英文翻譯-金屬礦床深部找礦中的成礦作用標(biāo)志研究

河北工程大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)英語翻譯譯文題目:MetalOreMineralizationOfDeepProspectingMarks金屬礦床深部找礦中的成礦作用標(biāo)志研究姓名：專業(yè)：勘查技術(shù)與工程班級學(xué)號：指導(dǎo)老師：指導(dǎo)教師職稱：教授2013年5MetaloremineralizationofdeepprospectingmarksMetallogeniccharacteristicstostudyisthebasiccontentofmetallogenicregularityofresearchwork.Mainlyincludesthemetallogenicepoch,spatialdistributionoforebodiescharacteristics,ore-formingmaterialscomposition,metallogenicperiodoftime,mineralizationmarks,etcDeepprospectingisoftendoneinbothcases,thefirstisintheknownprospectingofdeeporebodies.Thesecondisinhaven'tfoundtheregionalprospectinginthedepthoforebodyscale.Researchcontentsoftheabovetwosituationsthereisabigdifference.Inthefirstcaseemphasisonknownorebodymetallogeniccharacteristicsofthecomprehensivestudy.Belowisthemineralizationmarksthedeepprospectinginthekey:(1)componentsoforebodiesandtheirspatialdistributioncharacteristics,especiallytheverticalvariationcharacteristicsofresearch;(2)themetallogenicperiodandmanytimesmaterialcompositionchangeanditsspatialdistributioncharacteristicsofresearch;(3)signstheore-formingfluidphysicalandchemicalconditions.Aboutthecomponentsoforebodiesandmultiphaseore-formingmaterialcombinationofspacedistributionaspectresearchwork,thispaperstudiesthemainelementsandassociatedelementsonthespacedistributionfeatures,generallyhasthefollowingseveralways:thesamegradeofore-formingelementsalongthethreedimensionalspacechangeruleofresearch;Associatedelementsalongthethreedimensionalspacecombinationofresearch;Thesamemetallogenicsysteminthesamefieldordifferentscalemetallogenicbelt,themajorelementsofthedifferentpropertiesofspatialzoningchangeruleofresearch.Usingareaknowntospeculateunknownareaatthesameplaceanddifferentanalogymethodorapplicationknownmineraldepositmodelmethodcanachievethegoalofdeepprediction.Primaryhalosresearchmethodisappliedtodeterminethespatialdistributionoftheorebodies,especiallyinthesectiononthepredictionofdeepextensionandpinchoutrepresentationplaysanimportantrole.Duetothemineralcompositionofspacedistributionofresearchworkisonlyfordeeporeprospectingisknown,doesnotapplytohaven'tfoundthedeepprospectingoforebodyscalecases,somarkstudyore-formingphysicochemicalconditionsformoredeepprospectingAnduniversal.Ore-formingfluidphysicalandchemicalconditionssignresearchisbasedonthemineralizationfluidphysicalandchemicalconditionsintheprocessofthecomponentsofexpressionintodirectore-prospectingcriteriaoftheresearchwork.Accordinglydiscriminantgenerallocationofthedeeporebody,directlydeterminethedirectionofconcealedorebodyprospecting.Thisisanimportantpartofthedeepprospectinggeologicalresearchwork.Thechoiceoftechnologyrouteisthroughthestudyofmineralfluidprocesstoachievetheabovetargets,basicallybelongstothecategoryofprospectingmineralogy.1generalcharacteristicsoffluidmineralizationDiscussionfromtheperspectiveofmineralizationandsedimentarytypedeposit,hotwater(brine)typeoredeposit,"endogenous"typehydrothermaloredeposits,magmaticdepositswereformedinthefluidactionintheprocessof.Canbeseenasdifferentfluidmineralizationtypeofcontinuousprocessofchange.Differencebetweenwater,compositionoffluid,gasphaseandliquidphaseratio,physicalandchemicalprocessofore-formingfluidisexactlythesame.(1)fluidinthewaterfeatures:exceptmagmaticdepositfromsedimentarytypedepositandmagmatichydrothermaltypedepositcorrespondingtothetwosideyuan,tianshuiandmagmaticwatertwocomponentsamongeachtypeofdepositisthetransitionoftianshuiandmagmaticwatermixedtype,mixtureratiomainlydependsonthedepthofthemineralization,superdeepdrillingdataaccordingtothekolapeninsula,tianshuihasreached10kmbelowthesurface,theeastChinaseacontinentalscientificdrillingdataalsohasprovedthetianshuidepthcanbeupto5kmbelowthesurface.Asmentionedabove,inadditiontothesupermaficchromiteandbasicultrabasicrockcoppernickeldeposits,allkindsofmineralizationofore-formingdepthiswithin10km.Mosttypesoforedepositmetallogenicdepth3~5km,ahandfulofaround8km,somostoftheore-formingfluidistianshuitojoin.Fornearly30yearscountlessdepositresearchdatashowsthattheore-formingfluidisgenerallytianshuiandmagmaticwatermixedwater,thedifferenceisthateachotherhowmuchpercentage.Fluidintianshuithepercentageofthemainiscontrolledbytheformationdepthofmetallogenicgeologicalprocess.Undernormalcircumstances,thetianshuiintheacidicpH,pHalkalinemagmaticwater.(2)theproportionofgasphaseandliquidphasecharacteristics:fluidiscomposedofgasphaseandliquidphase,gasphaseandliquidphasearecontrolledbyfluidphysicalandchemicalconditions,theproportionoftheeffectdepthasoreatthesametime,thefluidgasliquidratioisalsodifferent,generally"endogenous"hydrothermaldepositmetallogenicmoreshallowgasproportionishigher.(3)thematerialcompositioncharacteristics:mainmaterialcomponentinfluidcontactwiththefluidmigrationandaccumulationprocessofmatrixandrelatedtothematerialcompositionofgeologicbody.(4)fluidmineralizationprocess,inessenceisafluidmetalelementsintheprocessofdissolution,migration,accumulation,precipitation,generallyisinstrongacid,strongalkali,hightemperatureandhighpressure,strongoxidationenvironmentofdissolution,migration,precipitationinlowvoltage,partialneutralatlowtemperatureenvironment.Sothemineralizationprocessisthechangeoffluidphysicalandchemicalconditions.2studyofgeochemicalbarrier(1)theconceptofgeochemicalbarrier:thisconceptisbytheformerSovietuniondon'tcolumnwasproposedin1968,intheprocessoffluidmineralization,bothsedimentarymineralizationandhydrothermalmineralizationandgeochemicalbarrierplaysadecisiveroleinthemineralization.Sedimentarygeochemicalbarrierspatiallocationisthedepositionofmetalmineraldepositsofenrichmentinarea,mainlyfortherapidchangesinphandREDOXinterfaceinterface.Forexample:thejindingpb-zndeposit,yunnanprovince,itsorebodyislocatedintheREDOXtransformationinterface,andplentyofsaltinthehorizon.Hydrothermalfluidmineralizationbelongstothehightemperaturewaterrockgeochemicalsystem,ismuchmorecomplicatedsituation,temperature,pressure,ph,REDOXconditionschange,thefourfactorsinfluenceeachother,bothprecipitationanddirectcontrolofmetalelementsgathered.Whateverthefactors,asaresult,theore-formingmaterialinthetransformationtemperaturetransformation,pressure,phvaluetransform,REDOXconditionstransformneartheinterfaceofaggregationandprecipitation,andvariousphysicalandchemicalexchangeinterfaceishydrothermalgeochemicalbarrier,belongstoakindofgeochemicaldynamicsinterface.(2)identificationofgeochemicalbarrier:sedimentarymineralizationfluidmainlybythelithologycomposition,rockcolor,specialsedimentaryminerals(suchassaltbuilt,etc.)todistinguishgeochemicalbarrierofspaceposition.Hydrothermalfluidmineralizationmainlythroughdiscriminantmarkofmineralsreflectthephysicalandchemicalenvironment,namelytojudgehydrothermalalterationmineralgeochemicalbarrierexists.1)strongalkalineenvironment:granitepotassiumfeldspathizationclass;Acidicvolcanicrock,zeolite;Carbonateirondolomitization,dolomizationandcarbonatization.(2)thestrongacidicenvironment:graniticrocksofsecondaryquartz,kaolinite,proteinpetrochemicalindustry;Acidicvolcanicrockofwaxpetrochemical,alunitizationleaves;Basitebiotite.(3)neutralenvironment,sericitization,silicificationandchloritization,albitization,epidotization,yili,petrochemical,watermica.(4)strongoxidationenvironment:hematite.(5)reducingenvironments,pyritization,andsoon.Case1:porphyrycopperoreofthealterationmodel,fromtoptobottomorfromoutsidetoinsiderespectivelygreenrocklithification,mudstone,quartzsericitization,k.Actuallysaidtheweakacid-neutral-stronglybasicphysicalandchemicalenvironment,accordingtotheverticalprofileanalysis,shallowtotianshuiisgivenpriorityto,arelativelylowtemperature,insidetakeformagmaticwater,relativelyhightemperature,withmine.Chalcopyriteoccursinquartzsericitebeltisforneutralenvironment.Thisisastandardmediumtemperature,3~5kmofhydrothermalemplacementenvironmentgeochemicalbarriermodel.Example2:thejiaodonggoldorebelt,everygolddepositexiststhefollowingalterationzoning,metallogenictectonicbeltmediumyellowironsilkYunYanbeltandgoldorebodiesinspacecloseoutput.Belongtothephvalueisneutral,inlowtemperatureenvironment.Widelyinnearpotashfeldspathization,distributionsize,butalwaysappearedneartheorebody,belongtothestrongalkaline,hightemperatureenvironment.Sothisisthelowtemperaturealterationinthestructurezonetypeofhydrothermaloredepositgeochemicalbarrier.Shandongsouthtempleofjiaojiagolddepositzhuang,fullofconcealedoredeposits,thesurfaceisk,seeyouafterdeepvalidation.AnhuiYaoGulingcopperleadandzincallconcealedoredeposit,thesurfaceseekaolinization,accidentallyseeexplosionbreccia,drillingcore,visiblestronglypotassium,gooddeepsee.Example3:purplemountaincoppergolddepositbelongstovolcanictypelowtemperaturehydrothermaldeposit,whichisalowtemperaturelowpressureenvironmentofepithermaldepositsofhydrothermalgeochemicalbarriermodel,thetopofthesiliceousleachedzone,downwithquartzalunite,bottomforquartzsericitebelt.Deepvolcanicrocks,rockmassfortheAnninferiorqualitytogoforShiYingdirockband.Reflectedfromthetoptothebottombystrongacidtoneutralenvironment.Concludedthatore-formingdepthof300~2400m,quartzalunitewithtemperatureof220~240℃isclosetotheformationofcoppermineraldeposittypeandendogenetichydrothermaltypetransitiontypeundertheconditionofacidicoxidizingenvironment.Occurinthequartzalunitewithdigenite,sulfur,arsenic,copper,bluecopperorecoppercontent.Thisisalowtemperaturenearsurfaceultrashallowvolcanicinstitutions-subvolcanichydrothermaltypedepositgeochemicalbarriermodel.Skarntypeoredeposit,strictlylimitedtointrusiverockcontactzoneanditsnearby,intermsoffluidaction,earlyformedskarnmineralsnotvolatilize,doesnotprovideadditionalanion,commonlyknownas"dry"skarn,thereforenomine,lateformedundertheactionofskarnminerals,fluidcontainingvolatileandanion,commonlyknownas"wet"skarn,asthemainore-formingperiod,theskarnoredepositsofhydrothermalgeochemicalbarriermodel.3mineralizationmarkintheapplicationofthedeepprospecting(1)distinguishingmarksthemineralcompositionofore-formingmaterialmigrationandprecipitationofmineralassemblageandmarkore-formingmaterialsisveryimportant,andgenerallysedimentarybrinefluidorhotfluidisundertheconditionoftemperature,pressure,relativestabilitydiscriminantmetallogenicconditions,therefore,themaincriterionphandREDOXconditionslogoisok.Fromoxidizingenvironmenttoreducingenvironmentrecoveritstransitionzone,orfromacidictoalkalineenvironmentrecoverconversion.Hydrothermalore-formingfluidtendtobemorecomplicated,becausedifferentmetallogenicdepth,structuralsurface,andsoonfunction,situationismorecomplex,oftenisthetemperature,pressure,ph,REDOXconditions,fourfactorsactingtogether.Researchsuggeststhattherearestillrulestofollow.Typicallyhydrothermalore-formingfluidshowsthemineralcompositionofore-formingmaterialmigrationiswideandlogoclearly,alsoeasytoidentify.Markermetallogenicsubstancesprecipitationmineralcompositionrangesmall,closelyassociatedandorebodiesinspace.Fromtheperspectiveofdeeporeprospecting,identifytheformermeaningevenmore.Ingeneral,themineralizationfluidinformationdepthofsimilarenvironmentinteractionstrength,thegreaterthemetallogenicscale).Therefore,ore-formingsubstancesofmineralsCombinationofspacesizecaninstructdeepdepositiftherearedimensions.(2)combinationofdiscriminantore-formingmaterialmigrationalterationandorebodyspatialrelations:themigrationoforefluidspacerangeisgreaterthanthatofore-formingmaterialunloadingspacerange.Ingeochemicalbarriersideorupanddown,changeisagradualtransitionofore-formingfluidenvironment,thereisonlyneartheinterface.Soonbothsidesoffluidinvariouscationicsinceworldfacegenerallypresentsthephenomenonwhichisinturnprecipitate.Undernormalcircumstances,therefore,reflectthedifferentphysicalandchemicalenvironmentofthefluidinthecationprecipitation,precipitationgenerallystrongacid,strongalkalimineralsmainlyingeochemicalbarrieronbothsidesoftheinterface,upanddownorleftandrightsides,duetotheinequalityoftheboundaryconditions,thesituationischangeable,butonthewhole,islocatedintheperipheralorebodies,andnearorewallrockerosionindisguisedformzonation.Practicecommontwocases,oneforthesamemineralizationstage,andtheformationofasignificantspatialzonation,suchasporphyrycopperdepositsalterationzonation.Regularityobviously,thesecondstageofmineralizationofdifferentmineralcombination,differentphysicalandchemicalenvironment,superimposedonthespacesuperpositionofprecipitationofalterationzoneandorebodyerosionvariationinmigration.Hotbrinemineralizationwillappeardifferentmineral(rock)sectionofthelayerzoning.Duetothereflectionoffluidmigrationalterationscopeisbigger,intheprocessofexplorationoforedeposits,sometimesoverlookedmappingscope,intheearth'ssurfacecausedbymisjudgment.Sofordeeporeprospecting,toreflectthealterationmineralcombinationoffluidmigrationresearchsignificanceisveryimportant,toshowstrongacidorstrongalkalienvironment,oracombinationofstrongoxidizingenvironmentalterationresearchshouldpaycloseattentionto.

金屬礦床深部找礦中的成礦作用標(biāo)志研究礦床成礦特征研究是成礦規(guī)律研究工作的基本內(nèi)容。主要包括成礦時代、礦體空間分布特征、成礦物質(zhì)成分、成礦期次、成礦作用標(biāo)志研究等。深部找礦一般是在兩種情況下進(jìn)行,第一種是在已知礦體深部進(jìn)行找礦。第二種是在尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)模礦體的地區(qū)進(jìn)行深部找礦。上述兩種情況的研究內(nèi)容存在很大的區(qū)別。在第一種情況下強(qiáng)調(diào)已知礦體成礦特征的綜合研究。以下是成礦作用標(biāo)志研究在深部找礦中的重點:(1)礦體物質(zhì)組分及其空間分布特征、特別是垂向變化特征研究;(2)成礦期次及多期次成礦物質(zhì)組合的變化及其空間分布特征研究;(3)成礦流體物理化學(xué)條件標(biāo)志研究。關(guān)于礦體物質(zhì)組分和多期次成礦物質(zhì)組合的空間分布方面研究工作,著重研究主元素、共伴生元素在空間上的分布特征,一般有以下幾種情況:同一成礦元素沿三維空間品位變化規(guī)律的研究;共伴生元素沿三維空間組合方式的變化規(guī)律研究;同一成礦系統(tǒng)在同一礦田或不同尺度成礦帶,不同主元素礦產(chǎn)地的空間分帶變化規(guī)律的研究。采用同地已知區(qū)推測未知區(qū)的方法或應(yīng)用已知礦床模型進(jìn)行異地類比的方法都可以達(dá)到深部預(yù)測的目的。應(yīng)用原生暈研究方法判斷礦體的空間分布,尤其在剖面上預(yù)測深部延伸及尖滅再現(xiàn)具有重要的作用。由于礦石物質(zhì)組分空間分布規(guī)律研究工作僅僅適用于已知礦體深部找礦,并不適用于尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)模礦體情況下的深部找礦,因此成礦物理化學(xué)條件標(biāo)志研究對于深部找礦更加具有普遍意義。成礦流體物理化學(xué)條件標(biāo)志研究是根據(jù)成礦作用過程中流體的物理化學(xué)條件的物質(zhì)組分表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹苯诱业V標(biāo)志的研究工作。據(jù)此直接判別深部礦體的大體位置,確定隱伏礦體找礦方向。這是深部找礦地質(zhì)研究工作的重要內(nèi)容。筆者選擇的技術(shù)路線是通過研究流體作用過程的礦物來實現(xiàn)上述目標(biāo),基本上屬于找礦礦物學(xué)的范疇。1流體成礦作用的一般特征從成礦作用的角度討論,沉積型礦床、熱(鹵)水型礦床、“內(nèi)生”熱液型礦床、巖漿型礦床都是在流體作用過程中形成的?？梢钥醋鞑煌黧w成礦作用類型的連續(xù)變化過程。區(qū)別在于流體的水源、成分、氣相和液相比例不同,流體成礦的物理化學(xué)過程是完全一樣的。(1)流體中水源特征:除巖漿型礦床以外,從沉積型礦床和巖漿熱液型礦床兩個端元對應(yīng)了天水和巖漿水兩個端元,中間的各種礦床類型,都是天水和巖漿水相混合的過渡類型,混合比例主要取決于成礦作用的深度,據(jù)科拉半島超深鉆資料,天水已達(dá)地表以下10km,中國東海大陸科學(xué)鉆資料也已證明天水可以達(dá)地表以下5km深度。如前所述:除超鎂鐵質(zhì)有關(guān)的鉻鐵礦及基性超基性巖銅鎳礦床以外,各類成礦作用的成礦深度也就是10km以內(nèi)。大多數(shù)礦床類型成礦深度3～5km,少數(shù)達(dá)8km左右,因此大多數(shù)成礦流體都有天水加入。近30年來無數(shù)礦床研究資料表明,一般成礦流體都是天水和巖漿水的混合水,區(qū)別在于相互比例多少而已。流體中天水所占的比例主要受成礦地質(zhì)作用的形成深度所控制。一般情況下,天水的pH值偏酸性,巖漿水的pH值偏堿性。(2)氣相和液相比例特征:流體由氣相和液相組成,氣相和液相的比例受流體物理化學(xué)條件控制,當(dāng)成礦作用深度不同時,其流體氣液比例也不同,一般“內(nèi)生”熱液礦床成礦越淺氣相比例越高。(3)物質(zhì)組分特征:流體中物質(zhì)組分主要與流體運移和聚集過程中母體及接觸的地質(zhì)體的物質(zhì)成分有關(guān)。(4)流體成礦作用過程,實質(zhì)上是流體中金屬元素溶解、遷移、集聚、沉淀的過程,一般情況下都是在強(qiáng)酸、強(qiáng)堿、高溫高壓,強(qiáng)氧化環(huán)境下溶解、遷移,在低壓低溫、偏中性環(huán)境下沉淀。因此成礦作用過程就是流體物理化學(xué)條件的變化過程。2地球化學(xué)障研究(1)地球化學(xué)障的概念:該概念是由前蘇聯(lián)別列爾曼于1968年提出,在流體成礦作用過程中,無論是沉積成礦作用還是熱液成礦作用,地球化學(xué)障在成礦作用中起到了決定性作用。沉積地球化學(xué)障空間位置就是沉積金屬礦物的富集沉淀區(qū),主要為氧化還原界面及酸堿度急劇變化界面。例如:云南金頂鉛鋅礦床其礦體位于氧化還原轉(zhuǎn)換界面,而且有大量膏鹽的層位中。熱液流體成礦作用屬于高溫水巖地球化學(xué)系統(tǒng),情況復(fù)雜得多,溫度、壓力、酸堿度、氧化還原條件的變化,4種因素既相互影響,又直接控制金屬元素的聚集沉淀。不論何種因素,其結(jié)果是成礦物質(zhì)大量在溫度變換、壓力變換、酸堿度變換、氧化還原條件變換的界面附近聚集和沉淀,而各種物理化學(xué)交換界面就是熱液地球化學(xué)障,屬于一種地球化學(xué)動力學(xué)界面。(2)地球化學(xué)障的識別：沉積流體成礦作用主要通過巖性成分、巖石顏色、特種礦物沉積巖(例如膏鹽建造等)來判別地球化學(xué)障的空間位置。熱液流體成礦作用主要通過判別反映物理化學(xué)環(huán)境的標(biāo)志礦物,即蝕變礦物來判斷熱液地球化學(xué)障的存在。①強(qiáng)堿性環(huán)境:花崗巖類的鉀長石化;酸性