2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit3Theworldofscience第2課時Usinglanguage課時作業(yè)含解析外研版必修第三冊

PAGEPAGE1課時作業(yè)8Usinglanguageeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ.閱讀理解)AWhenamathematicsstudentwasexaminedinthehospital,DrJohnLorberdiscoveredthathehadalmostnobrainatall.Normally,theconditionisquitesevereinthefirstmonthsofbabyhood.Evenwhensomeonesurvives,heorsheisusuallyseriouslydisabled.Somehow,though,thestudenthadlivedaperfectlynormallifeandwentontogainadegreeinmathematics.Thiscaseisbynomeansasrareasitseems.Lorberhasidentified(確認)severalhundredpeoplewhohaveverysmallbrainsbutwhoappeartobenormallyintelligentpeople.Hedescribessomeofthemashaving“nodetectablebrain”，yettheyhavescoredupto120inIQtests.Nooneknowshowpeoplewith“nodetectablebrain”areabletofunctionatall,letalonegraduateinmathematics.Onesuggestionistheoldideathatweonlyuseasmallpercentageofourbrainsanyway—perhapsaslittleas10percent.Butmorerecentresearchshowsthisideaisamisunderstandingdatingfromresearchinthe1930sinwhichthefunctionsoflargeareasofthebraincouldnotbedeterminedandwerenamed“silent”，whileinfacttheyarelinkedwithimportantfunctionslikespeechandabstractthinking.TheotherinterestingthingaboutLorber'sfindingsisthattheyremindusofthesecretofmemory.Atfirstitwasthoughtthatthereisapartinthebrainformemory,likethememorychipsinaPC.Butfurtherresearchofthebrainhasturnedupthesurprisingfactthatmemorydoesnotdependonanyparticularareainthebrain.Asonescientistputit,“Memoryiseverywhereinthebrainandnowhere.”Butifthebrainisnotaplaceforclassifyingandstoringexperiencesandanalyzingthemtoenableustoliveourlives,thenwhatonearthisthebrainfor？Andwhereistheseatofhumanintelligence?Whereisthemind?本文是一篇科普類說明文。作者從一個“無腦人”案例入手，分析了人類大腦的功能問題。1．Whatwillusuallyhappentoaveryyoungbabywithoutbrain?A．Itwilldie.B．Itwillsurvive.C．Itwillbeintelligent.D．Itwillbecomedisabled.答案：A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的其次句和第三句可知，通常狀況下，在誕生的前幾個月里，這種狀況(無腦)是特別嚴峻的，有人即使存活下來，通常也會有嚴峻的殘疾。由此可知，這種狀況對嬰兒來說死亡率很高，故選A項。2．Whatisthenewfindingofthefunctionsofthebrain?A．Muchofthebrainisuseful.B．Thebrainisinfactofnouse.C．Thebraindeterminesone'sIQ.D．Onlyasmallpartofthebrainisused.答案：A解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的其次句可知，舊的觀點是我們僅僅用了大腦很小的一部分，但下文對這一觀點進行了否定?！癇utmorerecentresearchshowsthisideaisamisunderstanding...abstractthinking.”即這種舊觀點是一種誤會。由此可知，我們并非只運用大腦中很小的一部分，而是大腦的大部分區(qū)域都跟重要的功能相關(guān)聯(lián)，都是有用的，故選A項。3．Whatdoweknowabouttheexistenceofmemory?A．Weuseallofourbrain.B．Wehavememorychips.C．Wearefullyawareofit.D．Wearestillconfusedaboutit.答案：D解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞memory定位到最終兩段。作者在指出關(guān)于人類記憶的兩種迥然不同的觀點之后，連續(xù)提出了三個疑問，因此可知我們對于記憶的存在依舊是很困惑的，故選D項。BFuturologists(將來學(xué)家)predictthatlifewillprobablybeverydifferentin2050inallthefieldsofactivity,fromentertainmenttotechnology.Firstofall,itseemsthatTVchannelswillhavedisappearedby2050.Instead,peoplewillchooseaprogrammefroma“menu”(菜單)andacomputerwillsendtheprogrammedirectlytothetelevision.Today,wecanusetheWorldWideWebtoreadnewspaperstoriesandseepicturesonacomputerthousandsofkilometersaway.By2050,music,films,programmes,newspapersandbookswillcometousbycomputer.Wewillalsobeabletosee,smellandtouchthethingsthatweseeontelevision.Intransport,carswillrunonnew,clean“gas”andtheywillgoveryfast.Carswillhavecomputerstocontrolthespeedofthecarandtherewon'tbeanyaccidents.Today,manycarshavecomputersthattelldriversexactlywheretheyare.By2050,thecomputerwillcontrolthecaranddriveittowhereyouwanttogo.SpaceplaneswillflyallovertheworldandpeoplewillflyfromLosAngelestoTokyoinjusttwohours.Intechnology,robotswillhavereplacedpeopleinfactories.Manyfactoriesalreadyuserobots.Bigcompaniespreferrobots—theydonotaskforpayrisesorgoonstrike,andtheywork24hoursaday.By2050,wewillseerobotseverywhere—infactories,schools,offices,hospitals,shopsandhomes.Lastbutnotleast,medicinetechnologywillhaveconqueredmanydiseases.By2050,wewillbeabletohelpblindanddeafpeopleseeagainandhearagain.Scientistswillbeabletoproduceclonesofpeopleanddecidehowtheylook,howtheybehaveandhowmuchintelligencetheyhave.本文是一篇說明文。文章從消遣、交通、機器人、醫(yī)藥學(xué)等角度對2050年時人類生活的改變進行了展望。4．WhatisNOTtrueabouttelevisionby2050accordingtothispassage?A．Onewillbeabletosmellthefoodontelevision.B．Onecanhaveatryofthefoodyouseeontelevision.C．Therewillbenochannelsforustochooseprogrammes.D．Televisionswillbecompletelycontrolledbycomputers.答案：B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。第一段最終一句提及將來人們可以看、聞、觸摸電視上的東西，但沒有提及可以品嘗。故B項表述與文章不符。5．Whatcanbethedevelopmentoftransportthatbenefitspeoplemostby2050?A．Carswillgoataveryhighspeedontheirown.B．Spaceplaneswillflyallovertheworldinashorttime.C．Therewillbelesspollutionandnocaraccidents.D．Computerswilltellpeoplewheretheyaregoing.答案：C解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。其次段前兩句提及“clean‘gas’”與“therewon'tbeanyaccidents”，因此C項正確。6．Itcanbeimpliedinthepassagethatby2050________.A．peoplewilllivemorehealthilyandlongerB．computerwillcontrolthespeedofcarsC．peoplecanreadnewspapersthroughacomputerD．therewillbenopeopleworkinginfactories答案：A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“medicinetechnologywillhaveconqueredmanydiseases”推斷，將來人們會更健康、更長壽。7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspeople'slifeinfuture?A．Doubtful. B．Sad.C．Happy. D．Worried.答案：C解析：觀點看法題。作者在敘述將來生活各個領(lǐng)域的改變時，賜予了主動評價，如clean,injusttwohours,prefer,conquer等詞匯的應(yīng)用，體現(xiàn)了作者主動樂觀的看法。因此選C。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ.七選五)依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Itissometimespossibletofixawater-damagedcellphone.__1__.Thelongeryouwait,themorelikelythephoneisunrepairable.Assoonasyounoticeyourphonehasdroppedintowater,youshouldtakeaclothtowipeitoff.Additionally,youshouldtakeouttheSIMcardandbattery.__2__.Ifyouputyourwater-damagedcellphonebacktogetheranditwon'tturnon,itislikelythatsomewaterhasgottendowninsidethephone.__3__.YoucanremovethebatteryandSIMcardfromthephoneonceagainandplaceallthreecomponentsintoabowlfilledwithrice.Thismayworkbecausericeisveryabsorbent.__4__.Ifthericemethodeitherdidnotwork,youcantakethephoneapartandlayallitspiecesoutsideindirectsunlightforseveralhours.Theheatfromthesunmaycompletelydryouttheinsideandoutsideofthephoneanditsparts.Ifitisrainingorthesunisnotout,youcanuseablowdryeronlowheattogetthesameresults.Ifallofyourattemptsatrepairingyourphoneareunsuccessful,youwilllikelyhavenochoicebuttotakeittoyourcellphoneproviderortoaplacethatrepairscellphonestogetitfixed.Unlessyourphoneisveryvaluable,thecostofrepairingthephonemightbehigherthanwhatyoupaidforit.__5__.Itmaybebeneficialtomeanwhilepurchaseinsurancefromyourcellphoneprovider.A．Ifso,youhavetothrowitB．YoucouldalsouseheattofixitC．Fixingitdoesn'talwaysendupwithsuccessD．RepairingitassoonaspossiblemaybegreaterE．ThenyoumightbebetteroffbuyinganewoneF．Whenthishappens,youcanstillrepairitusingrice,thoughG．Placethemontoapapertowelsothewatercancompletelydrain本文屬于說明文，介紹了四種修理被水損壞了的手機的簡潔易行的方法。1．D解析：依據(jù)空后Thelongeryouwait,themorelikelythephoneisunrepairable可知，D項提出盡快修理它可能更好，為下文“你等待的時間越長，手機就越有可能無法修復(fù)。”做鋪墊，故選D。2．G解析：依據(jù)空前Additionally,youshouldtakeouttheSIMcardandbattery可知，G項提出“把它們放在紙巾上，這樣水就能完全排干”是前文動作的目的，符合語境，故選G。3．F解析：依據(jù)空前Ifyouputyourwater-damagedcellphonebacktogetheranditwon'tturnon,itislikelythatsomewaterhasgottendowninsidethephone.可知，假如你把被水損壞的手機組裝好，但它仍不能開機，很可能是手機內(nèi)部進水了，再依據(jù)后句的rice可知F項提出“但是，當(dāng)這種狀況發(fā)生時，你仍舊可以運用大米進行修復(fù)?！狈险Z境，故選F。4．B解析：本空是一個主題句。本段主要是介紹通過光照和運用吹風(fēng)機對被水損壞的手機進行修理，所以B項“你也可以用熱來修理它”符合本段主旨，故選B。5．E解析：依據(jù)空前Unlessyourphoneisveryvaluable,thecostofrepairingthephonemightbehigherthanwhatyoupaidforit.可知，除非你的手機很值錢，否則修理手機的費用可能會比你買手機花的錢還多，E項“那你最好買個新的”是前文的結(jié)果，符合語境，故選E。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫)閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Onetime,theteachersataschoolwantedtoteachthestudentsaboutairplanes.Whileallairplanescanfly,someareabletoflyfartherthanothers.Thisisbecausenotallairplanesarebuiltthesame.Forexample,afighterplanelooksverydifferentfromaplanethatpeopleflyinwhentheywanttogoonaholiday.Theteacherswonderedhowtheycouldmakestudentsunderstandthis.Then,thescienceteacher,MrMoose,decidedthattheschoolshouldhaveapaperairplanecontest.Everystudentwoulddesignapaperairplane.Theywouldstandinalineintheplaygroundbehindtheschool.Thestudentswouldtaketurnsthrowingtheirairplanes.Thestudentwhoseairplanewentthefarthestwouldwin.WhenMrMooseannouncedthepaperairplanecontesttothestudents,theywereveryexcited.AstudentnamedPaul,whowasontheschoolsportsteam,saidtoeveryoneelsethathisairplanewouldwin.“Iamthestrongest，”Paulsaid.“SoIwillbeabletothrowmyairplanethefarthest.”However,whilePaulwassayingthis,anotherstudent,Brian,wasthinkinghowhecouldwin.Briandidnotplayanysportsandwasnotverystrong.Buthelovedairplanesandreallywantedtowinthecontest.Brianrealizedwhathehadtodo.Hewenttothestoreandboughtabigstack(疊)ofpaper.Whenhegothome,hetookthepaperintohisbackyard.Hetookapieceofpaperandfoldedanairplane.Itdidn'tgoveryfar,soBriantookanotherpieceandfoldedanotherairplaneandthrewit.Thisairplanewentalittlefarther.Briankeptfoldingdifferentkindsofairplanesandthrowingthem.Somewentveryfarandsomedidnot.Finally,whenBrianhad