備戰(zhàn)2025年高考二輪復(fù)習(xí) 英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 考點(diǎn)分類練10　主旨大意題（1）（含解析）

考點(diǎn)分類練(十)主旨大意題(1)Passage1(2024福建泉州三模)主題:改造舊飛機(jī)詞數(shù):305難度:★★★☆☆BruceCampbell,aretiredelectricalengineer,wantedtochangethebehaviorofmankindbyshowinghowwecanrecycleoldthingsintonew-andpractical-andlivableones.Forabout$220,000,hepurchasedaGreekairliner—aBoeing727-400—thatloggedabout40,000flightsinitspeak.BeforeCampbellgothishandsonhisBoeing727andtransformeditintotheairplanehomehelivesin,thisaircraftsawregularuseasittransportedallkindsofpeopletoallsortsofdestinations.Afterthesuccessfultransform,hehostedabigDJdancepartywithacoupleoffriends.Theparty,calledTurbulence:ADancePartyata727intheWoods,happenedrightonthewing!Guestswhoattendedthepartyalsogottheopportunitytotakealookattheairplanehome.Overall,theygottheattentionof14,000Metauserswhowereinterestedinwhatsoundedlikeanincredibleparty.Thistalentedengineergotanotherairlinerandstartedonhissecondairplanehomeduringthebeginningof2018ontheKyushuIslandcoastbecausehewantedittoserveasasafeplaceforthelocalcommunityaswell.PartofBruceCampbell’svisionwastomakeanairlinerthatdoubledasalifeboatincasetsunami(海嘯)threatswereissued.Hewantedthegeneralpublictofindoutthatplanesarecapableofsurvivinghundredsofyearsandthecruelestweatherconditionsthankstoitssealedpressuretechnology.Campbelladoredtheexcitementthathereceivedwhenherecycledairplanesandhopedthatpeoplewouldseriouslyconsideritaftertheygotthechancetoseehishomeduringtoursandevents.Hehaspostedonhiswebsitethatitishisgoalto“inspirearenaissance(復(fù)興)ofthoughtabouthowtoemploythisremarkableresource”.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了一位退休的電氣工程師BruceCampbell把舊飛機(jī)改造成家的故事。1.WhatdrewwidepublicattentiontoCampbell’sfirsttransformedplane?A.Itshighresidentialcomfortlevel.B.Itsremarkabletransportingcapacity.C.Theincrediblyhightransformationcost.D.TheMetapostofapartyheldonit.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,Meta上舉辦派對(duì)的帖子吸引了公眾對(duì)Campbell第一架改裝飛機(jī)的廣泛關(guān)注,故選D項(xiàng)。2.WhatdidCampbellthinkthesecondplanecouldserveas?A.Atsunamiwarningcenter.B.Ameetingplaceforlocalcommunity.C.Atemporaryshelterindisasters.D.Anengineeringworkshop.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thistalentedengineergotanotherairlinerandstartedonhissecondairplanehome...incasetsunamithreatswereissued.”可知,Campbell認(rèn)為第二架飛機(jī)可以用作災(zāi)難中的臨時(shí)避難所,故選C項(xiàng)。3.WhydidCampbelltransformtheplanes?A.Todirectattentiontohousingproblems.B.Tosatisfyhisscientificcuriosity.C.Toadvocateagreenerlifestyle.D.Tocallforparticipationinrecycling.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段和最后一段內(nèi)容可知,Campbell改造飛機(jī)是為了呼吁市民參與循環(huán)再造。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Aformerengineerturningretiredplanesintohome.B.Recenttrendsofrenaissance-themeddecoration.C.Atalentedhomedesignerreceivingonlinefame.D.Diverseapproachesforsustainableliving.答案A解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容,結(jié)合第一段“BruceCampbell,aretiredelectricalengineer,wantedtochangethebehaviorofmankindbyshowinghowwecanrecycleoldthingsintonew-andpractical-andlivableones.”可知,文章主要介紹了一位退休的電氣工程師BruceCampbell把舊飛機(jī)改造成家的故事,A項(xiàng)“一位前工程師把退役的飛機(jī)變成了家”能夠總結(jié)文章大意。Passage2(2024浙江紹興二模)主題:棄用草書詞數(shù):336難度:★★★☆☆I(lǐng)havealwaysbeenproudofmyhandwriting,askillIwastaughtingradeschool.TheteacherwasteachingusthePalmerPenmanshipMethod,drillingintoustheimportanceofformingbigflowinglineswhenwewroteg’sands’saswellasbeautifulf’sthatinmymindwerelikefairytaleprincesseswearingfancyhatswhileextendingtheirrightfoot.Wewerestrictlyprohibitedfromusingblocklettersonourhomework,astheylackthebeauty.Nowitbecomesapparentthatyoungpeoplenolongerlearncursive(草書).Theytypeeverything,mostlyontheirphones.Beautifulhandwritingisathingofthepast.Thishasbecomeasourceofgreatsadnessamongtraditionalists.Butrecentlysomethinghappenedthatshookmyfaithincursive.Tomycompletedisbelief,notonebuttwoofmyclosefriendscomplainedaboutthehandwritingonmypostcards.TheyweregratefulforthebeautifulpostcardsIregularlysent,buttheysaidtheyhonestlycouldn’treadathingIhadwritten.OnefriendwentsofarastoaskifIcoulduseblocklettersnexttimesothatshecouldunderstandwhatIwaswriting.Initially,Iwasangry.IhadmadetheefforttocoveranentirepostcardwithwhatIviewedasnotjusthandwritingbutcalligraphy.ButthenIshowedanEnglishfriendapostcardI’djustwritten,andhesaidthattheonlythingthatwasreadilyunderstandablewastheletters“U.S.A.”Therestofit,hepolitelysuggested,lookedlike“chickenscrawl”.Lookingatthepostcarddispassionately,Iunwillinglyadmitthathehasapoint.Allthem’sandn’sruntogether,andthel’slooklikel’s.Thea’sareindistinguishablefromtheq’s.So,fromnowon,I’mtakingtheiradviceandusingblockletterstocommunicate.Infact,Ijustnowsentanoldfriendapostcard.Butthistime,Isimplywrote—inbigblockletters:DEARALICE:HI.JOE.Ihopeshegetsthemessage.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從小學(xué)時(shí)對(duì)自己的草書書法感到自豪,到意識(shí)到現(xiàn)代趨勢(shì)使它變得不那么實(shí)用和容易理解的過程。盡管作者的朋友們很欣賞草書的美麗,但看不懂他們手寫的明信片,所以為了清晰起見,他決定改用印刷體。這一轉(zhuǎn)變象征著一個(gè)更廣泛的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變,從手寫交流向打字交流轉(zhuǎn)變,顯示了傳統(tǒng)美感與實(shí)際易讀性之間的斗爭(zhēng)。5.WhatdoweknowaboutthePalmerPenmanshipMethod?A.Itischaracterizedbybigflowinglines.B.Itisrarelyappreciatedbytraditionalists.C.Itwasnotallowedinstudents’homework.D.Itisviewedasatrendinhandwritingstyles.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“TheteacherwasteachingusthePalmerPenmanshipMethod,drillingintoustheimportanceofformingbigflowinglineswhenwewroteg’sands’saswellasbeautifulf’sthatinmymindwerelikefairytaleprincesseswearingfancyhatswhileextendingtheirrightfoot.”可知,帕爾默書法的特點(diǎn)是線條大而流暢。故選A項(xiàng)。6.Whatweakenedthewriter’sbeliefincursive?A.Thepopularityofblocklettersinrecenttimes.B.Theyoungergeneration’sdisinterestincursive.C.Hisfriends’failuretocomprehendhispostcards.D.HisEnglishfriend’ssuggestiononpostcarddesign.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,作者朋友們無(wú)法理解他的明信片削弱了作者對(duì)草書的信念。7.Whydidthewriterswitchtoblocklettersforcommunication?A.Todeliverhismessageclearly.B.Toimprovehishandwritingskills.C.Towinpraisefromhisfriends.D.Toshowhispassionforcalligraphy.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,作者改用大寫字母來(lái)交流是為了清楚地傳達(dá)他的信息。故選A項(xiàng)。8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thewideuseofcursive.B.Thesaddeclineofcursive.C.Thevalueofpreservingcursive.D.Thetechniqueofwritingincursive.答案B解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第二段“Nowitbecomesapparentthatyoungpeoplenolongerlearncursive.Theytypeeverything,mostlyontheirphones.Beautifulhandwritingisathingofthepast.Thishasbecomeasourceofgreatsadnessamongtraditionalists.”可知,文章主要講的是草書可悲的衰落。故選B項(xiàng)。Passage3(2024廣東江門一模)主題:環(huán)境DNA技術(shù)詞數(shù):345難度:★★★★☆Figuringoutbiodiversitypatternsanddetectingrareorjust-good-at-hidingspecieshaslongposedchallengesforecosystemmonitoringandconservationefforts.Traditionalsurveymethodsarelaborintensiveandcoverlimitedareas.Now,emergingenvironmentalDNA(eDNA)techniquesopennewpossibilities.Scientistscollectwaterorsoilsamplesfromanenvironmentandextract(提取)anyDNAtracesleftbehindbyorganisms.ThisistheenvironmentalDNA(eDNA).Theythenuseoneofthetwoanalysismethods—quantitativePCR(qPCR)orDNAsequencing(DNA測(cè)序).Similartovirustests,qPCRisusedtodetectifaspecificspecies’DNAisinthesample.Forexample,researcherstestedriverwatereDNAtoseeifendangeredfishXwaspresent.Whenitwasdetected,theyconfirmedthatthefishlivedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.DNAsequencinganalyzesallDNAinthesampleatonce.ScientistscanthenmatchtheDNAbarcodestodatabasestoidentifywhichspecieswereinthesampledenvironment.AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentifynewspeciesorthoseonlyknownfromphotosandvideosiftheyarenotalreadylistedinthereferencedatabases,therealpowerofitliesinitsabilitytocaptureawiderangeoforganisms.Withjustonesample,scientistscandetectallkindsoflivingthings,frombacteriatowhales,inalmostanyenvironmentwherelifeexists,includingthedeepseaandundergroundcaves.OneofthemostsignificantadvantagesofeDNAsamplingisthatitallowsscientiststodetectspeciesthataredifficulttoseeorcapture.Thisisparticularlyusefulwhenstudyingrareorverysmallspecies,orwhenworkinginenvironmentslikedarkwaterwherevisibilityislimited.Thisisjustthestart.ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdatacouldbecollectedfromthemostremoteoceansbyautonomousvehicles,analyzedbythedroneoronboardaresearchvessel(船艦),andintegratedwithothermonitoringdatasomarinemanagersandthepubliccanseenear-real-timedataabouttheconditionoftheocean.Sciencefiction?Notanymore.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。新的生物多樣性監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)——環(huán)境DNA(eDNA)技術(shù)即將問世,文章對(duì)其進(jìn)行了介紹。9.What’stheauthor’spurposeofmentioningtheexampleinparagraph2?A.ToexplaintheprocessofqPCRanalysismethod.B.TointroducethedefinitionofenvironmentalDNA.C.Totellthedifferencebetweentwoanalysismethods.D.ToshowthesimilaritybetweenqPCRandvirustests.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theythenuseoneofthetwoanalysismethods...livedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.”可知,作者在第二段提到這個(gè)例子的目的是說明qPCR分析方法的過程。10.What’s