專題10動(dòng)詞四大時(shí)態(tài)-小學(xué)語(yǔ)法（附口訣練習(xí)和答案）

小學(xué)語(yǔ)法小學(xué)語(yǔ)法精講精練專題10時(shí)態(tài)思考引入思考引入 同學(xué)同學(xué)們,想跟老師一起來一趟時(shí)空之旅嗎?想!我們真的可以穿越時(shí)空嗎?想!我們真的可以穿越時(shí)空嗎?當(dāng)然不是真的穿越時(shí)空啦!當(dāng)然不是真的穿越時(shí)空啦!老師說的是我們這節(jié)課要學(xué)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)吧。哈哈!是的,我說的"時(shí)空之旅"就是跟隨動(dòng)詞形式變化進(jìn)行的時(shí)態(tài)之旅。我們可以通過動(dòng)詞的不同形式來體現(xiàn)不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),可以從中體驗(yàn)過去、現(xiàn)在、未來發(fā)生的各種趣事!哈哈!是的,我說的"時(shí)空之旅"就是跟隨動(dòng)詞形式變化進(jìn)行的時(shí)態(tài)之旅。我們可以通過動(dòng)詞的不同形式來體現(xiàn)不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),可以從中體驗(yàn)過去、現(xiàn)在、未來發(fā)生的各種趣事!知識(shí)概覽知識(shí)概覽知識(shí)精講知識(shí)精講一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性、永久性的或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)。1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)①主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+表語(yǔ)IamChinese.我是中國(guó)人。②主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形/第三人稱單數(shù)形式(+其他)Ilikeswimming.我喜歡游泳。③主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(+其他)Icanfinishmyworktoday.我今天可以完成我的工作。(2)否定結(jié)構(gòu)①主語(yǔ)+amnot/isn't/aren't+表語(yǔ)Sheisn'tanurse.她不是護(hù)士。②主語(yǔ)+don't/doesn't+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(+其他)Idon'tlikebananas.我不喜歡香蕉。③主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(+其他)Weshouldn'truntheredlight.我們不應(yīng)該闖紅燈。(3)一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)①Is/Are+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)Areyouadoctor?你是醫(yī)生嗎?②Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(+其他)Doyouwanttoplaybasketball?你想打籃球嗎?③情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(+其他)Canyoujumpfar,Sam?山姆，你能跳得很遠(yuǎn)嗎?(4)特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句句式Whatcanyoudo?你會(huì)做什么?Whoisyourfather?你的父親是誰?Whendoesheusuallygotoschool?他通常什么時(shí)候上學(xué)?2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法(1)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Itakeawalkafterdinnereveryday.我每天晚飯后散步。Sheusuallygoestoschoolonfoot.她通常步行上學(xué)。(2)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理Thesunrisesintheeast.太陽(yáng)從東方升起。Oneplustwomakesthree.一加二等于三。(3)表示主語(yǔ)的性格、特征、能力等Sheworkshard.她工作很努力。Thechildrendancewell.孩子們跳舞跳得很好。3.動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式(1)動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形即動(dòng)詞本身的形式。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一、二人稱或第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。lgotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.我周一到周五去上學(xué)。Theyplaysoccerafterschooleveryday.他們每天放學(xué)后都會(huì)踢足球。(2)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Hestudiesmatheveryday.他每天學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。②動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加Srun→runsplay→plays以s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，pass→passes

teach→teachesbox→boxes

wash→washes詞尾加esgo→goesdo→does以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)

詞，變y為i,再加esstudy→studiestry→tries特殊變化的動(dòng)詞be→am/is/arehave→has熱身小練①變一變。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示變換下列句子的形式。1.Ihaveapingpongball.(變?yōu)榉穸ň?__________________________________________________2.Sheisagoodteacher.(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?__________________________________________________3.Iwanttogotothecinema.(將主語(yǔ)改為He)__________________________________________________答案：1.Idon'thaveapingpongball.2.Issheagoodteacher?3.Hewantstogotothecinema.二、一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過去的時(shí)間連用。1.一般過去時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)①主語(yǔ)+was/were+表語(yǔ)Iwashappyyesterday.我昨天很開心。②主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過去式(+其他)IwenttoBeijinglastweekend.我上周末去了北京。(2)否定結(jié)構(gòu)①主語(yǔ)+wasn't/weren't+表語(yǔ)Iwasn'tathomeyesterday.我昨天不在家。②主語(yǔ)+didn't+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(+其他)Ididn'tgotoschoolyesterday.我昨天沒去上學(xué)。(3)一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)①Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)Washeathomeyesterday?他昨天在家嗎?②Did+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(+其他)Didyougotoschoolyesterday?你昨天上學(xué)了嗎?(4)特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句句式Wherewashelastyear?去年他在哪里?Whatdidhedoyesterday?他昨天做了什么?2.一般過去時(shí)的用法(1)表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Isawhimintheparkyesterday.昨天我在公園看見他了。(2)表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Maryalwayswenttoschoolonfootlastyear.去年瑪麗總是步行上學(xué)。(3)表示主語(yǔ)過去的特征或性格Hewasashyboywhenhewasyoung.他小時(shí)候是個(gè)害羞的男孩。3.動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)形式：動(dòng)詞的過去式動(dòng)詞過去式的變化規(guī)則一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加edwatch→watchedplay→played以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，詞尾加ddance→danced

live→liveduse→used

close→closed以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i,再加edstudy→studied

cry→criedtry→tried

carry→carried以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加edplan→planned

shop→shoppedstop→stopped

chat→chatted特殊變化的動(dòng)詞be→was/were

go→wenthave→had

do→did熱身小練②變一變。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示變換下列句子的形式。1.Shewasverypoor.(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?____________________________________________2.Ihadbreadandmilkforbreakfast.(變?yōu)榉穸ň?____________________________________________3.Iwenttothelibraryyesterday.(對(duì)句子畫線部分提問)____________________________________________答案：1.Wassheverypoor?2.Ididn'thavebreadandmilkforbreakfast.3.Whendidyougotothelibrary?三、一般將來時(shí)1.一般將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)①主語(yǔ)+will+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(+其他)IwillgotoSanyatomorrow.我明天要去三亞。②主語(yǔ)+am/is/aregoingto+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(+其他)Wearegoingtohaveaparty.我們打算舉辦一個(gè)聚會(huì)。(2)否定結(jié)構(gòu)①主語(yǔ)+willnot(=won't)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(+其他)IwillnotgotoHongKongthisweek.我這周末不會(huì)去香港。②主語(yǔ)+am/is/arenotgoingto+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(+其他)Iamnotgoingtoplaygames.我不打算玩游戲。(3)一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)①Will+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(+其他)Willyougoshoppingtomorrow?你明天要去購(gòu)物嗎?②Is/Are+主語(yǔ)+goingto+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(+其他)Areyougoingtoplaybasketball?你要去打籃球嗎?(4)特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句句式Whatareyougoingtodo?你打算做什么?Whenwillyougotomorrow?你明天什么時(shí)候去?2.一般將來時(shí)的用法(1)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Iwillgotothemovies.我要去看電影。(2)表示對(duì)未來的計(jì)劃或打算Wearegoingtohaveaclassmeetingthisafternoon.我們今天下午打算開班會(huì)。熱身小練③變一變。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示變換下列句子的形式。1.Theywon'tbelate.(變?yōu)榭隙ň?____________________________________________2.I'mgoingtohaveabirthdayparty.(變?yōu)榉穸ň?____________________________________________3.MymotherisgoingtotakeatraintoShenzhen.(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?____________________________________________答案：1.Theywillbelate.2.I'mnotgoingtohaveabirthdayparty.3.IsyourmothergoingtotakeatraintoShenzhen?四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時(shí))正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞(+其他)Theyaredancingnow.她們正在跳舞。(2)否定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+amnot/isn't/aren't+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞(+其他)Sheisn'tsleeping.她沒在睡覺。(3)一般疑問句：ls/Are+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞(+其他)Aretheyhavingfun?他們玩得開心嗎?(4)特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句句式Whoissinging?誰在唱歌?Whatareyoudoing?你在做什么?2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作I'mlisteningtomusicnow.我正在聽音樂。(2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作Sheisstudyinghardthisterm.她這學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)一直很努力。3.動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式：動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ingwatch→watchingplay→playing以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)dance→dancinguse→using詞，去e加inglive→livingclose→closing以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉

音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，

再加ingplan→planning

shop→shoppingstop→stopping

chat→chatting以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ie為y,再

加ingdie→dyinglie→lying熱身小練④變一變。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示變換下列句子的形式。1.Myfatherisreading.(變?yōu)榉穸ň?____________________________________________2.Mymomandgrandmaarecooking.(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?____________________________________________3.Heisplayingwiththelittledog.(對(duì)句子畫線部分提問)____________________________________________答案：1.Myfatherisn'treading.2.Areyourmomandgrandmacooking?3.Whatishedoing?知識(shí)精練知識(shí)精練一、單選題()1．Mygrandpa________strong.Nowheisweak.A．is B．does C．was()2．—Whatareyoudoing?

—Iam________acard.A．makes B．making C．make()3．Yesterdaywe________apairofrunnersandaTshirtforLiMing.A．buy B．bought C．isbuying()4．Fromthenon,SamandTina______goodfriends.A．bee B．beed C．became()5．Jimoften_____forawalkafterdinner.Butyesterdayhe_____.A．go;doesn’t B．goes;didn’t C．went;didn’t D．went;doesn’t()6．Mikehelpshismotherathomeand______wellatschooltoo.A．do B．did C．does()7．—Howoften_______sheexercise?—Twiceaweek.A．do B．does C．doing D．did()8．We_______anydancingclassesonFriday.A．a(chǎn)rehaving B．a(chǎn)ren’thaving C．don’thave D．a(chǎn)rehave()9．Heoften_______supperat6:00intheevening.A．have B．has C．ishaving D．iseating()10．Thelion_____thenetwithhisteeth,butthatdidn’t_____.A．bite;help B．bit;help C．bit;helped()11．—____didyou____lastweek?—Ivisitedmygrandmother.A．Where;do B．Where;go C．What;do D．What;go()12．Themouse______thelion_______outfromthenetatlast.A．help;got B．help;get C．helped;got D．helped;get()13．—Whatcolour_____you_____thisdesk?—I_____itpink.A．a(chǎn)re;goingtopaint;amgoingtopaintB．do;paint;paintC．did;paint;painted()14．—_______hegoingtoHongKongnextweek?—No,he_______.A．Does;doesn't B．Is;isn't C．Will;won't()15．—WillyourparentsgotoHongKongnextyear?—No,_____.A．theywon’t B．theydon’t C．theyaren’t()16．What______theboys______dothisafternoon?A．is;going B．a(chǎn)re;going C．a(chǎn)re;goingto()17．________thechildrengoingtohaveapartyorwatchafilmforMike’sbirthday?A．Are B．Was C．will()18．Thechildrenare______carefully,buttheycan’t______anything.A．listening;hear B．listening;listen C．hearing;hear()19．—WhereisDan?—He__________intheplayground.He__________thereeverymorning.A．runs;runs B．isrunning;runs C．isrunning;isrunning()20．—Mikeis_______hisyellowTshirtinhisbedroom.—OK.Helikes_______yellow.A．wearing;puttingon B．puttingon;wearing C．wearing;wearing D．having;in()21．—Howistheweathertoday?—It’s_____.Look!It’s_____heavilynow.A．rain,rain B．rainy,raining C．rainy,rainy D．raining,rainy()22．Don’tspeak.He______thechildrenstories.A．tells B．telling C．istelling D．tell()23．—__________didyougotoNanjing?—I__________toNanjingbycar.A．How;go B．Where;went C．How;went D．Where;go()24．Twentyyearsago,Mike’sfather___________thetelephone___________people.A．used;called B．use;call C．used;tocall()25．Anniewithherfriends________watchafilminthecinemathedayaftertomorrow.A．isgoingto B．a(chǎn)regoingto C．goesto D．goto()26．I________Mumacardonherlastbirthday,butI________onethisyear.A．buy;made B．a(chǎn)mgoingtobuy;amgoingtomake C．bought;amgoingtomake()27．There________afashionshowthisweekend.Shallwegotowatchittogether?A．willhave B．willbe C．isgoingto D．isgoingtohave()28．Itis________now.Itoften________hereinspring.A．raining;rainy B．raining;rains C．rained;rainy()29．John________kitesintheparklastnight.Heoften________kitesatweekends.A．flying;flies B．flew;flies C．fly;flew()30．—What's_______dream?—He_______tobeateacher.A．his;want B．his;wants C．he's;wants二、用單詞正確形式填空31．Sheusually______(take)ametrotowork.32．Heusually_____(finish)hishomeworkbeforedinner.33．Everyone_________(have)adream.Mydreamistobeadoctor.34．Mikealways_________(have)mealsontime,buthissister_________.(donot).35．MissLiisaquietwoman.Sheoften____(stay)athome.36．MrSmithisaMaths____(teach).He____(teach)Mathswell.37．There’snothinginthebowl.Who____(eat)thenoodlesinit?38．—Why_______theking_______(look)sad?—Becausehecouldn’tseethemagicclothes.39．______Sam______(find)hiskiteyesterday?Yes.40．Theyoungmanwasn’thappybecausehe_______(lose)hisjob.41．We_______(live)inthetownwhenwewere_______(child).42．There______(be)anycoffeeinthefridgeyesterday.43．I_______(visit)mygrandparentsthedayaftertomorrow.44．LiuTaowill_____(watch)afilminthecinema.45．We____(have)apartyatschoolnextweek.46．They_______(move)thefactoryawayfromthetownnextyear.47．—Bignews!We__________(have)afashionshownextweek.—Well,MissLi__________(tell)usyesterday.48．—Who____(fly)thekitethere?—Helenis.49．Look!MissLi____(make)atelephonecalltoherfriend.50．Look!Fourhorses_____(run)overthere51．Thechildren____(swim)now.52．Look,mygrandpa____(learn)tobuygiftsontheInternet.53．People________(buy)manythingsfortheingChineseNewYear.54．Adogbarkedloudlynearmyhouseand_____(wake)meup.55．They_____(brush)theirteethbeforebedtimeeveryday.三、改寫句子56．LiuTaohassomemeatfordinner.(改為一般疑問句)______LiuTao______anymeatfordinner.57．Ibrushmyteethinthemorning.(用YangLing改寫句子)YangLing____________teethinthemorning.58．SuHaidoeswellatschool.(改為否定句)SuHai____________wellatschool.59．Mysisterwantstobeanurse.(改成一般疑問句)________________sister_______tobeanurse?60．Thereweresomeanimalshowsinthepark.(改為否定句)There___________________animalshowsinthepark.61．Ifoundmylostbook.

(改為一般疑問句)_________you_________yourlostbook?62．Mymotherwokemeupthismorning.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)____________youupthismorning?63．Thekingishappytoday.(用twodaysago改寫)Theking__________________twodaysago.64．I’llseeafilmwithHelen.(改為一般疑問句并否定回答)—____________seeafilmwithHelen?—______,____________.65．Thekingiswearingsomeclothes.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)________theking________?66．Theywillbringsomeballoonstotheschooltomorrow.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)_________theydotomorrow?67．Itwascoldandwindythismorning.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)_________wastheweather_________thismorning?68．Tomwilltravelaroundtheworldwithhisfamily.(改為否定句)Tom_________aroundtheworldwithhisfamily.69．I’mgoingtoOceanParkfortheholiday.(改為一般疑問句)_________you_________toOceanParkfortheholiday?70．Mike’sgrandpaatenoodlesyesterdaymorning.(用now改寫句子)Mike’sgrandpa__________noodlesnow.71．Kittyisplayingthepianoattheconcert.(對(duì)畫線部分提問)_______Kitty_______attheconcer