北京市門頭溝區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末調(diào)研英語試卷 附解析

門頭溝區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末調(diào)研高三英語考生須知1．本試卷共10頁，共100分，考試時(shí)長90分鐘。2．請將條形碼粘貼在答題卡相應(yīng)位置處。3．試卷所有答案必須填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。請使用2B鉛筆填涂，用黑色字跡簽字筆或鋼筆作答。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。JakeandMaxKleinaretwinbrotherswhohaveapassionforvolunteering.Theirfamilyhavealwaysdonecommunity____1____.Ataveryyoungage,theybothchoseto____2____family’sgiftsattheirbirthdayparties,butaskedthemtodonatemoneytoacharity.Whentheywereseven,JakeandMaxwereinterestedinvolunteeringwithafamilyfriendatthelocalhomelesssheltertohelpcook.____3____,heturnedthemdownbecausetheyweretooyoungandtheyhadtobefourteentocook.Thisledthemonanendless____4____tocomeupwithawaytohelpotherkidswhowerealsofacingasimilarchallenge:wantingtohelpbut____5____becauseoftheirage.So,KidsThatDoGoodwas____6____toshowwaystokidsoradults,atanyage,theycouldjointhecommunityandmakea____7____.Thesmallprojecthasgrownintoalargewebsitethatbringsthousandsof____8____visitorseachyear.JakeandMaxsaythattheirwebsitebrings35,000uniqueviewers,ofwhom,KidsThatDoGoodhas____9____kidsto16,000organizations.JakeandMaxare_____10_____withschoolandafter-classactivitiesandothercommunityservicepromises.KidsThatDoGoodalsohasblogpoststhatadvisekidsonbuildingtheirowncharitableevent.1A.surveys B.services C.duties D.businesses2.A.sortout B.playwith C.giveup D.putaway3.A.Unfortunately B.Happily C.Honestly D.Gratefully4.A.task B.ability C.chance D.determination5.A.joked B.blamed C.denied D.praised6.A.advised B.allowed C.named D.created7.A.judgment B.difference C.comment D.decision8.A.pleased B.satisfied C.amazed D.interested9.A.connected B.exposed C.contributed D.attracted10.A.familiar B.patient C.busy D.content【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.A5.C6.D7.B8.D9.A10.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了雙胞胎兄弟一直致力于做慈善，因?yàn)橐淮尉芙^自己開創(chuàng)了慈善活動(dòng)組織，且辦的特別成功。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們家一直做社區(qū)服務(wù)。A.surveys調(diào)查；B.services服務(wù)；C.duties責(zé)任；D.businesses生意。根據(jù)“JakeandMaxKleinaretwinbrotherswhohaveapassionforvolunteering”及下文語境可知，他們一家一直做社區(qū)服務(wù)。故選B。【2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：小時(shí)候，他們選擇在生日聚會(huì)上放棄家人的禮物，但要求他們把錢捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。A.sortout分類；B.playwith玩耍；C.giveup放棄；D.putaway放好。根據(jù)下文“butaskedthemtodonatemoneytoacharity.”可知，他們放棄禮物，把錢捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。故選C。【3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，他拒絕了他們，因?yàn)樗麄兲×?，而且他們必?4歲才能做飯。A.Unfortunately不幸地；B.Happily開心地；C.Honestly誠實(shí)地；D.Gratefully感激地。根據(jù)下文“heturnedthemdownbecausetheyweretooyoungandtheyhadtobefourteentocook.”可知，他們自愿去幫忙做飯，被拒絕，自然是不幸的事情。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這給他們帶來了一項(xiàng)無盡的任務(wù)，要想出一個(gè)辦法來幫助其他也面臨類似挑戰(zhàn)的孩子：想要幫助但因?yàn)槟挲g而被拒絕的孩子。A.task任務(wù)；B.ability能力；C.chance機(jī)會(huì)；D.determination決心。根據(jù)上文“heturnedthemdownbecausetheyweretooyoung”可知，他們因?yàn)槟挲g小被拒絕了，結(jié)合下文“So,KidsThatDoGoodwas____6____toshowwaystokidsoradults,atanyage,theycouldjointhecommunity”他們自己創(chuàng)辦了組織可知，此處是指這導(dǎo)致他們做任務(wù)，想出解決辦法。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這給他們帶來了一項(xiàng)無盡的任務(wù)，想出一個(gè)辦法來幫助其他也面臨類似挑戰(zhàn)的孩子：想要幫助但因?yàn)槟挲g而被拒絕。A.joked開玩笑；B.blamed責(zé)備；C.denied拒絕；D.praised表揚(yáng)。根據(jù)上文“heturnedthemdownbecausetheyweretooyoung”可知，此處是指他們想要幫助但是因?yàn)槟挲g被拒絕的孩子。故選C。【6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，“做好事的孩子們”被創(chuàng)造出來，是為了向孩子們或成年人展示各種方式，在任何年齡，他們都可以加入社區(qū)，產(chǎn)生影響?！盇.advised建議；B.allowed允許；C.named命名；D.created創(chuàng)造。KidsThatDoGood是他們創(chuàng)辦的組織的名字。根據(jù)下文“toshowwaystokidsoradults”可推斷，這個(gè)組織被創(chuàng)建出來給孩子或者成年人展示幫助他人的方式。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，“做好事的孩子們”被創(chuàng)造出來，是為了“向孩子們或成年人展示各種方式，在任何年齡，他們都可以加入社區(qū)，產(chǎn)生影響。A.judgment判斷；B.difference不同；C.comment評論；D.decision決定。根據(jù)下文“KidsThatDoGoodalsohasblogpoststhatadvisekidsonbuildingtheirowncharitableevent.”可知，“KidsThatDoGood”是提供方式讓孩子們和成年人幫助他人的組織，因此推斷是“做出影響”的組織。makeadifference“有影響，創(chuàng)造不同”，故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)小項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個(gè)大型網(wǎng)站，每年吸引成千上萬的有興趣的訪問者。A.pleased高興的；B.satisfied滿足的；C.amazed驚奇的；D.interested感興趣的。根據(jù)上文的“bring”和下文的“visitors”可知，吸引的訪問者自然是對此感興趣的人。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Jake和Max說他們的網(wǎng)站有35000個(gè)獨(dú)特的瀏覽者，在這些瀏覽者中，“做好事的孩子們”已經(jīng)把孩子們和16000個(gè)組織聯(lián)系起來了。A.connected連接；B.exposed暴露；C.contributed貢獻(xiàn)；D.attracted吸引。根據(jù)上文“toshowwaystokidsoradults,atanyage,theycouldjointhecommunity”根據(jù)下文“kidsto16,000organizations.”可知，此處是指把孩子們和組織聯(lián)系起來。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：杰克和馬克斯忙于學(xué)校、課外活動(dòng)和其他社區(qū)服務(wù)承諾。A.familiar熟悉的；B.patient有耐心的；C.busy繁忙的；D.content滿足的。根據(jù)“schoolandafter-classactivitiesandothercommunityservicepromises”可知，杰克和馬克斯忙于學(xué)校、課外活動(dòng)和其他社區(qū)服務(wù)承諾，bebusywith忙于某事。故選C。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheprotectionoftheYellowRiverisoneofthetopconcernsforChineseleadership.Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesegovernment____11____(strengthen)theprotectionofwetlandsalongtheYellowRiver,____12____(make)variouswildbirdsgatherinthisarea.Therisingnumberofwildbirdshasbroughtabenefitforbirdwatchers,whoareverythankfulfor____13____thegovernmenthasdoneforthepeople.FurthereffortswillbemadetobringmorebeautifulenvironmenttotheYellowRiver.【答案】11.hasstrengthened12.making13.what【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了中國政府加強(qiáng)保護(hù)黃河沿岸濕地，取得了成果并得到了認(rèn)可?！?1題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在過去的20年里，中國政府加強(qiáng)了對黃河沿岸濕地的保護(hù)，使各種野生鳥類聚集在這一地區(qū)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Inthepasttwodecades可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語theChinesegovernment是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用hasstrengthened。故填hasstrengthened?！?2題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在過去的20年里，中國政府加強(qiáng)了對黃河沿岸濕地的保護(hù)，使各種野生鳥類聚集在這一地區(qū)。分析句子，空處作非謂語動(dòng)詞，中國政府加強(qiáng)對黃河沿岸濕地的保護(hù)，自然產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是使得各種野生鳥類聚集在這一地區(qū)，所以空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示自然而然的結(jié)果。故填making?！?3題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：野生鳥類數(shù)量的增加給觀鳥者帶來了好處，他們非常感謝政府為人民所做的一切。分析句子，空處引導(dǎo)從句作介詞for的賓語，連接詞在賓語從句中作賓語，表示“什么”，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)從句。故填what。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。OneeveningIwasgoingbackfromasupermarket.AsIapproachedmycar,Inoticedoneperson____14____seemedabum(流浪漢)standingbesideme.Iexpectedthathewouldaskme____15____somemoney,soIaskedhimifheneededhelpandhisresponsewas“Don’tweall?”Ihaveneverheardwords____16____(astonishing)thanthose.AlthoughIhadmoneyandaplace____17____(sleep)in,IrecognizedthatIneededhelptoo.Itwasatruediscoverytome.【答案】14.who##that15.for16.moreastonishing17.tosleep【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過與一位流浪漢的交流，意識(shí)到了一個(gè)真理：無論我們多么富有，我們都需要幫助?！?4題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：當(dāng)我走近我的車時(shí)，我注意到一個(gè)人似乎是個(gè)流浪漢站在我身邊。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此句為限定性定語從句，先行詞oneperson在從句作主語，指人，用關(guān)系代詞who/that。故填who或that?！?5題詳解】考查介詞。句意：我原以為他會(huì)向我要錢，所以我問他是否需要幫助，他的回答是：“難道我們都不需要嗎？”asksb.forsth.詢問某人某事，介詞for作賓語補(bǔ)足語，固定搭配。故填for?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：我從未聽過比這些更令人驚訝的話。根據(jù)句中than可知，此處用形容詞比較級(jí)，表示“更令人驚訝的”，作表語。故填moreastonishing。【17題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：雖然我有錢，有睡覺的地方，但我意識(shí)到我也需要幫助。此處修飾名詞place，常用不定式，作后置定語。故填tosleep。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Chinaplanstocompletetheconstructionofaspacestationandhaveitputintooperationaround2022,saidZhouJianping,thechiefdesignerofChina’smannedspaceprogram,ataforum(論壇)____18____(hold)inGuangdongProvince.Thespacestation____19____(design)toweigh100tonnesandaccommodatethreeastronauts.ThemaingoaloftheconstructionofthespacestationistoenableChinatocarryoutlong-termmannedscientific____20____(experiment)innear-Earthspace.ThespacestationwillbebuiltasChina’smainplatformforspacescienceresearch.【答案】18.held19.wasdesigned20.experiments【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了中國的空間站的相關(guān)信息?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：中國載人航天工程總設(shè)計(jì)師周建平在廣東省舉行的一次論壇上說，中國計(jì)劃在2022年左右完成空間站的建設(shè)并投入運(yùn)行。分析句子，空處作非謂語動(dòng)詞，hold與邏輯主語aforum之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式作定語。故填held。【19題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：空間站的設(shè)計(jì)重量為100噸，可容納三名宇航員。分析句子，空處作謂語動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合語意，“設(shè)計(jì)”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，design與主語Thespacestation之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語Thespacestation是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用was。故填wasdesigned?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：空間站建設(shè)的主要目標(biāo)是使中國能夠在近地進(jìn)行長期載人科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)?？仗幈硎痉褐?，應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，experiment表示“實(shí)驗(yàn)”，是可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式為experiments。故填experiments。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ASeetheGreatSmokyMountainsinanamazinganduniqueway—fromtheaironascenichelicoptertour!PassengerswillgettoflyovertheGreatSmokyMountainsforabirdseyeviewofthetopsightsinthearea.ThesetoursofferbreathtakingviewsofyourfavoriteGatlinburglandmarkssobesuretopursueone!LakeViewTourAvailableNowuntil12/21ExploreDouglasLakeaswellastheGreatSmokyMountainsonthis12milejourneythroughtheskies.VisitorswillbetreatedtogloriousviewsoftheFrenchBroadRiverandDouglasLake.OtherhighlightsonthistourincludeSmokiesfarmlandandDouglasDam,aWorldWarIIeradam.Theexperiencelastsapproximately6minutes.MountainValleyTourAvailableNowuntil12/24This24miletour,istheperfectadditiontoyoursightseeingadventuresintheSmokies.Duringthisflight,you’llseethegorgeousTennesseeValley,theGreatSmokyMountainNationalPark,andBluffandSugarloafMountains.Thisisthebestflighttochooseifyouwanttogetamazingmountainviews.Theentireexperiencelastsapproximately12minutes.NationalParkTourAvailableNowuntil12/28This50mileNationalParkTourwhichlastsapproximately25minutesisanamazingadventurethroughtheGreatSmokyMountainsandsurroundingareas.Asfornaturalwonders,thetourissuretoimpressandisamust-have!GatlinburgTourAvailableNowuntil12/30Gatlinburg,TNisoneofthemostgorgeouscitiesintheSmokyMountainarea.Taketotheskiestogetthebestviewsofthebeautifulcity,Gatlinburg.Thetourlastsfor40milesandapproximately18minutes.21.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.TointroducetheGreatSmokyMountains’amazingviews.B.ToexplainwhatyoucanseeinHelicopterTours.C.ToadvertiseGreatSmokyMountainsHelicopterTours.D.Torecommendsomegoodtraveldestinations.22.Ifyoushowspecialpreferencetocityviews,whichtourshouldyouchoose?A.LakeViewTour. B.MountainValleyTour.C.NationalParkTour. D.GatlinburgTour.23.Whatcanweinferaboutthetoursfromthetext?A.Theyareunforgettableforthetourists. B.Theylastapproximatelyequaltime.C.TheycanbetakenonanydayinDecember. D.Theycostmorethancommonones.【答案】21.C22.D23.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則旅游廣告，介紹了參觀GreatSmokyMountains的四個(gè)路線的情況?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“SeetheGreatSmokyMountainsinanamazinganduniqueway—fromtheaironascenichelicoptertour!PassengerswillgettoflyovertheGreatSmokyMountainsforabirdseyeviewofthetopsightsinthearea.ThesetoursofferbreathtakingviewsofyourfavoriteGatlinburglandmarkssobesuretopursueone!(以一種奇妙而獨(dú)特的方式觀賞GreatSmokyMountains——從空中乘坐觀光直升機(jī)！乘客將飛越GreatSmokyMountains，鳥瞰該地區(qū)的頂級(jí)景觀。這些旅程提供了你最喜歡的加特林堡地標(biāo)的驚人的景色，所以一定要去一個(gè)！)”結(jié)合文章是一則旅游廣告，介紹了參觀GreatSmokyMountains的四個(gè)路線的情況?？赏浦?，這篇文章的目的是為GreatSmokyMountains直升機(jī)旅游做廣告。故選C?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Gatlinburg,TNisoneofthemostgorgeouscitiesintheSmokyMountainarea.Taketotheskiestogetthebestviewsofthebeautifulcity,Gatlinburg.(TNGatlinburg是SmokyMountain最美麗城市之一。飛上天空，欣賞美麗的Gatlinburg)”可知，如果你特別喜歡看城市風(fēng)景，你應(yīng)該選擇GatlinburgTour。故選D。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)LakeViewTour部分中“VisitorswillbetreatedtogloriousviewsoftheFrenchBroadRiverandDouglasLake.OtherhighlightsonthistourincludeSmokiesfarmlandandDouglasDam,aWorldWarIIeradam.(游客可以欣賞到法國寬闊的河流和道格拉斯湖的壯麗景色。這次旅行的其他亮點(diǎn)還包括Smokies農(nóng)田和道格拉斯大壩，一個(gè)二戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的大壩)”；MountainValleyTour部分中“Thisisthebestflighttochooseifyouwanttogetamazingmountainviews.(如果你想欣賞令人驚嘆的山景，這是最好的選擇)”以及NationalParkTour部分中“Asfornaturalwonders,thetourissuretoimpressandisamust-have!(至于自然奇觀，一定會(huì)給人留下深刻印象，是必游之選！)”可推知，旅行會(huì)讓游客難忘。故選A。BSophiebecamefriendswiththegraysquirrelsduringherfirstweekatPennState,afterspottingthemrunningaroundandwonderingwhattheywouldlooklikewithtinyhatsontheirheads.Today,everyoneattheuniversityknowsherasthe“SquirrelGirl”.Sophietriedbringingthemfood,andgraduallytheybegantotrusther.Shemanagedtoputahatonasquirrelandtakeapicture.Thinkingthathercolleaguescoulddosomethingtolifttheirspirits,shestartedpostingsimilarphotosonFacebook.Theresponsewasgreatlypositive,andbeforelongSophieandhersquirrelsbecameanInternetsensation(轟動(dòng)).GrowingupinaneighborhoodoutsideofStateCollege,Sophiewasalwaysfondofbirdsandanimalsaroundherhome,butshedidn’tinteractwithpeopleverymuch.Shewaslaterdiagnosed(診斷)withAsperger'ssyndrome,butthesquirrelschangedthat.“Thesquirrelshelpmebreaktheice,becauseI’llbesittingherepattingasquirrelandotherpeoplewillcomeoverandwelljuststartlikefeedingthesquirrelstogetherandchattingaboutthem,”shesaid,“Iamalotmoreoutgoing.”Andincaseyou’rewonderinghowSophieisabletogetthesquirrelstodowhatshewantsforherphotos,ithasalottodowithfood.Forexample,whenevershewantsthemtoholdorplaywithsomething,sheputspeanutbutterontheprop(道具),andthey’llgrabit.Inthebeginning,shewouldthrowpeanutsupthetreesoncampusandinvitethesquirrelstocomedownandgetthem,buttheyhesitatedtoapproachher.Shehadthepatiencetoearntheirtrust,though.ThisyearSophieisgraduatingwithadegreeinEnglishandwildlifesciences.Shewantstobeasciencewriterandeducatepeopleonhowtopreservetheenvironment.Asforherfurryfriends,Sophieplanstostayintheareaandvisitthemasoftenasshecan.24.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Sophiewasfonderofsquirrelsthananyotheranimals.B.Sophieisknownasthe“SquirrelGirl”inthecommunity.C.SophieandsquirrelsreceivedgreatattentionontheInternet.D.Sophiewishestoeducatepeopleonhowtoprotecttheanimals.25.WhatcanwelearnaboutSophieaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Shewasmoreoutgoingthanbefore.B.Shegotlotsoffriendsduetosquirrels.C.Shelivedinthefarcountrysidewhenyoung.D.Sheusedtobeapopulargirlinherchildhood.26.HowdidSophiemanagetotakephotosofsquirrelswearinghats?A.Bydressinglikesquirrels. B.Byputtingthemincages.C.Byplayingmusictothem. D.Byattractingthemwithfood.27.WhatdoyouthinkofSophie?A.Patientandcaring. B.Tolerantandstrong.C.Sociableandhealthy. D.Traditionalandhard-working.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了蘇菲和灰松鼠成了朋友，通過和松鼠的交流改變了自己的性格完成了學(xué)業(yè)的故事?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theresponsewasgreatlypositive,andbeforelongSophieandhersquirrelsbecameanInternetsensation(轟動(dòng)).”（反應(yīng)非常積極，不久蘇菲和她的松鼠就在網(wǎng)上引起了轟動(dòng)。）可知，蘇菲和松鼠在網(wǎng)上受到了極大的關(guān)注。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““Thesquirrelshelpmebreaktheice,becauseI’llbesittingherepattingasquirrelandotherpeoplewillcomeoverandwelljuststartlikefeedingthesquirrelstogetherandchattingaboutthem,”shesaid,“Iamalotmoreoutgoing.””（“松鼠幫我打破僵局，因?yàn)槲視?huì)坐在這里拍松鼠，其他人會(huì)過來，我們就開始一起喂松鼠，聊它們，”她說，“我更外向了?！保┛芍K菲比以前更外向了。故選A項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Andincaseyou’rewonderinghowSophieisabletogetthesquirrelstodowhatshewantsforherphotos,ithasalottodowithfood.Forexample,whenevershewantsthemtoholdorplaywithsomething,sheputspeanutbutterontheprop(道具),andthey’llgrabit.”（如果你想知道蘇菲是如何讓松鼠為她的照片做她想做的事情的，這與食物有很大關(guān)系。例如，每當(dāng)她想讓它們拿東西或玩東西時(shí)，她會(huì)把花生醬放在道具上，它們會(huì)抓住它。）可知，蘇菲是通過食物吸引松鼠，給松鼠戴上帽子拍照的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Inthebeginning,shewouldthrowpeanutsupthetreesoncampusandinvitethesquirrelstocomedownandgetthem,buttheyhesitatedtoapproachher.Shehadthepatiencetoearntheirtrust,though.”（一開始，她會(huì)把花生扔到校園的樹上，并邀請松鼠下來拿，但松鼠不愿接近她。不過，她有耐心贏得它們的信任。）以及最后一段“Asforherfurryfriends,Sophieplanstostayintheareaandvisitthemasoftenasshecan.”（至于她的毛茸茸的朋友們，蘇菲計(jì)劃留在這個(gè)地區(qū)，盡可能多地拜訪它們。）可知，蘇菲有耐心贏得松鼠的信任，并且會(huì)盡可能關(guān)心動(dòng)物們，所以蘇菲是有耐心的和愛心的。故選A項(xiàng)。CHaveyoueverfoundyourselfinthissituation:Youhearasongyouusedtosingwhenyouwereachild—abitofnostalgia(懷舊)or“blastfromthepast,”aswesay.Butitisnotadistantchildhoodmemory.Thewordscomebacktoyouasclearlyaswhenyousangthemallthoseyearsago.ResearchersattheUniversityofEdinburghstudiedtherelationshipbetweenmusicandrememberingaforeignlanguage.Theyfoundthatrememberingwordsinasongwasthebestwaytorememberevenoneofthemostdifficultlanguages.Hereiswhattheydid.Researcherstook60adultsandrandomlydividedthemintothreegroupsof20.Thentheygavethegroupsthreedifferenttypesof“l(fā)isten-and-repeat”learningconditions.Researchershadonegroupsimplyspeakthewords.Theyhadthesecondgroupspeakthewordstoarhythm,orbeat.Andtheyaskedthethirdgrouptosingthewords.AllthreegroupsstudiedwordsfromtheHungarianlanguagefor15minutes.Thentheytookpartinaseriesoflanguageteststoseewhattheyremembered.WhyHungarian,youask?ResearcherssaidtheychoseHungarianbecausenotmanypeopleknowthelanguage.ItdoesnotshareanyrootswithGermanicorRomancelanguages,suchasItalianorSpanish.Afterthetestswereover,thesingerscameoutontop.ThepeoplewholearnedthesenewHungarianwordsbysingingthemshowedahigheroverallperformance.Theydidthebestinfouroutoffiveofthetests.Theyalsoperformedtwotimesbetterthanthosewhosimplylearnedthewordsbyspeakingthem.Dr.KatieOverysayssingingcouldleadtonewwaystolearnaforeignlanguage.Thebrainlikestorememberthingswhentheyarecontainedinacatchyormemorabletune.Dr.Ludkesaidthefindingscouldhelpthosewhostruggletolearnforeignlanguages.OnthewebsiteofUniversityofEdinburghDr.Ludkewrites,“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.”28.The“song”mentionedinthefirstparagraphisintendedto________.A.recallthepast B.attractthereadersC.introducethetopic D.comparethechildhoodwiththepresent29.Basedonthelasttwoparagraphs,wecanconcludethat________.A.singingisthebestwaytolearnalanguageB.Dr.KatieOveryandDr.LudkedisagreewitheachotherC.alisten-repeatmethodisveryeffectiveforanylanguagelearnerD.thebrainprobablyworksbestwhentheforeignlanguagelearnerssingthewords30.Inwhichsituationcanthefindingoftheresearchbeapplied?A.AnAmericanisgoingtolearnsomeChinese.B.Achildisgoingtohavehisfirstmusiclesson.C.AstudentisgoingtolearnanewEnglishsong.D.Amotherisgoingtoteachherbabyhowtospeak.【答案】28.C29.D30.A【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于唱歌和外語習(xí)得之間關(guān)系的研究，研究表明：唱歌可能帶來學(xué)習(xí)外語的新方法，“聽并且重復(fù)”的唱歌方法有助于外語學(xué)習(xí)。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段“Haveyoueverfoundyourselfinthissituation:Youhearasongyouusedtosingwhenyouwereachild—abitofnostalgia(懷舊)or“blastfromthepast”,aswesay.Butitisnotadistantchildhoodmemory.Thewordscomebacktoyouasclearlyaswhenyousangthemallthoseyearsago.(你有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于這樣的境地：你聽到一首你小時(shí)候經(jīng)常唱的歌——一點(diǎn)懷舊或者我們所說的“來自過去的爆炸”。但這不是遙遠(yuǎn)的童年記憶。這些歌詞回到你的腦海里，就像你多年前唱的那樣清晰)”和第二段“ResearchersattheUniversityofEdinburghstudiedtherelationshipbetweenmusicandrememberingaforeignlanguage.Theyfoundthatrememberingwordsinasongwasthebestwaytorememberevenoneofthemostdifficultlanguages.(愛丁堡大學(xué)的研究者們研究了音樂和記憶外語之間的關(guān)系。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)記住歌曲中的單詞是記住最難的語言的最好方法)”可知，第一段開頭通過舉例“歌曲”導(dǎo)入話題，人們都清楚地記得兒時(shí)唱歌的歌詞，第二段講了音樂和記憶外語之間的關(guān)系，可得出第一段所說的“歌曲”是為了導(dǎo)入主題。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“singingcouldleadtonewwaystolearnaforeignlanguage.Thebrainlikestorememberthingswhentheyarecontainedinacatchyormemorabletune.(唱歌可能帶來學(xué)習(xí)外語的新方法。大腦喜歡記住瑯瑯上口或令人難忘的旋律)”和最后一段中“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.(這項(xiàng)研究提供了第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)，證明了“聽并且重復(fù)的唱歌方法”可以支持外語學(xué)習(xí)，并為該領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)一步研究打開了大門)”可推斷，大腦喜歡記住瑯瑯上口或令人難忘的旋律，即當(dāng)外語學(xué)習(xí)者用“聽并且重復(fù)的唱歌方法”唱單詞時(shí)，大腦可能工作最好，故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.(這項(xiàng)研究提供了第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)，即聽并且重復(fù)的唱歌方法可以支持外語學(xué)習(xí)，并為將來在這方面的研究打開大門)”可推斷，此項(xiàng)研究對于外語學(xué)習(xí)者非常有用，一個(gè)美國人要學(xué)漢語可以采用此方法。故選A項(xiàng)。DAUSgovernmentstudyhasfoundthatfacialrecognitiontechnologyisgettingbetteratidentifyingpeoplewearingmasks.ThestudyispartofanongoingresearchbytheUSNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST).Theagencyhasexaminedtheeffectivenessofmorethan150facialrecognitionsystemsonpeoplewearingfacecoverings.Thesystemsarepoweredbymachinelearningalgorithms(算法).ThefirstresultsofthestudywereannouncedinJuly,ashealthofficialsacrosstheworldurgedpeopletowearmaskstolimitthespreadofCOVID-19.Newfindingswerereleasedthisweek.Policeagencieshavelongusedfacialrecognitiontechnologytosearchforandhelpcatchcriminals.Itcanalsobeusedtounlockphonesorotherelectronicdevices.Somerobotsusefacialrecognitiontechnologytorecognizethepeopletheyarecommunicatingwith.However,thewideuseofmasksinpublichascreatedmajordifficultiesforsuchsystems.Thestudylookedatfacialrecognitionsystemsalreadyinusebeforethepandemic.Italsolookedatsystemsspeciallydevelopedtoworkonmaskedfaces.TheNISTsaiditprocessedatotalof6.2millionimagesfortheexperimentPeopleintheimageswerenotactuallywearingmasks.So,theresearchersdigitallyaddeddifferentmaskshapestofacesinthepicturesforuseinthestudy.Insomecases,upto70percentofaperson’sfacewascoveredintheimages.Overall,theresearchshowsthetop-performingfacialrecognitionsystemsfailtocorrectlyidentifyunmaskedindividualsabout0.3percentofthetimeandthefailureraterosetoabout5percentwithmaskedimages.Manyofthelowerperformingalgorithms,however,hadmuchhighererrorrateswithmaskedimages—ashighas20to50percent.Inthelatestfindings,researchersincludedresultsfrom65newfacialrecognitionsystemsthathavebeendevelopedsincethestartofthepandemic.“Someofthesesystemsperformed“significantlybetter”thantheearlierones，”MeiNgan,aleadresearcherontheproject,saidinastatement.Thestudyalsofoundround-shapedmasks—whichcoveronlythemouthandnose—ledtofewererrorsthanwideronesthatstretchacrossthecheeks.Thenewstudyalsoranteststoseewhetherdifferentcoloredmaskswouldaffecterrorrates.Theteamusedred,white,blackandlightblue.Theresearchfindingssuggestedthatgenerally,theredandblackmasksledtohigherfailureratesthantheothercolors.31.Howdoestheauthormainlypresentthestudyfinding?A.Bygivingdefinitionsandexamples.B.Bygivingexamplesandabriefdescription.C.Bypresentingdataandmakingacomparison.D.Bygivingdefinitionsandpresentingdata.32.Accordingtothestudy,whathasaffectedtheeffectivenessoffacialrecognition?A.Thespeedofthemachinelearningalgorithms.B.Theoperators’skillinperformingalgorithms.C.Thenumberofthetestedpeople.D.Thediversityoffacecoverings.33.Whoisthemostdifficulttorecognize?A.Agirlwearingawhiteround-shapedmask.B.Aladywitharedmaskstretchingacrosshercheeks.C.Amanwearingalightbluemaskcoveringhismouthandnose.D.Amanwearingablackmaskwithhisnoseandmouthcoveredup.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefacialrecognitionsystems?A.Objective B.NegativeC.Uncaring. D.Doubtful.【答案】31.C32.D33.B34.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。美國政府一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，面部識(shí)別技術(shù)在識(shí)別戴口罩的人方面正變得越來越好?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Overall,theresearchshowsthetop-performingfacialrecognitionsystemsfailtocorrectlyidentifyunmaskedindividualsabout0.3percentofthetimeandthefailureraterosetoabout5percentwithmaskedimages.Manyofthelowerperformingalgorithms,however,hadmuchhighererrorrateswithmaskedimages—ashighas20to50percent.”（總的來說，研究表明，表現(xiàn)最好的面部識(shí)別系統(tǒng)不能正確地識(shí)別出大約0.3%個(gè)未被蒙面的人。而在使用蒙面圖像的情況下，失敗率上升到5%左右。然而，許多表現(xiàn)較差的算法，對蒙面圖像的錯(cuò)誤率要高得多——高達(dá)20%到50%。）可知，作者主要通過提供數(shù)據(jù)和對比的方式來呈現(xiàn)研究結(jié)果。故選C?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第三句“Thenewstudyalsoranteststoseewhetherdifferentcoloredmaskswouldaffecterrorrates.”（這項(xiàng)新研究還進(jìn)行了測試，看不同顏色的口罩是否會(huì)影響錯(cuò)誤率。）和倒數(shù)第四句“Thestudyalsofoundround-shapedmasks—whichcoveronlythemouthandnose—ledtofewererrorsthanwideronesthatstretchacrossthecheeks.”（研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，圓形口罩(只覆蓋嘴和鼻子)比寬口罩(覆蓋臉頰)產(chǎn)生的錯(cuò)誤要少。）可知，口罩的多樣性影響面部識(shí)別的有效性。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Theresearchfindingssuggestedthatgenerally,theredandblackmasksledtohigherfailureratesthantheothercolors.”（研究結(jié)果表明，一般來說，紅色和黑色面具比其他顏色的面具失敗率更高。）和倒數(shù)第四句“Thestudyalsofoundround-shapedmasks—whichcoveronlythemouthandnose—ledtofewererrorsthanwideronesthatstretchacrossthecheeks.”（研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，圓形口罩(只覆蓋嘴和鼻子)比寬口罩(覆蓋臉頰)產(chǎn)生的錯(cuò)誤要少。）可知，一位戴著紅色寬口罩的女士會(huì)最難識(shí)別。故選B。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。全文只是介紹了對人臉識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的研究，并沒有表達(dá)作者的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，所以作者對人臉識(shí)別系統(tǒng)持客觀態(tài)度。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Perhapsyou’veheardtheoldsaying“curiositykilledthecat.”It’saphrasethat’softenusedtowarnpeople—especiallychildren—nottoasktoomanyquestions.___35___Infact,researchhasshownthatcuriosityisjustasimportantasintelligenceindetermininghowwellstudentsdoinschool.Curiositycanalsoleadustomakeunexpecteddiscoveries,bringexcitementintoourlives,andopenupnewpossibilities.___36___Forexample,onedayin1831,MichaelFaradaywasplayingaroundwithacoil(線圈)andamagnet(磁鐵)whenhesuddenlysawhowhecouldproduceanelectricalcurrent.Atfirst,itwasn’tclearwhatusethiswouldhave,butitactuallymadeelectricityavailableforuseintechnology,andsochangedtheworld.___37___Ononelevel,thisisbecausetechnologyhasbecomesoadvancedthatmanyofusareunabletothinktoodeeplyabouthowexactlythingsworkanymore.Whileitmaybepossibleforacuriousteenagertotakeatoasterapartandgetsomesenseofhowitworks,howmuchdoyouunderstandaboutwhathappenswhenyoutypeawebsiteaddressintoabrowser?Wheredoesyourgraspoftechnologyendandthemagicbeginforyou?Inadditiontothis,there’sthefactthatweallnowconnectsodeeplywithtechnology,particularlywithourphones.Themorewestareatourscreens,thelesswetalktootherpeopledirectly.___38___Thenwefeelweknowenoughaboutapersonnottoneedtoengagefurtherwiththem.Thefinal—andperhapsmostworrying—wayinwhichtechnologystopsusfromaskingmorehastodowithalgorithms,theprocessesfollowedbycomputers.Asweincreasinglygetournewsviasocialmedia,algorithmsfindoutwhatwelikeandpushmoreofthesamebacktous.___39___Perhapstherealkeytodevelopingcuriosityinthe21stcentury,then,istorelylessonthetechtoolsofourage.A.Itisstillnotknownwhylearninggivesussuchpleasure.B.Wearealwaysencouragedtochallengeourpre-existingbeliefs.C.Yetit’sw