用法介詞練習(xí)1.Chinalies_____theeastofAsiaand___thenorthofAustralia.A.to;toB.in;toC.to;inD.in;on2.______theafternoonofMarch8,thewomeninthecityhadabigparty.A.ToB.InC.AtD.On3.Where’sLily?Weareallhere______her.A.besidesB.aboutC.exceptD.with4.Mum,todayisMother’sDay.MikeandIwanttoinviteyoutohavedinner____usatShanghaiRestaurant,whichisfamous_____itsseafood.A.with;ofB.with;forC.for;toD.to;for5.Hehasgotachairtosit_______,butnobodytotalk_______.A.on;toB./;withC.on;/D./;to6.Englishiswidelyused______travelersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld.A.toB.forC.asD.by7.—It’skind___youtocometoseeme.—It’sapleasure.Youweresokind___me.A.of;withB.for;withC.of;toD.for;to8.—Isthemanagerin?—Sorry,heisout.Buthewillbeback____threeo’clock.A.inB.onC.untilD.before9._____theageoffifteen,shehadwrittenscoresofarticlesforanewspaper.A.AtB.BeforeC.SinceD.By10.—Bob,youarewanted_____thephone.—Thanksalot.A.onB.byC.ofD.for11.Thesoilismade____thedeadleavesofthetrees.A.upofB.ofC.fromD.by12.Wecan’tdoit________yourhelp.A.withB.ofC.underD.without13.Youmuststand_____linewhenyouarewaiting_____abus.A.on;inB.in;forC.in;onD.on;for14.It’sverynice_____youtogetmetwotickets_____theWorldCup.A.for;ofB.of;forC.to;forD.of;to15.Weshoulddosomethingtostopsandstorms_____happeningagainandagain.A.fromB.onC.byD.to16.Hehasn’theardfromhisfriend__________lastmonth.A.sinceB.bytheendofC.forD.until17.Theaccidenttookplace________acoldFebruaryevening.A.onB.inC.atD.forUnit4頻率副詞never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always2.?？蓴?shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞：a.大多數(shù)直接加s;b.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的把y變加es;c.以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾的加es;d.以o結(jié)尾的加s或es;e.以f或fe結(jié)尾的把f變v加esf.特殊的:man---men/woman---women/foot---feet/tooth---teeth/sheep---sheep/fish---fish(fishes魚類)/Chinese---ChineseTherebe結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某個(gè)地方客觀存在”.用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：（1分）

1.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill?

2.Thereissome________(food)inthebasket.

3.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.

4.Thereisalotof________(water)inthebottle.

5.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.

6.Let'stake________(photo),OK?

7.Ihavelotsof________(tomato)here.

8.The________(leaf)onthetreeturnyellow.

9.The_______(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.

10.Their________(dictionary)looknew.

11.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite________(hair).

12.Theyare________(woman)doctors.

13.Canyougivemesomebottlesof______(orange),please?

14.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture.

15.Iwouldlikesomeapple_______(juice).Iamverythirsty.【2012貴州貴陽(yáng)】34.“Whatdoweneedforthesalad?”“Weneedtwoapplesandthree______.”A.orangeB.tomatoesC.broccoli28.—Ihave______inlearningEnglishandI’msoworried.Couldyouhelpmewithit?—Sure,I’dloveto.A.joy B.interestC.trouble D.fun【2012廣東】28.ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike'sfarmandsawmany_____there.A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.Rabbit【2012廣西玉林】32.TheInternetisveryuseful.Wecangetalotof___________fromit.A.thingB.messageC.informationsD.information【2012廣西玉林】36.—Whatisyourfavoritefood?[來(lái)源~%:zzs#t*ep.co&m]—Ilike______best.Ihadalargebowllastnight.[來(lái)&源:中教^@*#網(wǎng)]A.potatonoodleB.potatoesnoodlesC.potatonoodlesD.potatoesnoodles【2012貴州安順】12.Couldyoupleasegivesome_____tothe_____teachers?A．a(chǎn)dvice;man B．a(chǎn)dvices;menC．suggestion;man D．suggestions;men網(wǎng)~]Therearetwenty__________inourhospital. A.womandoctors B.womendoctor C.womendoctors D.womandoctor__________areusuallycarefulindoingexercises.A.Girlstudents B.GirlsstudentsC.Girls’students D.Girl’sstudents1. ----Whatarethese? --Theyare__________.A.deers B.radios C.Radioes D.tomatos2. Howmany__________arethereinthese__________?A.tomatos,photos B.tomatoes,photos C.tomatoes,photoes D.potatos,photoes3.Mr.Chenhastwo__________.A.tooths B.teeth C.teeths D.toothes4. Hereare__________foryou,Sue.A.potatos B.somepotatoesC.threetomatos D.sometomato5. Thenthe__________begantoeatthegreen__________ofyoungtrees.A.deer,leafs B.deer,leaves C.deer,leaf D.deers,leafs國(guó)人復(fù)數(shù)變化專項(xiàng)1. Imetsome__________intheparkandtalkedwiththemtheotherday.A.Japanese B.American C.Chineses D.English2. ---Excuseme,areyou__________?---Yes,I’mfrom__________.A.Japan,Japanese B.China,ChineseC.England,English D.American,America3. Agroupof__________aretalkingwithtwo__________overthere.A.Frenchmen,Germans B.Frenchmen,Germen C.Frenchmen,German D.Frenchmanes,Germans4. Yesterdayafew__________cametovisitsome__________inShantou.A.German,placesofinterest B.Germans,placesofinterests C.Germans,placesofinterest D.Germen,placesofinterest。5. Two__________andfive__________arestudyingChineseatBeijingUniversity.A.German,English B.Germans,EnglishC.Germans,Englishmen D.Germen,Englishmen復(fù)合名詞Thedeliciousdishesarecookedby__________. A.womencookers B.womencooks C.womancooks D.womancookers2. Juliewenttothe__________tobuyapairofshoes.A.shoesstore B.shoe’sstore C.shoestore D.shoes’store中等題Takesome__________toschool.It’ssohotandyoumayfeelthirsty.A.meat B.bread C.juice D.orangeWeseemany__________and__________onthehill.A.horses;sheeps B.horse;sheep C.horses;sheep D.horse,sheeps4.---CouldIhavesomethingtoeat?---Sure.Here’ssome. A.chicken B.tomatoes C.orange D.PotatoThereare__________studentsplayingintheplayground.A.agreatdealof B.alargeamountof C.alargequantityof D.anumberof3. Thereis__________milkand__________applesinthefridge.Let’sgetsome.A.little,afew B.little,few C.alittle.few D.few.alittle中等題Howmany__________didyouhaveforbreakfast? A.loavesofbread B.loavesofbreads C.loafsofbread D.loafofbreadWeareveryhappywithour__________inourstudies. A.greatprogresses B.greatprogressC.manyprogress D.lotofprogressPleasepassme__________.Iwillcorrectthem.A.thetestpaper B.somepiecesoftestpaper C.thetestpapers D.somepieceoftestpaper4. I’dliketohaveaglassofmilkand__________.A.twobreads B.twopiecesofbreadsC.twopiecesofbread D.twopieceofbread5. Hebought__________.A.twopairsofshoes B.twopairofshoes C.twopairsofshoe D.twopairofshoeTheyhad__________climbinguptothetopofthehill. A.goodtime B.thegoodtime C.agoodtime D.goodtimesShehasgivenus__________. A.agreathelp B.manyhelps C.alargenumberofhelpD.alotofhelpIhavetowrite__________,butIhave__________towrite__________. A.apaper,nopaper,on B.paper,nopaper,with C.apaper,notanypapers,onD.apaper,notapaper,onUnit5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/are+doing表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.現(xiàn)在分詞：1、-ing,looking2、以e結(jié)尾，去e+ing,hiking3、重讀閉音節(jié)（輔元輔）雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母+ing。putting，______________________________4、以ie結(jié)尾的，變ie為y,+ing,dietie現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用：1、正在發(fā)生或一直發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。HeiswatchingTVallday.Wearehavingclassnow.2、瞬間動(dòng)詞（come,go,leave,arrive）用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。I’mcoming.SheisleavingforShanghai.標(biāo)志詞：now,atpresent,atthemoment,具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，Look!Listen!…三、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)be(was,were)+V-ing定義：過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者過(guò)去某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。HewasplayingwhileIwasstudying.Wewereexpectingyouyesterday.（昨天一整天的時(shí)間都在等）用法：（1）過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者過(guò)去某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作HewasplayingwhileIwasstudying.Wewereexpectingyouyesterday.(2)瞬間動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)，表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。HesaidtheywereleavingforBeijingthisafternoon.標(biāo)志詞：when,while,thistimeyesterdayat+具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)+過(guò)去的時(shí)間等表示過(guò)去的某時(shí)某刻和過(guò)去的某一階段.When____________________________________while__________________________________Whentheteachercamein,weweretalking.=Whileweweretalking,theteachercamein.②when說(shuō)明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)，也可以是先后發(fā)生；Thechildrenwererunningtomovethebagofricewhentheyheardthesoundofamotorbike.while則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過(guò)程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Theyweresingingwhileweweredancing.1.Where'sTom?

Hismother__

himnow.【2011北京】A.islookingfor

B.willlookfor

C.haslookedfor

D.Looksfor2.—WhatisTomdoingnow?

—He______basketballoverthere.【2011山東】A.isplaying

B.willplay

C.hasplayed

D.wasplaying3.—What’stheweatherlike?—Oh,it___outside.Takeanumbrellawithyou.【2011遼寧大連】

A.rains

B.israining

C.wasraining

D.rained4.Youcan’tusethebathroomrightnow.

Robbie______ashower.【2011湖南張家界】

A.takes

B.willtake

C.istaking5.Look!Theboys_______footballontheplayground.【2011廣西桂林】A.plays

B.play

C.areplaying

D.played6.Don'tmakesomuchnoise.Thechildren_______anEnglishlesson.【2011黑龍江綏化市】A.have

B.arehaving

C.werehaving7.TodayisWomen'sDay.MyfatherandI__aspecialgiftformymothernow.【2011?四川南充】A.make

B.made

C.aremaking8.—What’sthatnoise?—Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Theneighbors__foraparty.【2011四川資陽(yáng)】

A.prepare

B.arepreparing

C.willprepare

D.haveprepared9.----WhereisMichael?

----He____TVathome,Ithink.【2011廣西崇左】A.watches

B.watched

C.iswatching

D.waswatching

10.Listen!Thephone＿＿＿.Pleasegotoanswerit.【2011遼寧沈陽(yáng)】A.rings

B.isringing

C.rang

D.willring13.—Pleaseturnofftheradio,grandma___now.—OK,I'lldoitrightnow.【2011廣西梧州】A.issleeping

B.willsleep

C.slept

D.sleeps14.—Whatareyoudoing?

—I’m________TV.【2011湖南湘西】

A.watching

B.watches

C.watched15.Theworkers

_anewbridgenow.ThetrafficinGuangzhouwillbebettersoon.A.build

B.werebuilding

C.built

D.arebuilding16.Thepopulationoftheworld____still____

now.【2011?甘肅蘭州】

A.will;grow

B.has;grown

C.is;growing

D.is;grown12.–I’venotfinishedmyprojectyet.

–Hurryup!Ourfriends_____forus.【2011·江蘇南京】A.wait

B.arewaiting

C.willwait

D.havewaited13.It_____hardoutside.Youhavetostayathome.【2011四川德陽(yáng)】

A.rain

B.israining

C.rained14.Look!Jackandhismonkey______flyingdisktogetherinthegarden.【2011山東臨沂】

A.isplaying

B.wasplaying

C.areplaying

D.wereplaying15.—Alan,it’slate.Whynotgotobed?—Jennyhasn’tcomebackyet.I____forher.【2011廣東】A.waited

B.havewaited

C.amwaitingD.waswaiting16.—MayIspeaktoMrMorgan?

—Sorry.He

______onthefarm.【2011浙江紹興】A.works.

B.worked

C.isworking

D.hasworked

17.—PleaseturnofftheTV.

Thebaby_____.

—OK.I’llgooutforawalk.【2011·江蘇蘇州】A.sleeps

B.slept

C.issleeping

D.wassleeping18.---WhereisGrace?

---She__intheyard.【2011浙江溫州A.reads

B.read

C.isreading

D.wasreading19.Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Thechildren

anEnglishlesson.【2011黑龍江齊齊哈爾】A.have

B.arehaving

C.werehaving20.Listen!Someone_________forhelp!【2011?湖南株洲】

A.called

B.iscalling

C.hascalled21.Thegirl

withhergrandparentsforthemomentbecauseherparentsarebothverybusythismonth.【2011四川綿陽(yáng)】

A.lived

B.isliving

C.live

D.wasliving22.A:What’syourbrotherdoingnow?

B:Heis

akite.【2011重慶江津】A.fly

B.flying

C.flies

D.flew23.Listen,ourteachers______RedSongsinthenextroom.【2011湖南懷化】A.sang

B.aresinging

C.sings24.Mr.Smithworkswithamobilephonecompany,buthe_________forthisinternationalmeeting,sinceheisonholiday.【2011湖北十堰】A.works

B.isworking

C.hasworked

D.hadworked25.—WhereisyourEnglishteacher?I’mlookingforhimeverywhere.

—He_____theInternetinthecomputerroom.【2011江蘇泰州】A.willsearch

B.hassearched

C.searched

D.issearching25.【2011?河南省】18.—Icalledyouat4:00yesterdayafternoon,butnooneanswered.—Sorry,I_____withmyfriendsatthattime.A.swim

B.swam

C.willswim

D.wasswimming26.【2011湖南湘潭】19.Mr.Li_____usareportonourenvironmentwhentheearthquakehappenedinJapan.A.gave

B.isgiving

C.wasgiving27.【2011廣東深圳】20.—Mr.Lee_

toastudentwhenIenteredtheclassroomthismorning.-Heisverypatient_

_heisyoung.A.talking;but

B.talks;though

C.wastalking,though

D.talked,however二、填空填入以下單詞的正確形式。

1．Itwaswarm,soI_______(take)offmycoat.

2．Jane___________(wait)formewhenI______(arrive).

3．Suewasn’thungry,soshe_________(eat)anything.

4．MybrothercameintothebedroomwhileI????_________(dance).

5．_______he________(lie)onthegroundatnineyesterdayevening?

6．What_____Jim__________(write)whentheteachercamein?

7．MikeandI________(play)basketballatthattimeyesterdayafternoon.

8．Mybrother______(fall)whilehe_______(ride)hisbicycleandhurthimself.

9．IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She______(work)ataradioshopatthetime.

10.WhenIarrivedathisoffice,he______onthephone.(speak)

11.WewerehavingaPEclassatfouryesterdayafternoon.(改為否定句)

We_______________aPEclassatfouryesterdayafternoon.

12.Katewasreviewingherlessonsateightlastnight.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，做肯，否回答，對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

13.Heraninthepark.(用atthistimeyesterday改寫)_________________________________________________

14.Iwasreadinganovelatthreeyesterdayafternoon.(提問(wèn))___________________________________________________Unit61.can,may表示“允許、可以”。2.順序副詞：first,then,next,afterwards,finally.1.can的用法：（1）.表示能力、許可、可能性。表示能力時(shí)“能、會(huì)”，即有種能力，尤其是生來(lái)具備的能力，Shecanswimfast,butIcan’t.她能游得很快，但我不能。Icanseewithmyeyes.我用眼睛看。（2）.表示許可，常在口語(yǔ)中。如：Youcanusemydictionary.你可以用我的字典。（3）.表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”，常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，此時(shí)can’t譯為“不可能”。特別記住：肯定推測(cè)用mustCanthenewsbetrue?—No,itcan’tbeourteacher.HeisonavisittotheGreatWall.不可能。咱們老師正在游覽長(zhǎng)城呢?！狪thinkMissGaomustbeinthelibrary.Shesaidshewouldgothere.—No.She__bethere,Ihavejustbeenthere.2.could的用法：（1）.can的過(guò)去式，意為“能、會(huì)”，表示過(guò)去的能力。如：Hecouldwritepoemswhenhewas10.他十歲時(shí)就會(huì)寫詩(shī)。（2）.could在疑問(wèn)句中，表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣，此時(shí)could沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思。如:Couldyoudome你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？—CouldIuseyourpen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎?—Yes,youcan.可以。（注意回答）3.may的用法：（1）.表示請(qǐng)求、許可，比can正式，如：MayIborrowyourbike?我可以借你的自行車嗎？Youmaygohomenow.現(xiàn)在你可以回家了?！猒______IborrowyourMP3?—Sure.Hereyouare.A.MayB.ShouldC.MustD.Would(2).表示推測(cè)，談?wù)摽赡苄裕鉃椤翱赡?，或許”，一般用于肯定句中。Itmayraintomorrow.明天可能會(huì)下雨。(3).may的過(guò)去式為might，表示推測(cè)時(shí)?？赡苄缘陀趍ay。Heisawayfromschool.Hemightbesick.4.must的用法：(1).must表示主觀看法，意為“必須、一定”。YoumuststayhereuntilIcomeback.在我回來(lái)之前你必須呆在這兒。MustIhandinmyhomeworkrightnow?我必須現(xiàn)在交作業(yè)嗎？（2）對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答為must，否定回答或don’thaveto.或者need’t—MustIfinishmyhomework?我現(xiàn)在必須完成作業(yè)嗎No,you____________________________(4)must表示有把握的推測(cè)，用于肯定句。如:Thelightison,sohemustbeathomenow.燈亮著，他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。5.need的用法：（1）.need表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，，“沒(méi)有必要，不必”。用need提問(wèn)時(shí)，肯定回答don’thaveto。—NeedIstayhereanylonger?我還有必要留在這兒?jiǎn)?？—Yes,youmust.是的?！狽o.you/don’thaveto.(2).need還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，主動(dòng)詞組____________________被動(dòng)_______________Ineedtodoitrightnow.我需要馬上做這件事。Heneedstolearnmoreaboutthegirl.他需要多了解那個(gè)女孩。如果是物作主語(yǔ)，一般用needdoing與needtobedone這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)：①.主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義；②.該動(dòng)名詞可以改為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式而句子的意義不變。例如：.Thedoorneedspainting.=Thedoorneedstobepainted.那扇門需要油漆一下。Yourcarneedsmending.=Yourcarneedstoberepaired.你的車需要維修了。6.should的用法：（1）.should“應(yīng)該”，可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。如：Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。（2）Shouldhavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。如：Youshouldhavefinishedyourhomework.7.hadbetter的用法：hadbetter意為“最好”，沒(méi)有人稱的變化，后面接不帶to的不定式，其否定形式為：hadbetternot。如：Wehadbettergonow.我們最好現(xiàn)在就走。Youhadbetternotgivethebooktohim.你最好不要把這本書給他。8.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分Moreandmoretrees_____________inChina.在中國(guó)必須種植更多的樹木。Manyofthestars_____________becausetheyarefarawayfromus.很多星星我們都看不到，因?yàn)樗鼈冸x我們太遠(yuǎn)了。9:can和beableto:兩者表示能力時(shí)用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和過(guò)去式“could”兩種形式，在其他時(shí)態(tài)中要用beableto來(lái)表示。另外beableto常常指經(jīng)過(guò)努力，花費(fèi)了時(shí)間和勞力之后才能做到某事。Jimcan’tspeakEnglish.吉姆不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。HecouldspeakEnglishat5.他五歲時(shí)就會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。We’llbeabletoseehimnextweek.下星期我們將會(huì)見到他。Hehasbeenabletodrive.他已經(jīng)會(huì)開車了。10.易混點(diǎn)三:maybe和maybe也許你錯(cuò)了。__________________________________________.11.易混點(diǎn)五：must和haveto1.must側(cè)重于個(gè)人意志和主觀上的必要。haveto側(cè)重于客觀上的必要，可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。如：IknowImuststudyhard.我知道我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemid-night.我弟弟病得厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來(lái)。Ihaven’tgotanymoneywithme,soI’llhavetoborrowsomefrommyfriend.我身上沒(méi)帶錢，只好向朋友借點(diǎn)了。Hesaidtheymustworkhard.他說(shuō)他們必須努力工作。2.haveto可以用于多種時(shí)態(tài)；而must只用于一般現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。如：Thecompositionisduetohandinthismorning,soIhadtofinishitlastnight.作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。初中英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一．選擇題2012年全國(guó)各地中考英語(yǔ)真題分類匯編——情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.1.You________stopwhenthetrafficlightturnsred.A.can B.hadbetter C.need D.must2..Whenwintercomes,daysget ______.A.longandlong B.shortandshortC.longerandlonger D.shorterandshorter3..—Mum,mustIstaytherethewholeday?—No,you____________.You_________comebackafterlunch,ifyoulike.A.mustn't;canB.needn't;mustC.needn't;may4.“Whosenotebookisthis?”“It_______Jim’s.Ithashisnameonit.”A.can’tbeB.mustbeC.canbe5..There'senoughtimeforyoutogototheairport.You______hurrynow.A.should B.needn't C.must D.can't6. —Mum,mustIwashthedishesrightnow?—No,you____.A.shouldn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t7..—Isthatyourteacher?—That_____beMr.Wang.HehasgonetoJapanwithhiswife.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.maynot8.— Iswimhere?—I'msorry.Children swimalonehere.A.Must;can't B.May;must C.Can;mustn't D.Can't;can9..——Youcanhardlyswim，_____you?——_____．Butmymothersaysshe’llteachmeduringmysummerholiday．A．can’t；NoB．can；No C．can’t；Yes D．can；Yes10..—Isthatyourteacher?—That_____beMr.Wang.HehasgonetoJapanwithhiswife.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.maynot11.LisaisalittlepooratChinese.Ithinksheneeds_____iteveryday.A.practisetospeak B.topractisespeaking C.practisespeaking12.—IsthatgirlunderthetreeMary?—No,that______beMary.SheisinNewYork.A.can B.mustn’t C.can’t13..IsMariakockingatthedoor?It______beher.SheisinAustralianow.A.maynotB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.can't14.—Shallwetakeataxi?—No,we.It’snotfarfromhere. A.can’t B.mustn’t C,shouldn’t D.needn’t15..－You_____behappywiththestrongpublicsupportyou"vereceived.－Yes,you"reright.I"mreallyexcited.A.mayB.canC.mustD.need16.Tom,you_______playwiththeknife．You______hurtyourself．BA.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;should17―Jim,canyou_______thiswordinChinese?B―Yes,Ican_______alittleChinese.A.speak;sayB.say;speakC.tell;speakD.talk;say18.—Mybrotherwonthefirstprizeinspeechcompetition.—Congratulations!Youbeexcitedaboutthat!A.needB.mustC.wouldD.can19..Incompetition,asinlife,you_______notalwayswin.A.mayB.shallC.must20..—Mustwewearourschooluniformthisafternoon?—No,you.Allofuswillgoonanouting.A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.couldn’t21.—MengFeihadhisarmbrokenwhilerecordingIfYouAretheOneinBeijing.—Really?ThenperhapshehostTVprogramsforsometime.A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.can’t22.-----Haveyoudecidedwhichseniorhighschooltochoose?------Notyet.IgotoMoonlightA.mustB.mayC.needD.should23..—Ihearyou’vegotanewiPhone4S.______Ihavealook?—Yes,certainly.A.May B.Do C.Shall D.Should24..Theladyinthisphotobeoverfifty!Shelookssoyoung!A.mustn’t B.must C.can’t D.can25..—MustIdomyhomeworknow,Mum?—.Youcandoittomorrow.A.No,youneedn’tB.No,youmustn’tC.Yes,youneedD.Yes,youmust26..—Dad,mustIpracticethepianotoday?—No,you.Youmaydoittomorrow.A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.can’t27..—Excuseme,whenarewegoingtohaveapicnic?—I’mnotsure,Askourmonitor,please.Heknow.A.need B.can C.may D.shall28..–I’mafraidIneedapairofglasses.I____hardlyseethewordso