2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars單元同步復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案新人教版必修3

必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars一輪復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案基礎(chǔ)學(xué)問梳理【三星詞匯】一星閱讀詞匯(寫出下列單詞的詞性和意義)astronomy n.天文學(xué) astronomer n.天文學(xué)家 solar adj.太陽的；日光的 solarsystem 太陽系 religion n.宗教；宗教信仰 atom n.原子 billion pron.&n.&adj.<英>萬億；<美>十億globe n.球體；地球儀；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的carbon n.碳 dioxide n.二氧化物 carbondioxide 二氧化碳 fundamental adj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的 presence n.出席；到場；存在 acid n.酸 reaction n.反應(yīng)；回應(yīng) multiply vi.&vt.乘；增加；繁殖 oxygen n.氧 dinosaur n.恐龍 mammal n.哺乳動物 physicist n.物理學(xué)家 extinct adj.滅亡的；絕種的 lessen vi.&vt.削減；減輕 weightlessly adv.失重地 【聯(lián)想法巧記短語】1. vt.+sb+from…型短語小結(jié)①preventsbfromdoing 阻擋某人做…②stopsb(from)doing 阻擋某人做…③keepsbfromdoing 阻擋某人做…④protectsbfrom 愛護(hù)…免遭…的損害⑤defendsbfrom 愛護(hù)…免遭…的損害⑥sheltersbfrom 愛護(hù)…免遭…的損害2. v.+out型短語薈萃①look/watchout 當(dāng)心；提防 ②putout 撲滅 ③runout 用完；耗盡 ④letout 泄露；發(fā)出(聲音) ⑤dieout 滅亡 ⑥fadeout 淡出；漸弱 【語法速遞】Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmful(harm)gasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve(solve).Accordingtoawidelyaccepted(accept)theory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”which/thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Wewatched,amazed(amaze)asfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.Asaresultofthisevent,agreatdustcloudformedintheskyblocking(block)outthesunlight.【典句仿寫】1. 動詞＋it＋adj./n.(賓補(bǔ))＋todo【課文原句】Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這就產(chǎn)生了連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。【仿寫】【2024全國I卷】Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorningandputtheblameonthealarmclock.很多人發(fā)覺早上起床很難就會指責(zé)鬧鐘。2. 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)＋as...as...【課文原句】ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步伐的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍遠(yuǎn)，因而我摔倒了。【仿寫】LiMing’smobilephonelookedjustthesameasZhangHua’s,butitcosttwiceasmuchashis.李明的手機(jī)看起來和張華的一樣，但價格是他的兩倍。3. nowthat引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句,相當(dāng)于since【課文原句】“Oh,dear,”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪，”我大聲說，“既然重力變更了，看來走路也的確須要練一練了?！薄痉聦憽俊?024全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá)】Nowthatyouarefondoftabletennis,I’dliketoinviteyoutojointheschoolteam.既然你喜愛乒乓球，我想邀請你加入校隊。4.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthat…意為“更重要的是……”,what引導(dǎo)主語從句【課文原句】Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.

更重要的是隨著地球冷卻下來,水起先出現(xiàn)在地球的表面上?！痉聦憽縒hatisequallyimportantisthatyoushouldtakeregularexercisetoloseweight.同樣重要的是，你應(yīng)當(dāng)常常熬煉來減肥。核心要點探究【高頻單詞】1. lay v.放置;擱;下(蛋);產(chǎn)(卵)(1) layeggs 下蛋 laythetable 擺放餐具(打算吃飯) (2) laystresson 強(qiáng)調(diào);把重點放在……上 laythefoundationfor 為……奠定基礎(chǔ) 【名師點撥】lay是不規(guī)則動詞,其過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞依次是:laid;laid;laying?！净顚W(xué)活用】(1)單句填空①Withthedinnertablelaid(lay),thefamilybegantohavesupper.②It’sobviouslyalietosaythatyou’vewatchedaroosterlyingtherelaying(lay)eggs.(2)微寫作一旦你完備駕馭了一門語言,你已經(jīng)為你將來的勝利打下了基礎(chǔ)。Onceyouperfectlymasterasinglelanguage,youhavelaidthefoundationforourfuturesuccess.2. exist vi.存在;生存(1) Thereexist(s)… 有/存在……(therebe句型變式之一)(2) existing adj.現(xiàn)存的;現(xiàn)行的(3) existence n.存在 comeintoexistence 產(chǎn)生;存在【名師點撥】exist沒有被動語態(tài),也不能用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)。【活學(xué)活用】(1)單句填空①Accordingtosomephilosophers,everythinginexistence(exist)isreasonable.②Inherspeech,theMinistercameoutagainstanychangetotheexisting(exist)law.③Thereexist(exist)variousopinionsamongthecommitteemembers.④Wateronceexisted(exist)onMars,butscientistshaven'tfoundoutwhyitdisappeared.⑤Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence(exist)．(2)微寫作①眾所周知，年輕人和老年人之間存在代溝。Asisknowntous,thereexistsagenerationgapbetweentheyoungandtheold.②盡管雙方達(dá)成了部分協(xié)議,但他們之間仍存在著一些分歧。Therestillexistedseveraldifferencesbetweenthemalthoughthetwosideshavereachedapartialagreement.3. puzzle n.謎;難題vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)犯難(1) inapuzzle 感到困惑;不知如何是好 (be)apuzzletosb ……對某人來說是個謎(2) puzzleabout/over 細(xì)致琢磨;苦苦思索(3) puzzling adj.令人困惑的 puzzled adj.感到困惑的 bepuzzledabout 對……迷惑不解【活學(xué)活用】(1)單句填空①Theresearchersarestillpuzzlingabout/overhowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.②Tobehonest,Isometimesfeelpuzzled(puzzle)aboutmyfuturecareer.③Hisexplanationwasverypuzzling,sotheboyworeapuzzledexpression.(puzzle)④Whyabirdcancauseanairdisasterisstillapuzzletome.⑤Hearingthegeneralmanager’sexplanation,hehadapuzzled(puzzle)expressiononhisface.⑥Thereportersaswellassomecriticsremainedpuzzled(puzzle)bytheelectionresults.(2)一句多譯那位牧羊的農(nóng)場主對他農(nóng)場中羊只的丟失仍舊感到懷疑不解。Thesheepfarmerwasstillinapuzzleaboutthedisappearanceofsomesheeponhisfarm.(puzzlen.)Thesheepfarmerwasstillpuzzledaboutthedisappearanceofsomesheeponhisfarm.(puzzledadj.)4. pull n.&vt.牽引力；拉(力)；拖 pulldown 拆毀；摧毀 pullin (車輛)進(jìn)站停靠；靠邊停靠 pullout 駛出；退出；拉出 pullup 停車 【活學(xué)活用】(1)用pull相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空①Thetrainhaspulledin,andthepassengersareboardingitnow.②Ashewashopelesslywanderingaroundthestation,thetrainpulledoutofthestation.③Theyarepullingdownthosehousestomakeroomforanewhotel.(2)微寫作俗話說得好，拆比建簡單。Astheoldsayinggoes,it’seasiertopulldownthantobuildup.【常考短語】1. intime (soonerorlater)遲早;(eventually)最終;剛好(1) intimetodosth 剛好做……(2) ontime 準(zhǔn)時 atonetime 曾經(jīng),一度；同時 atatime 一次；每次；在某時 atnotime 決不 innotime 立即,立刻 attimes 有時,間或 fromtimetotime 有時,間或 atthesametime 與此同時 【活學(xué)活用】(1)一詞多義——寫出下列句中bringup的含義①Hewasinvolvedinamurderandintimetheywouldpickhimup.遲早 ②FredandJimdidnotlikeeachotheratfirst,butintimetheybecamegoodfriends.最終 ③Eventhoughtherewereonlytenminutesleft,Iwasintimeforhislecture.剛好趕上(2)用time相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空①Ifyouwantmuchmoreinformation,getintouchwiththemintime.②Herdaughtersvisitedhimfromtimetotimewhenhewasill.③WeshallbelandinginParisinsixteenminutes,exactlyontime.④Atnotimeshallastudentcheatathisexam.⑤Themothersetthealarmsoastowakeupintimetogivehertwosonstheirmedicine.⑥【2024全國卷Ⅲ】Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreefromthem.(3)微寫作俗話說：“有志者，事竟成。”我們的努力遲早會有回報的。Astheoldsayinggoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”O(jiān)ureffortswillpayoffintime.2. inone’sturn 輪到某人 inturn 依次,輪番(側(cè)重次序);轉(zhuǎn)而;相應(yīng)地;反過來 byturns 輪番,交替地(側(cè)重一個接一個) taketurnstodosth 輪番做某事 Itisone’sturntodo 輪到某人做某事?！净顚W(xué)活用】(1)單句填空①Whenitwasinmyturn,Iwastooexcitedtospeak.②Atthemeetingtheytookturnstoput(put)forwardanumberofsuggestionsaimingtopromotethereformofeducationsystem.③Thetwodaughterslookedaftertheirsickmotherbyturns.(2)用turn的相關(guān)短語填空①Theyoungparentshadtotaketurnstolookaftertheirsickbaby.②Thechangeoftheclimatemakestheearthwarmer.Inturn,thewarmthoftheearthchangestheclimate,too.③Idecidedtodividethisclassintothreegroupstogivethemlessonsbyturns.(3)微寫作依我看來，理論的實踐為基礎(chǔ)，反過來又為實踐服務(wù)。Frommypointofview,theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice.3. breakout vi.(斗爭、火災(zāi)、疾病、爭吵等)突然發(fā)生;爆發(fā) breakaway(from) 擺脫;脫離 breakin vi.闖入;打斷 breakinto vt.強(qiáng)行闖入breakoff 斷開;停頓,突然終止breakthrough 突破,戰(zhàn)勝breakup 粉碎;解散;(關(guān)系)裂開,結(jié)束;放假 breakdown (機(jī)器)出故障;(身體)垮掉;(精神)崩潰;(談判等)失敗;分解【活學(xué)活用】單句填空①Afirebrokeoutinthelowerstoryduringthemidnightandsoonthewholebuildingwasinflames.②LastnightsomebodybrokeintoMrWhite’shouseandtookawayalotofthings.③Shebrokedownwhensheheardthenews,butquicklyrecovered.④Shemethersecondhusbandnotlongafterherfirstmarriagebrokeup.⑤Scientiststhinktheyhavebrokenthroughintheirattempttofindthecausesofmanymajordiseases.⑥Wewerediscussingourplans,buthadtobreakoffwhenthetelephonerang.4. prevent…(from)doing 阻擋……做某事 stop…(from)doing 阻擋……做某事 keep…fromdoing 阻擋……做某事 protect…fromsth/beingdone 愛護(hù)……免受……損害 keep…doingsth 使……始終做某事【名師點撥】prevent/stop…from…中的from可以省略,keep…from…中的from不能省略。但在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中,from均不行省略?！净顚W(xué)活用】(1)單句填空①Hishearttroubledidnotpreventhimgoing(go)toclassthenextday.②Oneoftheadvantagesofwearingsunglassesistoprotectone’seyesfromthestrongsunlight.③Incoldweatherdays,thefamilyusedtokeepthehomefireburning(burn)allnightlong.(2)句式轉(zhuǎn)換Theheavyraindidn’tprevent/stop/keepusfromgoingtotheforesttowatchthebirdslastSunday.Wewerenotprevented/stopped/keptfromgoingtotheforesttowatchthebirdsbytheheavyrainlastSunday.【必備句型】1. ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時候,我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn),步伐的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍,然后我摔倒了?！久麕燑c撥】句型公式:…倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as…twiceasfaras…意為“是……的兩倍遠(yuǎn)”。常見的倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式有:(1)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.原級＋as+B(2)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋adj./adv.比較級＋than+B(3)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size/weight...)＋of+B(4)A＋倍數(shù)＋what從句，表示“A是……的多少倍”【活學(xué)活用】(1)單句填空①Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfaster(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.②Thenumberofstudentsnowinthisschoolisfourtimeswhatitwastenyearsago.③

Hislatestnovelistwiceaslongas(兩倍長)hispreviousone.④ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesthesizeofthepresentone.(2)一句多譯【2024全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá)】這部短片講解并描述了我們學(xué)校的發(fā)展?，F(xiàn)在，我們的學(xué)校是十年前的三倍大。①Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowourschoolisthreetimesasbigasthattenyearsago.②Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowourschoolistwicebiggerthanthattenyearsago.③Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowourschoolisthreetimesthesizeofthattenyearsago.2. Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這引起了一個連鎖反應(yīng),使生命的發(fā)展成為可能?！久麕燑c撥】句型公式：句型公式：makeit＋adj./n.＋forsbtodo(1) make＋it＋adj./n.＋todo不定式 make＋it＋adj./n.＋that從句 make＋it＋nogood/nouse/novalue...＋doingsth(2)常用于這種句型的動詞還有：think,consider,find,feel等?！净顚W(xué)活用】(1)微寫作①在西方,人們常在圣誕節(jié)時給他們的親朋好友購買禮物。PeopleintheWestmakeitaruletobuyChristmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.②明顯,是因特網(wǎng)使得彼此間溝通很簡單。Obviously,itistheInternetthatmakesiteasytocommunicatewitheachother.③他們預(yù)料于6月6日前抵達(dá)上海,正好能趕上參與會議。TheyarescheduledtoreachShanghaibyJune6makingitpossibleforthemtoattendthemeeting.(2)單句填空①HavingwatchedABiteofChinawillmakeiteasierforyoutounderstandwhyheisdeterminedtomakehislivingbyrunningaChinesefoodrestaurantinNewYork.②Shemadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.③Heisstubborn,whichmakesitnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.高考真題演練【品句填詞】①【2024江蘇卷】Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench,handstremblingashegently(gentle)placedhisfingersonthekeys.②【2024全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá)】Atthesametime,IhaveagoodcommandofseverallanguagesincludingEnglish.③【2024浙江卷】Imadefriendswiththenatives,andtheirreaction(react)amazedme.④【2024全國II卷】Steamenginesareusedtopull(pull)thecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.⑤【2024全國III卷】Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.Butunlike(like)schoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-termresting⑥【2024全國I卷】Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobal(globe)populationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorlystudied語言素養(yǎng)提升【句式升級】①【2024全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá)】Ithinkyouhadbetterbringasmallgiftwhenweattendadinnerparty.Ithinkitagoodideatobringasmallgiftwhenweattendadinnerparty.(用v.+it+adj./n.句型升級藍(lán)色字體部分)②【2015北京卷書面表達(dá)】Thismorning,whenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawthattwotravelerslookedpuzzledastheywerereadingamap.Thismorning,whenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap,lookingpuzzled.(用分詞作狀語升級藍(lán)色字體部分)【主題寫作】假定你是李華，你愛好太空探險但是卻得不到父母理解，于是你給英國摯友Stephen發(fā)電子郵件進(jìn)行溝通并懇求幫助。要點如下①父母的看法；②你的觀點。(至少寫2點)【分化步驟，先句后篇】1.列提綱，補(bǔ)全要點句。①我和父母之間存在一個問題，使我不能用心學(xué)習(xí)。Thereexistsaproblembetweenmyparentsandme,andthathasmadeitimpossibleformetoconcentrateonmystudy.②我對太空探險很癡迷因此我業(yè)余時間總是去圖書館，在那里我駕馭了很多與太空探究有關(guān)的材料。(定語從句)IamsocrazyaboutspaceexplorationthatinmysparetimeIoftengotothelibrary,whereIhavegotthehangofmuchaboutspaceexploration.③這使我的父母很生氣，因為他們認(rèn)為我的愛好對我的學(xué)習(xí)有害。Thismakesmyparentsveryangrybecausetheythinkmyhobbyisharmfultomystudy.④使我懊喪的是他們總是阻擋我去圖書館，并督促我用兩倍多的時間學(xué)習(xí)。(主從)Whatmakesmeupsetisthattheyalwayspreventmefromgoingtothelibraryandurgemetospendtwicemoretimeonmylessons.⑤依我看，良好的愛好不僅對