2024年北京豐臺區(qū)高二（上）期中英語（A卷）試題及答案

2024北京豐臺高二（上）期中英語（A卷）考試時(shí)間：90分鐘筆試（共三部分100分）第一部分知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Backin2008,IwasteachingConceptsofFitnessinahighschool.Attheendofoneclass,IchattedwithDavidGale,aseniorhighjumper,abouthowtoimprovehis1andhowmotivationplayedanimportantroleinone’sachievement.He,outoftheblue,askedmewhatwouldhappenifhebroketheschoolrecord.Not2ofhispassionanddetermination,Ipausedforamoment,butthenpromisedthatIwouldpainthisnameonthewallofourclassroom.HewasveryexcitedandsuggestedthatIgopurchasethepaint.Nothingmorewasmentionedaboutthe3untiltwoweekslater,theyoungwarriorranintotheclassroomwithahugesmileonhisface.“Ididit!Ibroketherecord!”heshoutedasIwasgatheringinformationto4whatIhadpromisedhim.Ijoinedinwiththehigh-fivesandfistbumps5him.Thenextday,itwasdone!G-A-L-E.Hugeblueletterswithwhiteedges,theschoolcolors.Icouldseehisexcitementevensurpassedthesuccessitself.Actually,hiscoachsaidthewallwaspartofthe6tobreaktherecord.Whathappenednextwastotallyamazing.Manystudents,evenfromotherclasses,sawthenameonthewalland7howthey,too,couldbeconsideredforthewall.Withtheenormous8,Ihadtoaddmorenamestothewall,andmorethan100namesappearedthereinthefollowing10years.Manyfolksadmittedtheywouldnothave9whattheydidifthewallhadn’tbeenpartofthereward.Moreimportantly,allthosewhosteppedfarbeyondtheircomfortzonehelpedsetthe10higher.1.health2.proud3.promiseB.performanceB.afraidC.talentknowledgefondC.certainC.suggestionB.recordnews4.describe5.encouraging6.excitement7.inquired8.B.recallC.explainC.congratulatingC.creativityC.insistedC.stresspictureB.admiringB.confidenceB.expectedB.experienceB.achievedB.stagegreetingmotivationD.doubtedresponsedisplayedD.tone9.adjusted10.paceC.examinedC.goal第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AWhenIlivedinBoston,ItaughtEnglishasasecondlanguagetoadultstudentsfromaroundtheworld.Onthelastday,they(throw)aniceparty.IwasamazedtheyhadlearnedenoughEnglishtoorganizesuchaneventaltogether.Attheendtheparty,theyproudlyhandedmeagiftbox.Aftertheboxwasopened,I12(gentle)liftedabeautifulcoatfromit.“Wewentshoppingforacoat!”theyallshouted13wonderfullyperfectEnglish.BInearlyNovemberin2023,adiver,14(swim)offthecoastofSardinia,noticedpiecesofmetalontheoceanfloor.Hecalledtheauthoritiesandmoredivers15(send)tolook.ThepiecesturnedouttobeancientRomancoins.Thecoinsmostlylayburiedinsandandseagrassnotfarfromthecoast.Itissaidthatmorethan30,000coinshavebeenfound,16arecloseto2,000yearsold.Expertscallthisamajorhistorical17(discover).CChatGPTisachatbot.Someschools18(ban)itsinceitsbirth.Theyneedtimetomakerulesabout19it’stobeusedproperlyinclass.Someteachersseeitasacheatingtool.Butmanyprincipalsbelieveit’stoolatetoAIoutofclassrooms.AgrowingnumberofeducatorssaythepanicaboutAIisalotlikethepanic20(cause)bytheInternetwhenitwasnew.Oneofthemsays,“ChatGPTistoEnglishandtowritingwhatthecalculatoristomath.”第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADearColleague,IwritingwithinformationaboutBACUniversitySummerfourexcitingprogramsforhighschoolstudents.Theseprogramsprovidetheopportunitytostudyataworld-renownedstrengthenEnglish-languageskillsandenjoysummerinBoston.Hereisabriefoverviewourprograms:HighSchoolHonorsisasix-weekresidentialonlineprograminwhichstudentstakeBACUniversityundergraduatecoursesandearnupto8transferablecollegecredits.StudentsmustbeenteringGrades10-12infall2024.AcademicImmersion(AIM)isathree-weeknon-creditresidentialprogramforstudentstofocusintensivelyonasingleacademictopic.ThissummerweareofferingthreeAIMtracks:IntroductiontoExperimentalIntroductiontoMedicine,andCreativeAllthreetrackscombineclassroomwithhands-onexperientiallearningactivities.StudentsmustbeenteringGradeorGrade12infall2024.SummerChallengeisatwo-weekresidentialoronlineprograminwhichstudentstaketwonon-creditseminarstheirchoiceandexperiencecollegelife.StudentsmustenteringGrade12infall2024.Summerisaone-weeknon-creditresidentialprograminwhichstudentsexploreonesubjectofinterestwhilepreviewingthecollegeexperience.StudentsmustenteringGrade9orGrade10infall2024.OurSummerprogramsprovidestudentswithrigorousandcollaborativecollegelifeexperiencesthatenablethemtogainastrongsenseoftheirpersonalandacademicpotential.Everyourstudentsformstrongfriendshipsastheyundertakechallengingcourseworkandparticipateinsocialevents.Ihaveenclosedaposterandaprogrambrochure.Ihopeyouwillsharethisinformationwithyourstudents.Pleasefeelfreetocontactusviaemailsummerhs@ifhaveanyquestionsaboutourprograms.AmandaNelsonAssociateDirectorBACUniversitySummer21.AGradestudentinfall2024whoprefersonlineprogramscouldchoose________.A.HighSchoolHonorsC.SummerChallengeB.AcademicImmersionD.SummerPreview22.Accordingtothepassage,studentscan________.A.getatleast8transferablecreditsHighSchoolHonorsB.gainbothknowledgeandpracticalexperienceinAIMC.earncreditsfromthecoursesinSummerChallengeD.engageinin-depthresearchinSummerPreview23.Amandapurposeinwritingtheletter?A.evaluateasummercamp.B.comparelearningprojects.C.promotepre-collegeprograms.recommenduniversitycourses.BMarkBrown,57,hadbeenmakingfilmsfor30years,hefoundhimselffeelingtiredofit.“Ithought,thingscanonlygodownhill.”Brownknewheneededtodosomethingelse—what?Afewyearshehadboughthischildhoodhouseandmovedin.WhileBrownwonderedaboutasecondcareeringardening,heheardainternalvoice.“Thatchildwhousedtolovedrawingwhisperedtomedowntheyears,”said.Someunacknowledgedlonginginhimwasbroughtout.Therewasagreatoaktreenearhishome.Ithadstoodouttohisyoungselfasa“fantasticalgiant—atreasurehometobirds,insectsandanimals.Therewasacaveinside.usedtosqueezeinthroughthishole.”Hedecidedtolockhimselfawayfortwomonthstodrawitinallitsgloriousdetail.“WhileIwasdrawing,”hesaid,“therecamemomentswhenitwasasthoughthetreewasdrawingitself.Ihadspentsomuchtimeplayinginit.Icouldfeelit.Itwasdeepinsideme.”Hisfinishedoakheld“arealpower”,hesaid.“Asyouwalktowardsit,justgrows.”Brownbecameatreeportraitist.Overthenextfewyears,hetravelledacrossBritainandspentdayswiththetreesselectedwiththehelptheAncientForum,theCouncilandtheBrownhasstartedworkona20-drawingseriesofmostimportantashtrees.“Thesebeautifuloldashtreesaregoingtobelosttous,”hesays.“Theyareyearsandtheyaredyingbecauseofadiseasethatwe’vespread.”Drawingisnotonlyanactofcareandademandforpreservation,butit“givesmethatinterfacebetweenmypassionforthenaturalworldandmyBrownsays.Ithasalsogivenhimadifferentperspectiveonthepassageoftime.“I’manoldmanyetI’monly71,andsomeofthetreesI’vedrawnare1,000yearsold.WhenI’mwiththemandwhenIdrawthem,Ithinkabouttheendofmylifeandthebriefnatureofhumanlifethatpassesmomentarilybeneaththem.”24.Attheageof57,Brown________.A.movedintohisoldhouseC.reachedthepeakoflifeB.awakenedachildhoodinterestD.developedapassionforgardening25.WhatcanwelearnabouttheoaktreeandBrown?A.IthelpedhimstartanewB.Itlinkedhimwiththeworld.C.builtatreehouseinit.26.WhatisBrownworkingon?A.Settingtreeorganizations.D.studiedcreaturesinit.B.Lookingforcuresfortreediseases.C.Drawingtocallforprotectionfortrees.D.toselectimportanttreesinBritain.27.WhenBrowniswithtrees,feelsthat________.A.timeisendlessB.humanlifeistemporaryC.natureisdynamicD.life-longlearningiscrucialCWhenwe’resolvingacomplicatedproblem,weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm.lookingtogetthebestideasasquicklypossible.Iloveseeingithappen—exceptfortinywrinkle.Groupbrainstormingusuallybackfires.Extensiveevidenceshowsthatwhenwegenerateideaswe’reunlikelytomaximizecollectiveintelligence.AsthehumouristJohnSmithsaid,“Ifyoutoinoneword,thereasonwhythehumanracehasnotachieved,andneverwillachieve,itsfullpotential,thatwordwouldbe:‘meetings’.”Buttheproblemmeetingshowwerunthem.Thinkaboutthebrainstormingsessionsyou’veattended.probablyseenpeoplebitetheirtonguesduetoegothreat(“Iwanttolookstupid.”),noisealltalkatonce.”),andcomformitypressurealljumpontheship!”).Goodbyediversityofthought,hellogroupthink.unearththehiddenpotentialinteams,insteadofbrainstorming,we’rebettershiftingtoaprocesscalled“brainwriting”.Theinitialstepsaresolo.startbyaskingeveryonetogenerateideasNext,youpoolthemandsharethemamongthegroup.preserveindependentjudgment,eachmemberevaluatesthemontheirown.Onlythendoestheteamcometogethertoselectandrefinethemostpromisingoptions.Bydevelopingandassessingideasindividuallybeforechoosingthem,teamscansurfaceandadvancepossibilitiesthatmightnotattentionotherwise.ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviourscholarAnitaandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.Theyfindthatakeytocollectiveintelligenceisfullandfairparticipation.Inbrainstormingmeetings,tooeasyforparticipationtobecomelopsidedinfavourofthebiggestegos,theloudestvoices,andthemostpowerfulpeople.Thebrainwritingprocessmakessurethatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintotheconversation.goaltobethesmartestpersoninthetomaketheroomCollectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualitendthere.Individualsproduceagreatervolumeandvarietyofnovelideaswhentheyworkalone.Thatmeansthattheycomeupwithmorebrilliantideasthangroups—butalsomoreterribleideasgroups.Ittakescollectivejudgmenttofindthesignalinthenoiseandbringthebestideastofruition.28.BothJohnSmithandtheauthormayagreethatbrainstormingmeetingsfailto________.A.assesspotentialC.acceptpossiblegoodideasB.simplifyproblemsquicklyD.getthemostoutofindividuals29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)opsided”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?Informal.B.Unbalanced.C.D.Unpleasant.30.Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto________.A.challengeaconclusionC.introducearesearchB.makeacomparisonD.advocateapracticeDClimateexpertsarehavingadebate:theyareaskingwhethertheUKshouldfocusmoreonadaptingtoclimatechangeortryingtopreventit.DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarthappearscertaintoheatup.Despitethemanypolicieswhichattempttostopclimatechange,itseemsunavoidablethattheworldwillpassthe1.5℃or℃increasesinaverageglobaltemperaturethatarelikelytoinducelargechangesintheclimate.DavidFrostisrightinthatoureconomiesaregrowingsomuchslowerthanwehadanticipated.Ouremissionscandropifwereduceemissionsunitwecreate—buttheycanalsodropiftheislower.Lowergrowthmeansitismorefeasible(可行的)forustoachievetargetssuchasNetZero,butitalsomakesitlessenvironmentallyurgenttoachievethosetargetssosoon,becauseweareandhavebeenemittingalotlesscarbonthanwehadanticipated.TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentireextinctionthehumanrace.However,themainstreamviewmanyscientistsandeconomists,whoworkonclimatechange,isthatglobalwarmingcouldleadtolargechangesinourenvironment.Significantpartsoftheworldcurrentlyheavilypopulatedcouldbecomeeffectivelyuninhabitablewhileotherpartscurrentlyunsuitableforhigh-densityhumanhabitationwouldbecomemorehabitable.Meanwhile,athighertemperaturesbothclimateandweatherarelikelytobecomemorevolatile—includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents.Thesewouldbesignificantchanges,butitwouldbeperfectlyfeasibleforhumanstoadapttothem.Theissueisnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpracticalterms.Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsit?Arewewillingtoacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfulandofnewspeciesyettoevolve?wewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesalargeshiftinthepatternsofhumanhabitationacrosstheworld?Itisbynomeansclearonwhatbasisweoughttoethnicallyprivilegetheplantsandanimalsthatflourishundertoday’sclimateoverthosethatwouldflourishunderawarmer,morevolatileclimate.However,adaptationwillbefeasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.Slowergrowthandthusslowerclimatechangeoughttomakegreatereffortsadaptationmoreattractive.31.Accordingtothepassage,whohesitate(s)toadapttotheclimatechange?A.Thegovernment.C.DavidFrost.B.Climateexperts.D.Theactivists.32.Theunderlinedword“volatile”inParagraph5probablymeans________.A.changeableB.predictableC.bearableD.noticeable33.ThequestionsinParagraph6aremainlyaimedat________.A.expressingdoubtsaboutadaptabilityB.presentingexamplesoffutureclimatepatternsC.highlightingtheconsequencesofhumanactivitiesD.helpingpeopledecideontheiropennesstoadaptation34.Whichthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.SlowingclimatechangedeservesgreatB.Globalwarmingispreventabletosomeextent.C.Adaptationtoclimatechangeisbeyondquestion.D.Protectionofthecurrentspeciesshouldbeprioritized.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。humansarecomparisoncreatures.35Thisqualitymayhaveevolvedasameansofhelpingusfitintothesocialhierarchy(等級)oftheculturesweinhabited.Regardlessofthereasons,socialcomparisonplaysasignificantroleinhowweviewandevaluateourselves,andhowweinteractwithourworld.Itusedtobethatourprimaryreferenceofcomparisonwasourlocalcommunities,primarilyneighborsandco-workers.Becausewetendtogatheraroundthosesimilartoourselvesintermsofeducationallevel,workincome,andsharedinterests,therangeofdifferenceswhenwecomparedourselvestootherswasfairlysmall.withtheoftheInternet,wecancompareourselvestoliterallyanyoneintheworld.36Whathadinpreviousgenerationsbeenasmallgapinourcomparisonshasbecomeandunattainable.37WhensomanypeoplethatareeasilydiscoverableontheInternetseemtososuccessful,famous,influentialandbeautiful,givenourpreferencetocompare,itisnottohaveitinfluencehowweviewourselves.thesecomparisonsusuallyresultinourfeelinginadequateand“l(fā)essthan”.Theseharmfulcomparisonsalsodamageouremotionallives.Whenwefeellacking,weexperienceavarietyofunpleasantandunhealthyemotions.feeljealousyandenvyforwhatothershaveandwhatwelack.38thingtorealizethatyoucompareyourselftoothers.anotherthingtorecognizethatsocialcomparisonisoftencorrosive(逐步侵蝕的)toyouinsomanywayspsychologicallyandanentirelyotherthingtostopyourselffromcomparingyourselftoothers.39A.areconstantlymeasuringourselvesagainstotherpeople.B.itispossible,anditisworththeforyourmentalhealth.C.Thus,wearenowexposedtogroupsthatarequitefromus.D.believethatthereissomethingwrongwithuscomparedtoothers.E.canevenfeelbitternessandangeratothersfortheunfairnessofall.Comparingourselvesothershasthepotentialtoincreaseourlifeexperience.G.Thisnewlevelcomparisonhashugeimplicationsforourpsychologicallives.第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；共10分）閱讀下面文段，在設(shè)空處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。40.TheproblemwasthatIlackedconfidenceinmyself.JenkinsmefeelthatIhadmyown__________.41.Thethingaboutbeingateacheristhatyouhave__________tomindswhentheyareopenandeagertolearn.42.Onthesurface,Ihaveanactivesociallife.IattendpartiesandplaysportsbutI’malways__________.Theysaythatphonesbringpeopleclosertogetherbutinmymindisalwaysamillionmiles43.Afewdaysago,Iwentoutforadinnerget-togetherwithsomefriends.Somespentthedinnerbentovertheirphones,textingfriendsonlinebut__________theoneswhosatrightinfrontofthem.44.Foralotofpeople,becomingamillionaireisa__________ofsuccessandtheysetthisastheirultimategoal.45.Iamlivingaccordingtomyvalues.Successisnot__________byhowmuchmoneyyouhavebutbyhowyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife.46.Canthisbeoverdone?Butifyourdreamistobethebestandreachtheplatform,youhadbetterbetotally__________toyoursport.47.Infact,over90percentofallspeciesthateverlivedarenow__________.Inthelast500millionyears,therehavebeenfivetimeslifeonEarthhasalmostended.48.Thereisalonglistofreasonswhysomanyspeciesaredyingout:airandwaterpollution,forestsbeing__________,factoryfarmingandoverfishing.49.needtotakestepstosave__________species,includingsettingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected.第二節(jié)（共2小題；第50題3分，第51題5分，共8分）閱讀下面文段，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Smartphoneshavebecomeabigpartoflives.Whenwetemporarilyfindthem,itcausesafeelingofanxietyorpanic.Somepsychologistshavecalledit“nomophobia”.Irodethroughthewithdrawalofmysmartphoneanditwasshort-lived.WhenIgotmyfirstsmartphoneoveradecadeago,Ilovedit.Itgavemeinstantaccesstomymusic,aworldinformationandthousandsofphotosandvideos.Butovertime,Ibecameincreasinglyambivalentaboutitsroleinmylife.Iwouldrepeatedlyrefreshmyemail,shoponlineforIneedandconstantlyscrollthroughthelatestnews.I’doftencomplaintohusbandandtomyseven-year-oldson,Louis,thatIfelttrappedbyit.Then,onedaylastwhileIwasplayingwithLouis,Iwasonceagaindistractedbydingsandpings.Hefinallyremindedofmycomplaints,butrephrasedthemaplea:justgiveitupalready!”IdecidedtoInsteadofgoingcoldturkey—nocellphoneatall—Iboughtaflipphone.notouchscreen,textingistime-consuming.Once,whiletryingtocatchupontextswithafriend,IfinallyfrustratedandcalledIrealizedIspokentohersinceherbigmove.Itadifferencetohearboththeexcitementinhervoiceasshedescribedseeingthenorthernlightsandsadnessinbeingawayfromasickparent