高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)定語(yǔ)從句名詞從句課件

SixteenTensesinEnglish高中范圍十種語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)主講人：Laura一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在do/doesam/is/aredoinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoing過(guò)去Didwas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing將來(lái)will/shalldowill/shallbedoingwill/shallhavedonewill/shallhavebeendoing過(guò)去將來(lái)would/shoulddowould/shouldbedoingwould/shouldhavedonewould/shouldhavebeendoing英語(yǔ)中的十六種時(shí)態(tài)，標(biāo)紅為高中必考一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):do/does1.表示習(xí)慣的、永久性的或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（常與everyday,often,sometimes,always,normally,rarely等狀語(yǔ)連用。Heseldomeatsmeat.Ineversituplateintothenight.2.表示特征、能力或現(xiàn)時(shí)的情況或狀態(tài)。Shelovesmusic.Shelivesinavillaatthefootofthehill.3.表示普遍真理、事實(shí),也用在格言中。Waterboilsat100℃.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.時(shí)不待人。二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/aredoing1.表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的、或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事。It'sblowinghard.正在進(jìn)行Johnislosinghair.現(xiàn)階段Ageistellingonher.她漸漸老了2.表示按最近計(jì)劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或即將開(kāi)始或結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。此類的動(dòng)詞常有:go,leave,come,arrive,land,meet,move,start等。lampublishingabookthisyear.計(jì)劃Whenabirdisdying,itscryispitiful.即將鳥(niǎo)之將死，其鳴也哀三、一般過(guò)去時(shí):did1.表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。WehadagrandviewofaseaofcloudswhenweclimbedtothetopoftheYellowMountain.2.表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。Whereverhetravelledinthoseyears,hewrotedownwhathesawandheard.3.在表示時(shí)間或條件等的狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.Wewouldnotleaveuntilshecame

back.4.表示某種感情色彩。Youaskedforit!你自找的!(責(zé)備)ltoldyouso.我早就告訴過(guò)你。(你就是不聽(tīng))wouldrainwouldcome四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/weredoing1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Hewasplayingtabletennisatfiveyesterdayafternoon.Thestudentswerestillsingingwhentheteachersteppedin.2.用于時(shí)間過(guò)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示過(guò)去將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Shetoldmetowakehimupifhewassleeping.(wouldbesleeping)3.表示某種持續(xù)動(dòng)作作為背景（某種畫(huà)面、情形),以此引出一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的新動(dòng)作。Iwasleavingtheofficewhenthetelephonerang.正要做某事忽然發(fā)生另外一件事(意外)Thebabywascryingandsuddenly,thecryingstopped.(情形)4.表示按計(jì)劃安排過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,過(guò)去的預(yù)想。Shewasdepartingthenextmonth.=SheplannedtodepartHeknewthattheplanewastakingoffintenminutes.五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/hasdone1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,著眼于現(xiàn)在。常與yet,just,before,recently,once,lately,ever,never等不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,不能與特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(e.g.in2020,lastyear)Thepasthasvanishedlikesmoke.往事如煙/逝者往矣。IhaveheardJohnsaysomethingagainstyouonseveraloccasions.2.表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始,延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如sofar,uptonow,sincelastyear,foralongtime,allmylife,forages,allday,duringthepast/lastfewyears,thesedays,etc.Shehasbeenawayfromschoolduringthelastfewweeks.Uptonow,wehavehadnonewsfromher.3.以下句型要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):It/Thisis/willbethefirst/second/last..timethat...It/Thisisthebest/worst/mostinteresting/adj最高級(jí)＋名詞+that.Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhersing.Itisthemostinterestingnovel(that)hehaseverwritten.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)比較:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)重在說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況,表示過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果;一般過(guò)去時(shí)則只涉及過(guò)去的行為或狀況本身。試比較:Ihavereadthenovel.強(qiáng)調(diào)了解這部小說(shuō)內(nèi)容/完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)Ireadthenovellastweek.強(qiáng)調(diào)上周做的動(dòng)作(閱讀小說(shuō))Mychiefpurposehasbeentofindarealsolution.一直在努力Mychiefpurposewastofindoutarealsolution.過(guò)去的努力lcanspeaksomeSpanishbecauseI

havelived

(live)inSpainforoneyear.現(xiàn)在仍住西班牙IcanstillspeaksomeSpanishbecausel

lived

(live)inSpainforoneyear.與現(xiàn)在不接軌,說(shuō)明是過(guò)去住西班牙一段時(shí)間六、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):have/hasbeendoing1.

表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始發(fā)生,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。Aren'tyoutired?You'vebeenworkinghereallday.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucyhasbeenconsideringgoingbacktoschool.2.表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束(有時(shí)指出結(jié)果)。I'vejustbeenwavinggood-byetoher.3.表示某種感情色彩。Who'sbeentellingyousuchnonsense?誰(shuí)告訴你這種無(wú)稽之談的?（氣憤)Youhavebeengivingmeeverything.你給了我一切(感激)4.表示重復(fù)(指斷斷續(xù)續(xù),而非一直不停)。We'vebeendiscussingthematterseveraltimesthisyear.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)比較;1).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)剛剛完成的動(dòng)作,或某個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,也可表示延續(xù)性;現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。Ihavethoughtitover.(已經(jīng)考慮過(guò))Ihavebeenthinkingitover.(一直在考慮)Becareful!Jimhasbeenpaintingthedoor.(油漆沒(méi)干)Jimhaspaintedthedoor.(油漆可能已干,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)

2).現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)性;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示反復(fù)（但同always,often等連用也可表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作）。Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?你最近經(jīng)常同他見(jiàn)面嗎?Haveyoumethimrecently?你最近見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎?現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)比較:3).現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)含有感情色彩;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般平鋪直敘，偶爾帶有感情色彩。lhavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.(可能不耐煩)lhavewaitedforyoufortwohours.(說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí))4).love,know等狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。HehaslovedHelensincehewasinmiddleschool.

不用:Hehasbeenloving.….Theyhaveknowneachotherfortenyears.

不用:Theyhavebeenknowing...七、過(guò)去完成時(shí):haddone1.表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某個(gè)具體時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完成的動(dòng)作或情況。Bytheendoflastweek,shehadwrittentwopapers.2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用在有hardly,scarcely,barely,nosooner...than等副詞的句子中。Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.3.intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示一個(gè)本來(lái)打算做而沒(méi)有做的事。Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseemejustwhenIwasabouttoleave.我本來(lái)昨天要去看你的，但是剛出門就有人來(lái)訪。(=intendedtohavecalledon)Wehadmeanttotellherthenewsbutfoundthatshewasn’tin.

我們本想把消息告訴她的，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)她不在家。(=meanttohavetold)提示:after,before,when從句中，有時(shí)候可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，有時(shí)候可用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。根據(jù)情況決定。Janewentouttotheparkaftershehadread/readthepaper.Beforehecame,hehaddiscussed/discusseditwiththemanager.4.hope,expect,think,want等詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中。Hedidbetterthanwehadthought.Thingswentmoresmoothlythanwehadexpected.5.first/second/third/lasttime同過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用。Itwasthefirsttimehehadlostthegame.Itisthefirsttimehehaslostthegame.*八、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):hadbeendoing1.表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛結(jié)束,可能延續(xù)下去,也可能不延續(xù)。ShesaidthatshehadbeentypingapaperbeforeIcamein.試比較:Shewasfifty.Shehadbeenwritingthenovelsinceshewasthirty.她已經(jīng)50歲了，自30歲起她就寫(xiě)這部小說(shuō)了。(50歲時(shí)候仍在寫(xiě))Hecamehomeateleven.Shehadbeenwaitingforhimfortwohours.他11點(diǎn)回家來(lái)的,她已等了他兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(11點(diǎn)時(shí)不等了)2.表示反復(fù)的動(dòng)作、企圖、情緒、最近的情況等。Hehadbeentellingyouthis.他多次跟你說(shuō)這件事。試比較:Thegirlhadcleareduptheroom,soitwasverytidy.(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)Themanhadbeenclearinguptheroom,sowehadtowaitoutside.

(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù))九、一般將來(lái)時(shí):will/shalldo1.表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Ishallbelatehometonight.HewillgraduatefromHarvardUniversitynextyear.2.表示將來(lái)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也表示傾向、習(xí)慣、必然發(fā)生的事。Springwillcomeagain.Oilandwaterwillnotmix.3.可以表示將來(lái)時(shí)的一些結(jié)構(gòu):(1).begoingtodo表示決定、打算要做什么事,或有跡象表明即將發(fā)生、可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么情況,有趨勢(shì)。lamgoingtobuyanewcoatthiswinter.(主觀打算)Theiceisgoingtobreak!(客觀跡象)begoingto和will區(qū)別will表示說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為有望發(fā)生的事,可指遙遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái);begoing

to指有跡象表明某事即將或肯定發(fā)生,表示客觀事情的發(fā)展。Hewillgetbetter.他的病會(huì)好的。(認(rèn)為最終會(huì)恢復(fù)健康,不指

立馬恢復(fù))Heisgoingtogetbetter.他的病就要好了。(指有恢復(fù)的跡象)Don‘tstandonthatrock.It’sgoingtofall.不要站在那塊巖石上，它要倒了。(跡象)Don‘tstandonthatrock,Itwillfall.不要站在那塊巖石上，它會(huì)倒的。

(站在巖石上導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果)begoingto和will均可表示“意圖”，但事先考慮過(guò)的意圖用begoingto,不是事先考慮的意圖用will.--Whyhaveyoutorntheletterintopieces?--I

amgoingtorewriteit.(事先考慮的)--Itisreallyabigstone.--I

will

helpyoutoremoveit.(臨時(shí)決定,不經(jīng)考慮)(2)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表將來(lái)(參照之前所學(xué))(3)betodo1)此結(jié)構(gòu)表示計(jì)劃、安排,或用來(lái)征求意見(jiàn)。ThehighwayistobeopeninMay.TheyaretobemarriedinOctober.AmItotakeoverhiswork?我是不是要接管他的工作?(征求意見(jiàn))2)表示應(yīng)該怎么做或應(yīng)該發(fā)生什么，也表示命令、禁止、義務(wù)或可能性。接近should,could,must,oughtto等。Youaretoblameforyourcarelessness.都怪你粗心，鬧成這樣。(should)Youarenottosmokeintheroom.(must)Nooneistoleavetheofficewithoutpermission.(can)Wesearchedeverywherebuttheringwasnottobefound.(could)(3)表示不可避免將要發(fā)生某事,必然要發(fā)生的事,后來(lái)將發(fā)生的事。Betterdaysaresoontofollow.Theworstisstilltocome.(4)beabouttodo用于表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,句中不用具體表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Sitdowneveryone.Thefilmisabouttostart.

√Thelectureisabouttobegin.×Thelectureisabouttobeginsoon.注意:benotaboutto的意思是“不愿意,不打算”。Johnisnotabouttodothatagain.約翰不愿再做那件事了。(=notwillingto)(5)beonthepoint/verge/eve/brinkof,表示即將發(fā)生的事。Heisonthepointofmakingaround-the-worldtour.Thecountryisonthebrinkofdisaster.那個(gè)國(guó)家正處于災(zāi)難的邊緣。Thetwocountriesareonthevergeofwar.這兩個(gè)國(guó)家正瀕于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。試比較幾種結(jié)構(gòu):Ishallsailforthedesertisland.(單純未來(lái))Iwillsailforthedesertisland.(意愿)Isailforthedesertisland.(計(jì)劃好)Iamsailingforthedesertisland.(計(jì)劃,可變動(dòng))lamtosailforthedesertisland.(事先計(jì)劃,較正式)lamabouttosailforthedesertisland.(快發(fā)生)lamonthepointofsailingforthedesertisland(即將發(fā)生)*十、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):will/shallbedoing1.表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?2.代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。I'llbeseeingMr.Jacksontomorrow.(=will)Stopthechildorhewillbefallingover.(=will)3.用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)詢問(wèn)別人的計(jì)劃、打算，比用一般將來(lái)時(shí)更禮貌；也可表示較緩和的命令或碰巧發(fā)生的事。Willyoubestayingherelong?你在這里要待長(zhǎng)時(shí)間嗎?

(禮貌詢問(wèn))Whenwillyoubepayingbackthemoney?你何時(shí)還錢呢?

(委婉命令)Willyoubeusingyourcartomorrow?Ifnot,canIborrowit?

(碰巧也用)4.用于表現(xiàn)將來(lái)的情形,帶有感情色彩。Weshallbethinkingofyou.I'llbelovingyouforever.*十一、將來(lái)完成時(shí):will/shallhavedone1.表示將來(lái)某時(shí)之前或某動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。IshallhavefinisheditbynextFriday.2.表示一個(gè)持續(xù)到將來(lái)某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作。BynextMonday,shewillhavestudiedhereforthreeyears.*十二、將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí):will/shallhavebeendoing

表示將來(lái)某時(shí)、某事之前已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,一直持續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間(是否持續(xù)要根據(jù)上下文)。常同表示將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Bythetimethesunsets,theywillhavebeenworkingonthefarmforsixhours.Itwillhavebeensnowingforawholeweekifitsnowsagaintomorrow.*十三、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):would/shoulddo1.表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Shesaidthatshewouldwaitforusatthebusstop.2.表示過(guò)去的某種習(xí)慣性行為.Wheneverwehadtrouble,hewouldcometohelpus.3.其他表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu):was/weregoingtodowas/wereabouttodowas/wereonthepointofdoing(4)was/weretodo*十四、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí):wouldhavedone表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將來(lái)某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作Hesaidthattheywouldhavearrivedbyseveno'clock.ShetoldmethatshewouldhavefinishedtypingtheletterbeforeIcameback.*十五、過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):would/shouldbedoing表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看將來(lái)某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或計(jì)劃中的事，常用

于賓語(yǔ)從句中。Shesaidthatshewouldbelookingafteryou.Hesaidthathewouldbesettingoffonthe9o'clocktrain.*十六、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí):would/shouldhavebeendoing表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到過(guò)去將來(lái)某一時(shí)間（是否持續(xù)下去根據(jù)上下文決定）。ShesaidthatbytheendoftheyearshewouldhavebeenstudyingFrenchforthreeyears.她說(shuō)到今年年底,她就已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)三年了。定語(yǔ)從句Lead-in請(qǐng)找出含定語(yǔ)從句的句子。1.Iliketoeatapplesbecausetheyaregoodformyhealth.2.Heknewwhathappened.3.Idon’tknowthemanwhosehairisred.4.Astimegoeson,itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.5.Thestorywhichhetoldmewasinteresting.6.Ifitisrainytomorrow,wewillnotgotoschool.7.Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcome.8.Thisisthecitywherehewasborn.原因狀語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句請(qǐng)找出下列復(fù)合句中的定語(yǔ)從句、先行詞、關(guān)系詞。1.Ican’tremembereverythingthathappenedinmychildhood.2.Thefilmisaboutamanwhosewifebetrayshim.3.Thebookyouboughtjustnowisveryinteresting.4.Mostpeoplelikesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.5.WevisitedthehousewhereStephenHawkingoncelived.6.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwehadagoodtimetogether.7.Thatwasthereasonwhyhedidn’thandinhishomeworkagain.8.Themanmyfatheristalkingwithoverthereismyteacher.總結(jié)一：在復(fù)合句中，用來(lái)修飾__________或_________的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾詞叫_______,用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞叫_______，分為_(kāi)_____和______。名詞代詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系詞的用法1.Iwanttomakefriendswiththose____arereadytohelpothers.2.Heisreadingthebook____iswrittenbyMoYan.3.Whereisthegirl____Imetthismorning?4.Ican’tbelievethestory____youtoldmejustnow.5.Thehouse____

windowfacessouthwasboughtbythatlady.6.Istillremembertheday____Ifirstmetyou.7.Shewantedtogobacktothetown____shespentherchildhood.8.Canyoutellmethereason____yousleptinclassjustnow?who/thatwhich/thatwho/whom/thatwhich/thatwhose/ofwhichwhenwherewhy總結(jié)二：關(guān)系代詞先行詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)指人who/thatwho/whom/that/無(wú)/介賓只能用whom

whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhom指物which/thatwhich/that/無(wú)/介賓只能用whichwhose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich關(guān)系副詞所修飾的先行詞在從句中所作的成分省略情況when時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不可省略where地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)不可省略why原因名詞原因狀語(yǔ)不可省略當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練1.Thisisthehouse_____Iboughtlastyear.2.Didyourememberthehospital_____youwereborn?3.Thosenewcars_____areonshowaremadeinJapan.4.Weneedaperson_____canreadandwriteinEnglish.5.WhatIlikemostisthecommunityhighschool_____mydaughterstudies.6.Couldyoutellmethetime_____theshoppingcenteropens?7.Thisisthegirl_____hasjustwonthefirstprizeintheEnglishcontest.8.Yesterdaywevisitedthefactory_____myfatheronceworked.9.Sheisthewoman_____husbandteachesEnglishatamiddleschool.10.Isthereanyplace_____Icandosomeexercise?who/thatwherewhich/that

which/that

wherewhenwho/that

wherewhosewhere關(guān)系代詞that與which的區(qū)別1.Thatisoneof

themostinteresting

books_________aresoldinthebookshop.2.Thefirst

thing_________weshoulddoistogetsomefood.3.Youcanbuyeverything_________youneedinthissupermarket.4.Thewriterandhisnovel

_________youtalkedaboutjustnowarereallywell-known.5.Mywatchistheonlything_________ismissing.6.All_________wecandoistoaccompanyher.7.Whoistheman_________isreadingabook?8.Whichisthebook_________youlikebest?9.Thehousein_________weliveisverylarge.10.Hepassedthefinalexam,_________madehisparentsveryhappy.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatwhichwhich總結(jié)三：只用that不用which的情況：1.先行詞是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代詞；2.先行詞被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等詞修飾；3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞；4.先行詞被theonly，thevery(正是，恰是)，thelast修飾；5.先行詞中既有人也有物；6.在which或who的特殊疑問(wèn)句中含有定語(yǔ)從句。只用which不用that的情況：1.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞表示事物只能用which，不能用that；2.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞提前時(shí)，只用which，不用that。定語(yǔ)從句主謂一致，代詞重復(fù)，先行詞是theway1.Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished.（改錯(cuò)）2.SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcometotheparty.（改錯(cuò)）3.Idon’tliketheway________hetalkstome.總結(jié)四：1.定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，那么謂語(yǔ)要與____________保持一致。2.定語(yǔ)從句中，如果某個(gè)________的作用與________的作用相同，那么要?jiǎng)h除________。3.theway作先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)______(成分)，關(guān)系詞可以用______，______，或者_(dá)____________。break改為breaks去掉theminwhich/that先行詞代詞賓語(yǔ)代詞方式狀語(yǔ)inwhichthat關(guān)系詞省略不填課堂小結(jié)鏈接高考1.(2023年全國(guó)甲卷)Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,________RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow.”Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,

thatwasmorethanwehadexpected.2.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.3.(2020全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.4.(2020新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum________openedin1759.5.(2019全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.asthatwhosethat/whichwho/that1.（2023·全國(guó)乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings，Beijingisalsoaplace

?welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife，with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.2.（2023·全國(guó)甲卷）Yet，theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,

?RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow.”3.（2022·全國(guó)甲卷）Onthe1，100-kilometerjourney，themanCaoShengkang,

?losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident，crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.4.（2021·新高考Ⅱ卷）IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany

?usedalotofplastic，I’dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.what/thataswhowhat/that5.（2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe，Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot

?itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.6.（2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷）InancientChinalivedanartist

?paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.7.（2020·全國(guó)ⅠI卷）TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumes

aimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.wherewhosewhat/that名詞性從句考點(diǎn)分析一、找出以下句子的成分（主、謂、賓、表、定、狀、補(bǔ)）1.Mouselovesrice.2.Godisagirl.3.IamMissChen,headteacherofClass1.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞1(1)Hisjobisimportant.(2)Whathedoesisimportant.2(1)Thisishisjob.(2)Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)從句系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句系動(dòng)詞一、找出以下句子的成分（主、謂、賓、表、定、狀、補(bǔ)）3(1)Idon’tlikehisjob.(2)Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.4(1)Idon’tknowtheman,Mr.White.(2)Idon’tknowthefactthatheisateacher.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句

名詞性從句

nounclause

主語(yǔ)從句subjectclause

賓語(yǔ)從句objectclause

表語(yǔ)從句predicativeclause

同位語(yǔ)從句appositiveclause二、名詞性從句的類型名詞性從句的分類小試牛刀1.Idon'tknowifIcandoit.2.Whatheisdoingseemsverydifficult.3.Theimportantthingishowwecanimproveourstudies.4.Mr.Lialwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.5.Itisunknownwhetherhehasagreedtomyplan.6.IamafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.7.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句均為陳述語(yǔ)序同位語(yǔ)從句123that（無(wú)含義，不作成分）whether/if（“是否”，不作成份）連接詞（有含義，充當(dāng)成分）名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞if只引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和后置的主語(yǔ)從句連接代詞（主賓表定）連接副詞（狀語(yǔ)）that除引導(dǎo)賓從可以省略，其余均不可省略連接詞連接副詞：when、why、where、how、whenever、wherever、however連接詞連接代詞：what、which、who、whom、whose、whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever從屬連詞：that，whether，ifThisis________SunYouxiang,afourth-gradeprimaryschoolstudentinHangzhou,capitalcityofeastChina'sZhejiangProvince,concludedafterraisingsnailsforoneyear.同位語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句sthwhat句意：這是中國(guó)東部浙江省省會(huì)杭州市一名四年級(jí)小學(xué)生孫有祥在養(yǎng)蝸牛一年之后得出的結(jié)論。S.主語(yǔ)

v.謂語(yǔ)adv.狀語(yǔ)1.先找出句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，后根據(jù)從句中的位置判斷屬于哪一種名詞性從句2.分析從句中的成分，若是缺主賓表定則用連接代詞；缺狀語(yǔ)則用連接副詞；不缺成分that，whether,if中選3.翻譯句子，最終確定用哪個(gè)連接詞1.定類2.析從3.翻譯1.Itwastrue________whatshediddelightedeveryoneofus.

2.Afterfivemonths’hardwork,theygot______theyhaddreamedof.3.Fathermadeapromise________ifIpassedtheexamhewouldbuymeabike.4.________youcansucceedintheendwillmainlydependon________youdoand________youdoit.5.________breaksschoolruleswillbepunished.6.________issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.whatthat小試牛刀解題思路：1定類2析從3翻譯thatWhetherwhathowWhoeverwhat1)Thenewsthathetoldusmadeushappy.2)Thenewsthatwewonthegamemadeushappy.3)Wewillconsiderthesuggestionthatweshouldbuildanewlibrary.4)Wewillconsiderthesuggestionthatheputforwardatthemeeting.定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句Conclusion:句1為關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,作賓語(yǔ),可以省略；句2為that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,不充當(dāng)成分沒(méi)有意義，不可以省略）考點(diǎn)突破:同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

Summary（mindmap）考題運(yùn)用1．根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否是名詞性從句。2．一旦判斷是名詞性從句，若從句中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，用連接代詞；若缺少狀語(yǔ)就用連接副詞。3．如果不缺少成分則要考慮意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if;如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。語(yǔ)法填空解題“2個(gè)切入點(diǎn)”1.（2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷）TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis

?theyneedanEnglishtrainer.2.（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）

issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.3.（2020·7月浙江高考）Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson

couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.4.（2022·新高考ⅠI卷）“Hesavedmyson’slife,”saidMrs.Brown.“Idon'tknow

tothankhim.”

whywhatwhathow缺少成分

（高考鏈接）不缺少成分(高考鏈接)1．Oliversaysifyou’reluckyenoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthe__________youcanjoininwhenitispossible.2．Itneveroccurredtome

youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.3．Thereisnodoubt______itisofgreathelptotheirstudyandfuturelife.if/whetherthatthat動(dòng)詞1.（2023·新課標(biāo)卷）23Nanxiangaside,thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem

(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.2.（2023·新課標(biāo)卷II）Asalittlegirl,I

(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.3.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）TheGPNP

(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticity(原真性)andintegrityofnaturalecosystems...4.（2022·新高考ⅠI卷）Henry

(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.tobeliftedwishedwasfixingisdesigned3.（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit

(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.4.（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto

(be)AlaskaAirlines.5.（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic

(call)galleriesorrooms.6.（2021·新高考ⅠI