2025版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第2部分人與社會(huì)主題群1社會(huì)服務(wù)與人際溝通主題語境4跨文化溝通包容與合作教師用書教案

PAGE主題語境(四)跨文化溝通、包涵與合作閱讀理解A(2024·全國卷Ⅲ·B)ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.“It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(來源)ofinspirationfordesigners，”saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA＋ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(時(shí)尚)shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美學(xué))onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.“Chinaisimpossibletooverlook，”saysHill.“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.”O(jiān)fcourse,notonlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.“VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales，”addsHill.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.“ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers，”shesays.“Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章以國外視角報(bào)道中國文化及中國美學(xué)對(duì)國際時(shí)尚的影響，呈現(xiàn)了中國對(duì)國際時(shí)尚和設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展的引領(lǐng)作用。這篇文章通過在試題情境中融入中國優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和美學(xué)學(xué)問，引導(dǎo)考生在關(guān)注和提高審美情趣的同時(shí)，堅(jiān)決志向信念，增加文化自信，樹立正確的價(jià)值觀。1．WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?A．Itpromotedthesalesofartworks.B．Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.C．ItshowedancientChineseclothes.D．ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.B[推理推斷題。由題干中的theexhibitioninNewYork定位到原文第三段。本段中并沒有提到這次展覽促進(jìn)了藝術(shù)品的銷售，也沒有提到展示了中國古代的服裝，故解除A、C兩項(xiàng)；由“Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance，showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.(此次展覽吸引了破紀(jì)錄的出席者，顯示出人們對(duì)中國影響的深厚愛好)”可知，B項(xiàng)表述正確；由原文中的“...withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaestheticsonWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.(……旨在探究中國美學(xué)對(duì)西方時(shí)尚的影響，以及幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來中國是如何激發(fā)時(shí)尚想象力的)”可知，這次展覽的目的不是介紹中國模特兒，故D項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。]2．WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?A．Theyaresettingthefashion.B．Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.C．Theyadmiresupermodels.D．Theydobusinessallovertheworld.A[推理推斷題。由原文第四段中Hill說的“...Chinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.(……中國女性不僅是時(shí)尚的消費(fèi)者——她們是這場運(yùn)動(dòng)的核心)”可以推斷出，她們正在引領(lǐng)潮流，故選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)“她們發(fā)起很多時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)”，C項(xiàng)“她們崇拜超?！保珼項(xiàng)“她們?cè)谑澜绺鞯刈錾狻?，均不符合此處的語境。]3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“takingon”inParagraph4mean?A．learningfrom B．lookingdownonC．workingwith D．competingagainstD[詞義揣測題。由畫線詞后面的beatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales(在設(shè)計(jì)和銷售方面輕而易舉地?fù)魯∷麄?可知，takeon此處意為“與……較量”，故選D項(xiàng)competingagainst。learnfrom向……學(xué)習(xí)；lookdownon輕視，瞧不起；workwith與……共事。]4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB．AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC．DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD．ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrendsD[標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章的第一段就點(diǎn)明白主題：對(duì)于西方設(shè)計(jì)師來說，長期以來中國及其豐富的文化始終是西方創(chuàng)作者的靈感來源。接下來AmandaHill對(duì)中國文化和中國美學(xué)對(duì)國際時(shí)尚的影響進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)，由此可知，中國文化推動(dòng)了國際時(shí)尚潮流，故D項(xiàng)作為文章的標(biāo)題最合適。Hill說中國模特兒是向全世界女性販賣幻想的漂亮和時(shí)尚活動(dòng)的代言人，旨在強(qiáng)調(diào)中國女性在時(shí)尚方面的重要性；在紐約舉辦的中國藝術(shù)展只是文章提到的一個(gè)事例，不是文章論述的中心；文章中沒有提到東西方在審美方面的不同，因此A、B、C三項(xiàng)均不能概括全文。]B(2024·全國卷Ⅰ·D)Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(間隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(示意)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures，silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient'ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了緘默在不同文化里的詳細(xì)含義。緘默有時(shí)表示思索，有時(shí)表示無話可說……不同的文化，人們對(duì)緘默有不同的理解。5．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A．Itimpliesanger. B．Itpromotesfriendship.C．Itisculture-specific. D．Itiscontent-based.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的第一句“Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.”以及下文給出的不同文化里緘默代表不同含義的例子可知，選項(xiàng)C與之相符合。]6．Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A．TheChinese. B．TheFrench.C．TheMexicans. D．TheRussians.A[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicating...justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.”以及“...silenceisacallforreflection.”可知，很多美國本土人、一些傳統(tǒng)的中國人以及泰國人都把緘默看作是細(xì)致思索的象征，故選A項(xiàng)。]7．Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A．Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B．Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C．Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D．Makeuseofitshealingeffects.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文中最終一段中的“Anursewhounderstandsthehealingvalueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.”可知，作者建議護(hù)士們利用緘默的治愈效果來關(guān)愛病人，D項(xiàng)與此吻合。]8．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．SoundandSilenceB．WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC．SilencetoNativeAmericansD．SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGoldB[標(biāo)題歸納題。整篇文章都在說，緘默在不同的文化和領(lǐng)域具有不同的含義，這與B項(xiàng)(緘默的含義)的表述相符。]閱讀七選五(2024·北京卷)Muchoftheworkintoday'sworldisaccomplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.1Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?2Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent:abovethatlevel,theteam'sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam'sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))theiractions.3Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,“ThereisnoIinTEAM.”Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war(拔河競賽),wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.5AnA-teammayrequireabalance—notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.A．It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.B．Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent.C．Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers'attention.D．Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.E．Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.F．Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.G．Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了優(yōu)秀人才在團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)中的作用、地位和分布比例等。通過幾項(xiàng)探討，得出的結(jié)論是：一個(gè)好的團(tuán)隊(duì)，其成員構(gòu)成須要平衡，既要有優(yōu)秀的人，也要有一般的人。在團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)中優(yōu)秀人才的引進(jìn)不能簡潔地搞“一刀切”。1．B[詞匯鎖定法解題?？崭袂罢f“大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為建一個(gè)好的團(tuán)隊(duì)的最好方法是聚集一群最有天賦(talented)的個(gè)人”，空格后說“公司花數(shù)百萬(millions)雇用頂級(jí)商業(yè)人士”，由此可知空格處選B項(xiàng)“體育隊(duì)的老板花數(shù)百萬(millions)美元吸引體育天才(talent)”，其中的millions和talent與上下文對(duì)應(yīng)，故應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。]2．E[關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法解題。依據(jù)空格后的“Theresultsaremixed.”知，空格處是探討的結(jié)果，選項(xiàng)E中的severalrecentstudies與之對(duì)應(yīng)，故答案為E。]3．G[詞匯鎖定法解題?？崭窈笙仁翘岬搅薭aseball，后又提到了basketball，對(duì)天才球員在這兩項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中所起的作用進(jìn)行了探討，由此可知，空格處涉及baseball和basketball。選項(xiàng)G中的baseball，football，basketball與之對(duì)應(yīng)，故答案為G。]4．D[關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法解題。依據(jù)空格前的“學(xué)習(xí)參與團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的小孩子常常被告知‘團(tuán)隊(duì)里沒有個(gè)人’”可推斷出，選項(xiàng)D“明星們很明顯不遵守體育精神這一基本原則”符合語境，故答案為D。]5．F[關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法解題。依據(jù)空格后的“一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的團(tuán)隊(duì)須要平衡”可知，空格處是“建立一支夢(mèng)之隊(duì)比單純雇用最優(yōu)秀的人才更困難”，這與選項(xiàng)F對(duì)應(yīng)，故答案為F。]Ⅰ.寫出所給單詞的漢語意思1．median.媒體2．fashionableadj.時(shí)髦的3．a(chǎn)ttendancen.參與；參與4．overlookv.忽視；俯視5．contemporaryadj.當(dāng)代的6．marketn.市場7．breathtakingadj.激烈人心的8．a(chǎn)cknowledgev．認(rèn)可；承認(rèn)9．uneasinessn.擔(dān)憂10．conflictn.抵觸；沖突11．a(chǎn)uthorityn.權(quán)威；管理機(jī)構(gòu)12．a(chǎn)nxietyn.焦慮13．mixedadj.混合的；不同的14．trendn.趨勢(shì)，趨向15．evidentadj.自不待言的16．interdependencen.相互依靠17．distinguishv.區(qū)分；區(qū)分18．a(chǎn)ffectv.影響19．generousadj.慷慨的Ⅱ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出英文單詞1．secretn.隱私2．impossibleadj.不行能的3．campaignn.活動(dòng)；戰(zhàn)役4．directionn.方向5．silencen.緘默6．continuev.接著7．a(chǎn)mountn.數(shù)量8．interruptv.打斷Ⅲ.依據(jù)所給提示寫出派生單詞1．globen.地球；地球儀→globaladj.全球的2．exhibitv.展覽；展示→exhibitionn.展覽3．centern.中心→centraladj.中心的4．extremeadj.極度的→extremelyadv.極其；特別5．comfortableadj.舒適的→uncomfortableadj.不舒適的6．possibleadj.可能的→possibilityn.可能性Ⅳ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出慣用習(xí)語1．a(chǎn)_large_number_of大量的；很多的2．make_attempts_to_do_sth.嘗試做某事3．rather_than而不是4．be_aware_of意識(shí)到5．come_across遭受；遇到[即時(shí)演練]單句語法填空1．Somecreative(create)peoplehaveinventedsomespecialbicycles.2．Whenthefirebrokeout,peoplepanickedandraninalldirections.3．Thechairlooksverypleasing,butit'suncomfortable(comfortable)tositon.4．Takeyourumbrellabecausethere'sapossibility(possible)thatitwillrain.5．Themanagerratherthantheworkersisresponsibleforthedelayoftheproject.6．Withthegovernment'said,thoseaffected(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.7．Ifyoustillhaven'tgotamotto,pleasechooseonebecauseamottocanhaveagreateffectonyou.8．Itisextremely(extreme)coldoutside,soyou'dbetterputonmoreclothesifyougoout.9．Roadsafetycampaigns(campaign)continueplaying/to_play(play)animportantroleinreducingtrafficaccidents.Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1．...withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美學(xué))onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.刺激；加強(qiáng)2．Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.破紀(jì)錄的3．Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam'sperformance.投射；投籃Ⅱ.似易實(shí)難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語)1．VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales...[譯文]VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWu正在與Galliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs進(jìn)行較量，前者在設(shè)計(jì)和銷售方面輕而易舉地?fù)魯∷麄儭?．Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.[譯文]在這些文化中，緘默就是要對(duì)方進(jìn)行反思。Ⅲ.困難晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語)1．Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.[分析]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。句中thatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，which指代前面的整個(gè)內(nèi)容。[譯文]中國模特是向全世界女性推銷幻想的漂亮和時(shí)尚活動(dòng)的代言人，這意味著中國女性不僅是時(shí)尚的消費(fèi)者——她們是時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)的核心。2．Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(示意)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.[分析]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops是時(shí)間狀語從句，whatmaybeimplied是主語從句，what在主語從句中作主語，thatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing是表語從句，表語從句中含有賓語從句whathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing，what在賓語從句中作主語。[譯文]因此，當(dāng)一個(gè)來自這其中某個(gè)文化地域的人在講話時(shí)突然停住了，可能示意講話者想讓聽眾考慮下剛才所講內(nèi)容，然后再接著。3．Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent:abovethatlevel,theteam'sperformancebeginstodecline.[分析]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。句中where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾先行詞thepoint。[譯文]對(duì)于足球和籃球來說，將有天賦的球員引進(jìn)球隊(duì)是一種很好的方法，但最多只能有70%的頂尖天才，超過這個(gè)比例，球隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)就起先下降。4．Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.[分析]本句是主從復(fù)合句。conclude后的that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中由while連接兩個(gè)并列分句，前一個(gè)分句中teamperformancewillsuffer是主句，whentaskinterdependenceishigh和thereistoomuchtalent是兩個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；后一個(gè)分句中individualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformance是主句，whentaskinterdependenceislower是時(shí)間狀語從句。[譯文]他們得出結(jié)論：當(dāng)任務(wù)相互依靠度較高時(shí)，人才過多會(huì)使團(tuán)隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)很糟；而當(dāng)任務(wù)相互依靠度較低時(shí)，天才隊(duì)員會(huì)對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生主動(dòng)影響。1．a(chǎn)imn．目標(biāo)；目的；對(duì)準(zhǔn)v．對(duì)準(zhǔn)；目標(biāo)在于(1)takeaimatsth.瞄準(zhǔn)……；對(duì)準(zhǔn)……withtheaimof...以……為目標(biāo)；意在……(2)aimtodosth.＝aimat(doing)sth.力求做某事beaimedat(doing)sth.目的是；旨在(3)aimlessadj.漫無目的的aimlesslyadv.漫無目的地achievetheiraimsthroughpeacefulmeans通過和平方式達(dá)到他們的目的withtheaimoffindingahigh-paidjob目的是找一份高薪的工作aimatimprovingthestudents'abilityoflisteningandspeaking力求提高學(xué)生的聽說實(shí)力beaimedatdevelopingrelationsbetweenthetwocountries旨在改善兩國之間的關(guān)系[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①I'maimingto_lose(lose)4kilogramsbeforethesummerholidays.②Theyareaimingatimprovingstudents'memorythroughplayingbackgroundmusic.③Shestartedthenon-profitorganizationwiththeaimofhelpingthelocalpeople.[實(shí)力提升]——句式升級(jí)一般表達(dá)：Inordertopromoteunderstanding,weorganizedaneveningparty.①高級(jí)表達(dá)：Weorganizedaneveningpartywith_the_aim_of_promoting_understanding.(aimn．)②高級(jí)表達(dá)：Aimed_at_promoting_understanding,weorganizedaneveningparty.(aimv．)2．varyvi.變更；不同vt.變更；變更(1)varywith隨……而變更varyfrom不同于……varyin在……方面不同/有差異varyfrom...to...由……到……狀況不等(2)varietyn.變更，多樣性，種類avarietyof＝varietiesof各種各樣的(3)variousadj.各種各樣的；多方面的varyfrompersontoperson因人而異addvarietytoyourchild'sdiet使你孩子的飲食多樣化havevariouswaystodealwithsuchasituation有各種各樣處理這種狀況的方式[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Thestoreprovidesthecustomerswithavariety(vary)ofgoodseveryday.②WhentheSpringFestivalcomes,lanternsofvarious(vary)shapesandsizesaresoldinshops.③Aswecansee,thepricesofvegetablesvarywiththeseason.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯老師常常激勵(lì)我們參與各種課外活動(dòng)。①Teachersoftenencourageustotakepartinvarious_after-school_activities.(various)②Teachersoftenencourageustotakepartina_variety_of/varies_of_after-school_activities.(variety)3．a(chǎn)rguev．爭論；辯論；主見；勸服(1)arguewithsb.about/oversth.與某人辯論某事arguefor/againststh.贊成/反對(duì)某事arguesb.into/outofdoingsth.勸服某人做/不做某事arguethat...主見；認(rèn)為(2)argumentn.爭論；辯論beyondargument無可爭論argueforthebanofridingmotorcyclesinthecity主見禁止在城市中騎摩托車argueagainstanincreaseinourpocketmoney反對(duì)增加我們的零用錢argueusintoacceptinghisadvice勸告我們接受他的建議trynottoletacalmdiscussionturnintoaheatedargument盡力避開把安靜的探討變成激烈的爭論[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Hewasarguingwithhisbrotherabout/overhowtheyshouldspendthemoney.②Asforwhetherweshouldcelebrateforeignfestivals,therewasaheatedargument(argue)amongus.③Hewasunhappybecausemanypeoplearguedagainsthisplan.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子他反對(duì)吸煙，堅(jiān)持說吸煙有害健康是無可爭論的，最終他勸服了我們戒煙。Heargued_againstsmoking,andinsistedthatitwasbeyond_argumentthatsmokingwasharmfultohealth.Atlastheargued_us_into_giving_upsmoking.4．respectvt.敬重；敬重；遵守n.敬重；方面；(pl.)敬意；問候(1)respectsb.for...因……而敬重某人have/showrespectforsb.敬重某人give/sendone'srespectsto代某人向……問候(2)in...respect在……方面inrespectof/withrespectto關(guān)于；就……而言respecttheopinionofthemajority敬重多數(shù)人的看法gaintherespectofhercolleagues贏得了她的同事的敬重showtheirrespectandadmirationfortheartist表達(dá)了他們對(duì)這位藝術(shù)家的敬重和敬佩[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Ihopeairlinescanshowmorerespectforpassengersandimproveservice.②Chinaisdevelopingveryrapidlyinallrespectsandwe'reallproudofourmotherland.③Pleasegivemyrespects(respect)toyourparents.[實(shí)力提升]——句式升級(jí)一般表達(dá)：Hewasrespectedbyeveryoneanddecidedtomakegreatcontributionstothecountry.高級(jí)表達(dá)：With_everyone_respecting_him,hedecidedtomakegreatcontributionstothecountry.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))5．recognise(recognize)vt.相識(shí)；認(rèn)知；認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可(1)recognisesb./one'svoice認(rèn)出某人/聽出某人的聲音recognise...as/tobe...承認(rèn)/認(rèn)出……是……Itisrecognisedthat...人們公認(rèn)……(2)recognitionn.認(rèn)出；相識(shí)outof/beyondrecognition認(rèn)不出來recogniseheratfirstsight一眼就認(rèn)出了她changeoutofallrecognition變得面目全非beuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime被公認(rèn)為有史以來最宏大的科學(xué)家之一[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Being_recognisedinpublicbroughthermuchtrouble,sothemoviestarisalwayswearingdarkglassestoavoidbeing_recognised/recognition(recognise).②LincolnisrecognisedasoneofthegreatestpresidentsinAmerica.③Thecityhasbeenbuiltupsofastthatithaschangedbeyondrecognition(recognise)．[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯人們公認(rèn)環(huán)境問題已經(jīng)成為人類面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的問題之一。①It_is_recognised_that_environmental_pollution_has_becomeoneofthemostseriousproblemsthatpeopleface.(itisrecognisedthat...)②Environmentalpollution_is_recognised_to_have_becomeoneofthemostseriousproblemsthatpeopleface.(sth.berecognisedto)[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“認(rèn)為……是……”的短語還有：consider...as/tobe...；treat...as...；regard...as...；view...as...；thinkof...as...；lookon/upon...as...。6．provev.證明，證明link-v.證明是；結(jié)果是(1)provesth.tosb.向某人證明某事provesb./sth.(tobe)＋adj./n.證明某人/物是……It'sprovedthat...據(jù)證明……(2)prove(tobe)＋n/adj.證明是……；結(jié)果是……(3)proofn.證明；證據(jù)provehisideastootherscientists向其他科學(xué)家證明他的想法provetobeacompletesuccess證明特別勝利beprovedtobeaturningpointinhiscareer被證明是他職業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)[名師點(diǎn)津]prove作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后跟名詞作賓語；作系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后跟形容詞、名詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Itis/has_been_proved(prove)thattakingexerciseregularlydoesgoodtoone'shealth.②Sofarthereisnoproof(prove)thatspaceshipsfromotherplanetsdoexist.③Heproved(prove)tobeanhonestfriend,sowebelievedinhim.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯據(jù)證明過度運(yùn)用手機(jī)對(duì)我們的健康有害。①It_is_proved_thatoverusingmobilephonesdoesharmtoourhealth.(it作形式主語)②Overusingmobilephonesproves_to_be_harmful_toourhealth.(provelink-v.)1．Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.大部分人信任打造一個(gè)宏大團(tuán)隊(duì)最好的方式是聚集一群最有才華的個(gè)體。[句型公式]tobuildagreatteam為不定式短語作后置定語，修飾thebestway。(1)當(dāng)名詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語。(2)一些抽象名詞如chance，warning，ability，ambition，way，idea，need等詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Columbuswasthefirstpersonto_discover(discover)America.②Theabilityto_express(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.③IfIhaveanyfurthernews,youwillbethefirstpersonto_know(know)it.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子他成為了村子里第一個(gè)上高校的學(xué)生。Hebecamethe_first_student_in_the_village_to_go_to_college.2．Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam'sperformance.好玩的是，這種傾向在棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)中并不明顯，在棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)中個(gè)體額外的才能會(huì)提升團(tuán)隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)。[句型公式]關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。(1)關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，包括when,where和why，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和緣由。需留意的是，當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或緣由時(shí)，若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作狀語，則不能用關(guān)系副詞。(2)關(guān)系副詞why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。(3)當(dāng)先行詞為situation,case,stage,point等，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，要用關(guān)系副詞where。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIworkedwiththem.＝Iwillneverforgetthedaythat/whichIspentwiththem.②Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatefromeachother.③Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子在假期，我會(huì)住在鄉(xiāng)下，那里空氣簇新而且人們友好。Duringholidayseasons,Iwillliveinthecountryside,where_air_is_fresh_and_people_are_friendly.夯基固本·學(xué)問落實(shí)Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Tomisthefirststudentinourschoolto_win(win)suchaspecialhonor.2．Thehomelessmanwanderedaimlessly(aim)inthestreet.3．Tomygreatrelief,grandmother'sillnessproved(prove)nottobeasseriousaswehadfeared.4．Itisbeyondargument(argue)thateveryonehastheresponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironment.5．Besidesgoodcommunication，respecting(respect)eachotherisveryimportant.Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1．It'savirtuetoshowrespectfortheelderlyinChina.2．Hetrainedhardwiththeaimofpassingthedrivingtest.3．Thehotelroomsvaryinsize,butallhavetelevisionsandtelephones.4．Wecantakepartinsomeactivitiestogether,whereIcanintroduceyoutoothers.5．Ihaven'tseenhersinceshewasalittlegirl,andshehaschangedbeyondrecognition.強(qiáng)技提能·學(xué)問應(yīng)用Ⅰ.完形填空(2024·重慶八中3月檢測改編)TheotherdayIwasshoppingatalocalstore.AndthenIcameuponaladysquatting(蹲)onthefloorlookingforacertainproductonthe1shelf.Shesprangupwhenshesawmeasiftogetoutofmyway.Apologeticallysheexplainedthatshewasa2atanearbystoreandwasonherlunchbreak，3togetafewneededitemsbeforehertimewasup.Itoldherwithasmile，“Iaminnohurry.Goaheadanddowhatyouneedtodo.”Whileshe4foraparticularbrandshesaidthatsometimescustomerswererudetoheratthestoreandshereally5mykindness.ItoldherthatIhadnoticedcashiersbeingtreatedrudelybysomepeopleandthatthosepeopleneededtobemore6.Itis7forthecashierwhenpeopleareglaringatthemwhenthecashierisdoingthebesttheyknowhow.IexplainedtoherthatIwasaretirednurseand8whatshewassayingfirsthand.Sometimespatients，families，ordoctorscouldbeveryrudeoreven9.ButItriedtounderstandwhytheywerefeelingthatwayandletit10.Shethankedmeforbeingsoniceand11.Itoldher，“Theworldwouldbeabetterplaceifweallactedkindlytowardeachother.”She12andwithabigsmileshesaidthankyouandwalkedaway.ItfeltsogoodthatIhavehelpedcomfortsomeoneforevenafewseconds.InabriefexchangeI13hertherearegoodandkindpeopleintheworldandmayhavepromotedher14inhumanity.Maybeshewouldthinkaboutthatlaterinthedaywhensomeonewastreatingher15【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者在旁邊小店購物時(shí)，偶遇了一位做收銀員的婦女蹲在地板上在貨架最底層找某種產(chǎn)品。那位婦女很是愧疚，但是經(jīng)過與作者交談，她感到自己被別人理解了，作者也為自己能緩解對(duì)方的壓力而感到欣慰。1．A.top B．longC．bottom D．woodenC[依據(jù)上文“aladysquatting(蹲)onthefloor”可知女士蹲在地上是在找架子底部的某種產(chǎn)品。句意：然后我偶遇一位女士蹲在地板上，在底層的架子上找尋某種產(chǎn)品。]2．A.manager B．cashierC．waitress D．shopkeeperB[依據(jù)下文“shesaidthatsometimescustomers”和“Ihadnoticedcashiers”可推知女士是一名收銀員。manager經(jīng)理；cashier收銀員；waitress女服務(wù)員；shopkeeper店主。]3．A.trying B．pretendingC．learning D．rememberingA[依據(jù)下文“togetafewneededitemsbeforehertimewasup”可知，她盡量在上班時(shí)間之前買一些必需品。trytodosth.盡力做某事。try嘗試；pretend假裝；learn學(xué)習(xí)；remember記得。]4．A.paid B．waitedC．a(chǎn)pplied D．searchedD[此處對(duì)應(yīng)第一段中“aladysquatting(蹲)onthefloorlookingforacertainproduct...”。searchfor找尋。句意：當(dāng)她在店里找一個(gè)特定品牌的東西的時(shí)候，她說有時(shí)候顧客對(duì)她很粗魯，她真的很感謝我的好心。pay支付；wait等待；apply應(yīng)用；search搜尋。]5．A.doubted B．mistookC．deserved D．a(chǎn)ppreciatedD[依據(jù)下文中的“Shethankedme”可知，這位婦女很感謝作者的和善。doubt懷疑；mistake弄錯(cuò)；deserve值得；appreciate感謝，觀賞。]6．A.considerate B．patientC．generous D．concernedA[依據(jù)文中“cashiersbeingtreatedrudelybysomepeople”可知，收銀員受到一些人的粗暴對(duì)待，那些人應(yīng)當(dāng)更加愛護(hù)一點(diǎn)。considerate愛護(hù)的；patient耐性的；generous大方的；concerned擔(dān)憂的。]7．A.pleasant B．stressfulC．a(chǎn)ppropriate D．impossibleB[由下文“whenpeopleareglaringatthemwhenthecashierisdoingthebesttheyknowhow”可知，別人還對(duì)她怒目而視，收銀員會(huì)感到很有壓力。pleasant令人開心的；stressful驚慌的，有壓力的；appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)?；impossible不行能的。]8．A.recalled B．mindedC．understood D．questionedC[此處與下文“Itriedtounderstand”中的“understand”呼應(yīng)。句意：我向她說明說，我是一名退休護(hù)士，能夠親身明白她的意思。recall回想起；mind介意；understand理解；question質(zhì)疑。]9．A.mean B．helpfulC．stubborn D．thoughtfulA[依據(jù)上文“couldbeveryrudeoreven”可知，此處指有時(shí)病人、家人或醫(yī)生可能特別粗魯甚至苛刻。mean苛刻的；helpful有幫助的；stubborn固執(zhí)的；thoughtful愛護(hù)的。]10．A.work B．goC．stay D．turnB[依據(jù)上文“Itriedtounderstandwhytheywerefeelingthatway”可知，作者試著去理解這些粗魯?shù)娜说母惺?，然后就覺得釋然了。letitgo放開。]11．A.careful B．luckyC．grateful D．friendlyD[依據(jù)上文“beingsoniceand”可知，作者對(duì)女士很友好。careful細(xì)致的；lucky幸運(yùn)的；grateful感謝的；friendly友好的。]12．A.refused B．relaxedC．jumped D．noddedD[依據(jù)下文“withabigsmile”可知，女士同意作者的觀點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。句意：她點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，帶著絢麗的微笑說了聲感謝，然后走開了。refuse拒絕；relax放松；jump跳動(dòng)；nod點(diǎn)頭。]13．A.proved B．showedC．told D．persuadedB[依據(jù)下文“therearegoodandkindpeopleintheworld”可知，通過和作者的這次簡短溝通，作者向女士展示了世界上有很多和善的人并且可能增加對(duì)人性的信念。prove證明；show展示；tell告知；persuade勸服。]14．A.doubt B．understandingC．satisfaction D．faithD[解析見上題。doubt懷疑；understanding理解；satisfaction滿意；faith信念。]15．A.impatiently B．casuallyC．unkindly D．seriouslyC[此處對(duì)應(yīng)其次段中“cashiersbeingtreatedrudelybysomepeople”，指有人對(duì)女士不好的時(shí)候，她能想到世界上還是有很多和善的人的。句意：或許她會(huì)在一天的晚些時(shí)候，當(dāng)有人對(duì)她不好的時(shí)候想到這一點(diǎn)。impatiently不耐煩地；casually隨意地；unkindly不親切地；seriously細(xì)致地。]Ⅱ.語法填空(2024·蘭州市診斷考試)Lastweek，therewasa“CelebrateVietnam”showhostedatmyresidence.What1.________(amaze)mewastheperformanceofChineseSocietyOrchestraintheNationalUniversityofSingapore(NUS)duringtheshow.Tobehonest，IdidnotexpecttheorganizerswhoarealmostallVietnamesetoinviteartsgroupsfromothercultures，2.________itwasreallygreattoenjoytheperformancesfromdifferentculturesatonce.Livingmorethan3,000kilometersawayfromhome，itwasreallyraretohavetheopportunity3.________(listen)totraditionalChineseperformances.Luckily，NUSChineseSocietyorganizessomeeventswithChineseelementsfromtimetotime.EverytimeIattendtheirevents，therearebouts(發(fā)作)ofhomesickness.I'vealsonoticedthattherearesomepeoplefromnon-Chinesebackground4.________(attend)theevents.IfeelproudthatourChinesecultureattractsmanypeoplefro