雅思閱讀matchheadings培訓(xùn)課件

雅思閱讀配對題一、形式：三部分組成題目要求、選項(xiàng)的集合、題目的集合二、特點(diǎn)：難以捉摸大多數(shù)是細(xì)節(jié)信息（段落配信息題除外）有亂序分布三、分類配對一方是特殊定位詞人名配觀點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)配解決措施時(shí)間配事件亂序配對雙方是長句子問題配答案原因配結(jié)果正序段落配信息亂序---語言實(shí)力四、基本解題步驟識別配對的雙方的類型以及各自的數(shù)量決定先定位哪一方通讀配對另一方，劃出全部定位詞，逐段進(jìn)行配對1.配對一方是特殊定位詞

方法：A迅速瀏覽定位詞，在文中劃出，沒有出現(xiàn)定位詞的段落一律不考慮。B通讀配對題的另一方，劃出定位詞，逐段配對。五、注意1.大多數(shù)情況下，每個(gè)題目只能選一個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

2.有些選項(xiàng)可能會(huì)用兩次以上。3.有的選項(xiàng)可能用不上。

4.第一題的答案往往在文章的后部，最后一題的答案往往在文章的前部。ListofHeading

ListofHeading題型特點(diǎn)1.段落主旨題，總結(jié)歸納2.位于文章前3.選項(xiàng)無復(fù)選4.易連環(huán)錯(cuò)ListofHeading（段落主旨題）做題步驟1.去掉Example選項(xiàng)及其對應(yīng)段落，瀏覽其余選項(xiàng)，劃關(guān)鍵詞ListofHeading（段落主旨題）做題步驟2.以段落為單位，找主題句和核心詞ListofHeading（段落主旨題）做題步驟3.先做該段內(nèi)的細(xì)節(jié)題，再選Heading*先小后大ListofHeading（段落主旨題）做題步驟4.用排除法篩選，去掉無關(guān)選項(xiàng)，不能確定時(shí)，先做其它段ListofHeading（段落主旨題）主題句位置1.首句2.次句（首句為過渡句）3.尾句（so,thus,conclude…）ListofHeading（段落主旨題）英文段落展開形式1.演繹法（DeductiveMethod）a.主題句+支持論據(jù)b.主題句+對比論據(jù)（段落中有轉(zhuǎn)折）c.過渡句+主題句+……（注意第2句是否有轉(zhuǎn)折）ListofHeading（段落主旨題）英文段落展開形式2.歸納法（InductiveMethod）例證+總結(jié)（主題句）ListofHeading（段落主旨題）核心詞（重復(fù)出現(xiàn)是核心詞）1.原詞重復(fù)2.同類詞重復(fù)3.指代重復(fù)ListofHeading（段落主旨題）多段落組成section的說明（劍5T4P1）1.主題可能有多個(gè)2.重點(diǎn)看每個(gè)section中各段的首尾句，確定各段關(guān)系（有and等并列關(guān)系詞的選項(xiàng)一般為可選項(xiàng)）ListofHeading（段落主旨題）分析選項(xiàng)在有相同信息的選項(xiàng)中找不同（文章主題詞除外）1.同中求異包含、相對：一個(gè)可選，一個(gè)排除并列：一般都可選Answer

viiTheproblemeffectsofthenewinternationaltradeagreementiiTheenvironmentalimpactofmodernfarmingiiiFarmingandsoilerosionivTheeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinrichcountriesvGovernmentsandmanagementoftheenvironmentviTheeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinpoorcountriesviiFarmingandfoodoutputviiiThenewprospectsforworldtrade1SectionA2SectionB3SectionC4SectionDExample

SectionE5SectionFListofHeading（段落主旨題）分析選項(xiàng)1.含有下列詞的選項(xiàng)一般為首段的headingnotion,definition,

concept…ListofHeading（段落主旨題）分析選項(xiàng)2.含有下列詞的選項(xiàng)一般為尾段的headingimpact,consequence,

conclusion…ListofHeading（段落主旨題）注意事項(xiàng)1.位于文章前2.選項(xiàng)無復(fù)選3.去掉已選項(xiàng)4.某段不確定，先做其他段5.Example也要看BResearchhasshownthatthereisgeneticorinheritedelementtohandedness.Butwhileleft-handednesstendstoruninfamilies,neitherleftnorrighthandlerswillautomaticallyproduceoff-springwiththesamehandedness;infactabout6percentofchildrenwithtworight-handedparentswillbeleft-handed.However,amongtwoleft-handedparents,perhaps40percentofthechildrenwillalsobeleft-handed.Withonerightandoneleft-handedparent,15to20percentoftheoffspringwillbeleft-handed.Evenamongidenticaltwinswhohaveexactlythesamegenes,oneinsixpairswilldifferintheirhandedness.CWhatthenmakespeopleleft-handedifitisnotsimplygenetic?Otherfactorsmustbeatworkandresearchershaveturnedtothebrainforclues.Inthe

1860stheFrenchsurgeonandanthropologist,DrPaulBoca,madetheremarkablefindingthatpatientswhohadlosttheirpowersofspeechasaresultofastroke(abloodclotinthebrain)hadparalysisoftherighthalfoftheirbody.Henotedthatsincethelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolstherighthalfofthebody,andviceversa,thebraindamagemusthavebeeninthebrain'slefthemisphere,Psychologistsnowbelievethatamongrighthandedpeople,probably95percenthavetheirlanguagecentreinthelefthemisphere,while5percenthaveright-sidedlanguage,Left-handers,however,donotshowthereversepatternbutinsteadamajorityalsoSome30percenthaverighthemispherelanguage.DDrBrinkman,abrainresearcherattheAustralian

National

UniversityinCanberra,hassuggestedthatevolutionofspeechwentwithright-handedpreference.AccordingtoBrinkman,asthebrainevolved,onesidebecamespecializedforfinecontrolofmovement(necessaryforproducingspeech)andalongwiththisevolutioncameright-handpreference.AccordingtoBrinkman,mostleft-handershavelefthemispheredominancebutalsosomecapacityintherighthemisphere.Shehasobservedthatifaleft-handedpersonisbrain-damagedinthelefthemisphere,therecoveryofspeechisquiteoftenbetterandthisisexplainedbythefactthatleft-handershaveamorebilateralspeechfunction.EInherstudiesofmacaquemonkeys,Brinkmanhasnoticedthatprimates(monkeys)seemtolearnahandpreferencefromtheirmotherinthefirstyearoflifebutthiscouldbeonehandortheother.Inhumans,however,thespecializationinfunctionofthetwohemispheresresultsinanatomicaldifferences;areasthatareinvolvedwiththeproductionofspeechareusuallylargerontheleftsidethanontheright.Sincemonkeyshavenotacquiredtheartofspeech,onewouldnotexpecttoseesuchavariationbutBrinkmanclaimstohavediscoveredatrendinmonkeystowardstheasymmetrythatisevidentinthehumanbrain.FTwoAmericanresearchers,GeschwindandGalaburda,studiedthebrainsofhumanembryosanddiscoveredthattheleft-rightasymmetryexistsbeforebirth.Butasthebraindevelops,anumberofthingscanaffectit.Everybrainisinitiallyfemaleinitsorganisationanditonlybecomesamalebrainwhenthemalefetusbeginstosecretehormones.GeschwindandGalaburdaknewthatdifferentpartsofthebrainmatureatdifferentrates;therighthemispheredevelopsfirst,thentheleft.Moreover,agirl'sbraindevelopssomewhatfasterthanthatofaboy.So,ifsomethinghappenstothebrain'sdevelopmentduringpregnancy,itismorelikelytobeaffectedinamaleandthehemispheremorelikelytobeinvolvedistheleft.Thebrainmaybecomelessliberalizedandthisinturncouldresultinleft-handednessandthedevelopmentofcertainsuperiorskillsthathavetheiroriginsinthelefthemispheresuchaslogic,rationalityandabstraction.Itshouldbenosurprisethenthatamongmathematiciansandarchitects,left-handerstendtobemorecommonandtherearemoreleft-handedmalesthanfemales.GTheresultsofthisresearchmaybesomeconsolationtoleft-handerswhohaveforcenturieslivedinaworlddesignedtosuitright-handedpeople.However,whatisalarming,accordingtoMr.CharlesMoore,awriterandjournalist,isthewaytheword`right'reinforcesitsownvirtue.Subliminallyhesays,languagetellspeopletothinkthatanythingontherightcanbetrustedwhileanythingontheleftisdangerousorevensinister.Wespeakofleft-handedcomplimentsandaccordingtoMoore,`itisnocoincidencethatleft-hand,oftendevelopastammerastheyarerobbedoftheirfreedomofspeech'.However,asmoreresearchisundertakenonthecausesoflefthandedness,attitudestowardsleft-handedpeoplearegraduallychangingforthebetter.IndeedwhenthechampiontennisplayerIndeedwhenthechampiontennisplayerIvanLendwasaskedwhatthesinglethingimprovehisgame,hesaidhewouldliketobecomealeft-hander.Questions1-7

Usetheinformationinthetexttomatchthepeople(listedA-E)withtheopinions(listed1-7)below.Writetheappropriateletter(A-E)inboxes1-7onyouranswersheet.Somepeoplematchmorethanoneopinion.

ADrBoca

BDrBrinkman

CGeschwindandGalaburda

DCharlesMoore

EProfessorTurner1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhen

theyfirstdevelopedlanguage.

2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.

3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.

4Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequickly

thanright-handedpeople.

5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallylose

theirpowerofspeech.

6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbeforebirth.

7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhen

theyfirstdevelopedlanguage.

2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.

3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.

4Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.

5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.

6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbeforebirth.

7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhentheyfirstdevelopedlanguage.

2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.

3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.

4Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.

5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.

6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbeforebirth.

7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.Henotedthatthisdistinctiveasymmetryinthehumanpopulationisitselfsystematic.Humansthinkincategories:blackandwhite,upanddown,leftandright.It'sasystemofsignsthatenablesustocategoriesphenomenathatareessentiallyambiguous.7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.Inthe

1860stheFrenchsurgeonandanthropologist,DrPaulBoca,madetheremarkablefindingthatpatientswhohadlosttheirpowersofspeechasaresultofastroke(abloodclotinthebrain)hadparalysisoftherighthalfoftheirbody.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.

DrBrinkman,abrainresearcherattheAustralian

National

UniversityinCanberra,hassuggestedthatevolutionofspeechwentwithright-handedpreference.1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhentheyfirstdevelopedlanguage.

Shehasobservedthatifaleft-handedpersonisbrain-damagedinthelefthemisphere,therecoveryofspeechisquiteoftenbetterandthisisexplainedbythefactthatleft-handershaveamorebilateralspeechfunction.4.Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.TwoAmericanresearchers,GeschwindandGalaburda,studiedthebrainsofhumanembryosanddiscoveredthattheleft-rightasymmetryexistsbeforebirth.6.Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbeforebirth.Moreover,agirl'sbraindevelopssomewhatfasterthanthatofaboy.So,ifsomethinghappenstothebrain'sdevelopmentduringpregnancy,itismorelikelytobeaffectedinamaleandthehemispheremorelikelytobeinvolvedistheleft.3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.

However,whatisalarming,accordingtoMr.CharlesMoore,awriterandjournalist,isthewaytheword‘right’reinforcesitsownvirtue.Subliminallyhesays,languagetellspeopletothinkthatanythingontherightcanbetrustedwhileanythingontheleftisdangerousorevensinister.2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.

2.雙方都是長句子方法：A劃出題目中的定位詞，定位到段落。B劃出選項(xiàng)中的定位詞，逐段進(jìn)行配對。例題：劍七T2P3Q36-39劍七T2P3Q36-39Questions36-39

Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A—J,below.

Writethecorrectletter,A—J,inboxes36-39onyouranswersheet.

36Constructionoffootbridges,stepsandhandrails

37FrequentbreakdownofbusesandtrucksinMakete38Theimprovementofsecondaryroadsandpaths

39TheisolationofMaketeforpartoftheyear

AprovidedthepeopleofMaketewithexperienceinrunningbusandtruckservices.

Bwasespeciallysuccessfulinthenorthernpartofthedistrict.

Cdifferedfromearlierphasesinthatthecommunitybecamelessactivelyinvolved.

Dimprovedpathsusedfortransportupanddownhillsides.

Ewasnolongeraproblemoncetheroadshadbeenimproved.

Fcostlessthanlocallymadewheelbarrows.

Gwasdoneonlyattherequestoflocalpeoplewhowerewillingtolendahand.

HwasatfirstconsideredbyMIRTPtobeaffordableforthepeopleofthedistrict.

Ihinderedattemptstomaketheexistingtransportservicesmoreefficient.

JwasthoughttobethemostimportantobjectiveofPhaseIII.Mostgoodsweretransportedalongthepathsthatprovideshort-cutsupanddownthehillsides,butthepathswerearealsafetyriskandmadethejourneyonfootevenmorearduous.Itmadesensetoimprovethepathsbybuildingsteps,handrailsandfootbridges.

36Constructionoffootbridges,stepsandhandrailsDimprovedpathsusedfortransportupanddownhillsides.

Theeffortstoimprovetheefficiencyoftheexistingtransportserviceswerenotverysuccessfulbecausemostofthemotorizedvehiclesinthedistrictbrokedownandtherewerenoresourcestorepairthem.37FrequentbreakdownofbusesandtrucksinMaketeIhinderedattemptstomaketheexistingtransportservicesmoreefficientPathsandsecondaryroadswereimprovedonlyattherequestofcommunitieswhowerewillingtoparticipateinconstructionandmaintenance.38TheimprovementofsecondaryroadsandpathsGwasdoneonlyattherequestoflocalpeoplewhowerewillingtolendahand.

Theroadimprovementsandaccompanyingmaintenancesystemhadhelpedmakethedistrictcentreaccessiblethroughouttheyear.39TheisolationofMaketeforpartoftheyearEwasnolongeraproblemoncetheroadshadbeenimproved.

練習(xí)：劍五T2P2Q24-273.段落配信息題

方法：劃出定位詞，以段落為單位，讀完一段話，返回來瀏覽一遍定位詞，如果有對應(yīng)內(nèi)容就選，沒有就不選例題：劍六T1P2Q14-17Question14-17Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

Writethecorrectletter,A—I，inboxes14—17.

14.asuggestionforimprovementtradeinthefuture

15.theeffectoftheintroductionofelectronicdelivery

16.thesimilarcostinvolvedintransportingaproductfrom

abroadorfromalocalsupplier

17.theweakeningrelationshipbetweenthevalueofgoodsandthecostoftheirdelivery

14.asuggestionforimprovementtradeinthefuture

最后一段I

InAmericatheperiodofhugeproductivitygainsintransportationmaybealmostover,butinmostcountriestheprocessstillhasfartogo.Stateownershipofrailwaysandairlines,regulationoffreightratesandtolerationofanti-competitivepractices,suchascargo-handlingmonopolies,allkeepthecostofshippingunnecessarilyhighanddeterinternationaltrade.Bringingthesebarriersdownwouldhelptheworld'seconomiesgrowevencloser.

15.theeffectoftheintroductionofelectronicdelivery

F

Thisisevenmoretrueofthefast-growinginformationindustries.Filmsandcompactdiscscostlittletotransport,evenbyaeroplane.Computersoftwarecanbe"exported"wi