語法專題分類學(xué)生版

語法精講專題01名詞名詞精講+解題指導(dǎo)+近五年高考真題精練名詞精講名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞。名詞在句中常作主語、賓語、表語、定語、補(bǔ)語和同位語等成分。高考中主要考查名詞的數(shù)、名詞所有格和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。高考近五年考情考點(diǎn)一名詞的數(shù)考點(diǎn)二名詞所有格考點(diǎn)三詞形轉(zhuǎn)換動(dòng)詞變名詞形容詞變名詞考點(diǎn)一名詞的數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞(1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化情況方法例詞一般情況加sstudent→students，teacher→teachers，doctor→doctors，table→tables以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾加esglass→glasses，dish→dishes，box→boxes，watch→watches；但stomach復(fù)數(shù)形式直接加s以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾變y為i再加esfamily→families，baby→babies，army→armies，body→bodies以f或fe結(jié)尾大都變f或fe為v，再加es；少數(shù)直接加sthief→thieves，wife→wives，knife→knives，shelf→shelves，life→lives，belief→beliefs，proof→proofs，roof→roofs，chief→chiefs以o結(jié)尾通常加s有的加esradio→radios，video→videos，zoo→zoos，tobacco→tobaccos，hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes(2)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化變化規(guī)則例詞自身有特殊變化的名詞child→children，man→men，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，mouse→mice，phenomenon→phenomena，medium→media單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese，sheep，deer，series，means，works，species2.不可數(shù)名詞抽象名詞具體化具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時(shí)，可以與不定冠詞連用。這就是抽象名詞的具體化。抽象名詞具體化success成功asuccess一個(gè)(件)成功的人或事failure失敗afailure一個(gè)(件)失敗的人或事surprise驚訝asurprise一件令人驚訝的事情pleasure樂意apleasure一件樂事honour榮譽(yù)anhonour一件引以為榮的事考點(diǎn)二名詞所有格情況構(gòu)成示例表示有生命的名詞的所有格時(shí)在詞尾加“’s”theboy’sbag，men’srooms若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s只在詞尾加“’”theworkers’struggle如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，且分別加“’s”，則表示“分別有……”；若只有后一個(gè)名詞加“’s”，則表示兩個(gè)“共有”。John’sandMary’srooms(兩間)；JohnandMary’sroom(一間)在表示店鋪、教堂、診所的名稱或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格的后面常省略它所修飾的名詞。atthedoctor’s在診所；atmysister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家表示時(shí)間、距離、長度、重量、價(jià)值、國家、城市等無生命名詞的所有格在詞尾加“’s”來表示所屬關(guān)系，意為“……的”atwentyminutes’walk,atenmiles’journey,twopounds’weight,tendollars’worth無生命的名詞的所有格用of結(jié)構(gòu)amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecolouroftheflowers雙重所有格of＋名詞“’s”結(jié)構(gòu)afriendofmyfather’s,worksofLuXun’s考點(diǎn)三詞性轉(zhuǎn)換常見名詞后綴動(dòng)詞變名詞alsurvive→survivalarrive→arrivalapprove→approvalance/enceappear→appearanceannoy→annoyanceexist→existencetion/ation/sionpete→petitionexplain→explanationdiscuss→discussionmentachieve→achievementargue→argumentjudge→jude(e)mentture/urepress→pressuremix→mixturedepart→departurefail→failureydiscover→discoveryrecover→recoverydeliver→delivery其他choose→choicevary→variety形容詞變名詞ageshort→shortagecyefficient→efficiencyfluent→fluencydomfree→freedomwise→wisdomcedifferent→differencesilent→silencenessweak→weaknesscareless→carelessnessthyoung→youthwarm→warmthtrue→truthty/itysafe→safetycruel→crueltydisable→disability【解題指導(dǎo)】語法填空中填名詞的解題思路【典例1】There’snodenyingthatdifferentjudgeshavedifferent(approach)tothesecases.答案approaches解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)知，空處作have的賓語，故考慮用名詞；再由空前的different可知，應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)形式，故用approaches?！镜淅?】Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation，formostofus，the(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.答案changes解析：由空前的限定詞the可知，空處應(yīng)填名詞；再由空后的謂語動(dòng)詞are可知，應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)形式，故用changes。單句語法填空（近五年高考真題）1.（2024新課標(biāo)I卷）TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern62(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.2.（2024新課標(biāo)II卷）Althoughtheycouldneverhavemet,therearemon___57___(theme)intheirworks,saidPaulEdmondson,headofresearchfortheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust.3.（2024全國甲卷）Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tendtocatch(catch)ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.Theyare62(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遺產(chǎn)).4.(2024新課標(biāo)II卷）Thelatest56(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctional(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.5.（2024全國甲卷）Theyallagreedandvowed(承諾)topromotetheideaatthe68(plete)oftheirjourney.6.（2024浙江1月卷）Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe__________(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.7.（2024新課標(biāo)I卷）TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoutethatbroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatoetodefinemuchofthe65(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.8.（2024新課標(biāo)II卷）ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternational___62___(visible),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazedtofindtheconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.9.(2023新課標(biāo)II卷）SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe__________(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorefortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.10.（2023全國甲卷）Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty__________(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.11.（2023新課標(biāo)II卷）Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.12.（2023全國乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacethatwelesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21stcenturyarchitectural(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.13.（2023浙江1月卷）ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric(event).14.（2022新課標(biāo)II卷）Hesavedmy_________(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown.15.（2022全國甲卷）CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___________(protect).16.（2022浙江1月卷）Whentheanswer,wasno,she,declinedthe___________(invite).17.（2022全國乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargestteaproducingcountry,Chinahasa__________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.18.（2022新課標(biāo)I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate___________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,19.（2021新課標(biāo)II卷）Apany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.20.（2021全國乙卷）Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobeeeducateabouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe_____________(develop)ofthelocalareas.21.（2021浙江卷）In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir___________(marry)ceremonyin1842.22.（2021新課標(biāo)I卷）Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_________(human)are.23.（2021全國甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand__________(watchtower)tofakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeople24.（2021全國乙卷）___________(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)25.（2021北京卷）Whydowedream？Scientistsaren'tpletelysure,andtheyhavediverse_____________(idea).26.（2021浙江卷1月）Itiscalculatedbydividinga__________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.27.（2020新課標(biāo)II卷）ChineseNewYearisa___________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.28.（2020新課標(biāo)I卷）Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular__________(interesting)toscientists29.（2020新課標(biāo)III卷）Filledwith__________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.30.（2020新課標(biāo)卷）Historical__________(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.31.（2020年北京卷）Now,lotsof______________(country)andregionsaretakingactiontobanthesaleofsuchbagstostoppeopleusingthem.32.（2020浙江卷）Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe__________(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.33.（2020浙江卷1月）ForJapan,the__________(number)aremorestriking22in1950,46todayand53in2050.語法精講專題02形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞+解題指導(dǎo)+近五年高考真題精練形容詞和副詞精講高考近五年考情考點(diǎn)一形容詞、副詞的詞義辨析；形容詞及副詞的句法功能考點(diǎn)二形容詞和副詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換考點(diǎn)三形容詞和名詞、動(dòng)詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換考點(diǎn)四形容詞和副詞的比較等級考點(diǎn)一形容詞和副詞的用法1.形容詞用法：修飾名詞作定語；跟在系動(dòng)詞后作表語；跟在賓語后作賓補(bǔ)；還可用作狀語。Thewomanmanagedtoescapefromthefirewithherbaby，extremelyterrifiedandexhausted.這名婦女帶著她的孩子逃出了火場，極度驚恐，精疲力竭。Heleft,leavingmealoneintheroom.他離開了，把我一個(gè)人留在房間里。2.副詞用法：修飾動(dòng)詞；修飾形容詞或副詞；單獨(dú)作狀語。Thankfully,Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.謝天謝地，我終于打完比賽了，所有的辛苦最終都是值得的。[點(diǎn)撥]有些副詞如fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally等作評注性狀語時(shí)，往往修飾整個(gè)句子，對整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行說明或解釋，表示說話人的態(tài)度與看法，通常位于句首，常用逗號(hào)與句子分開?？键c(diǎn)二形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則類別例詞直接加lyclear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很，大大地rare→rarely罕有，很少rough→roughly粗略地，大約以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的形容詞，變y為i再加lyhappy→happily高興地heavy→heavily沉重地詞尾為le的形容詞，去掉e，再加y(whole例外)terrible→terribly極度地gentle→gently輕柔地whole→wholly整個(gè)地詞尾為ue的形容詞，去掉e，再加lytrue→truly真實(shí)地詞尾為ll的形容詞，直接加yfull→fully充分地；完全地dull→dully遲鈍地詞尾為ic的形容詞，加ally(public例外)basic→basically基本上scientific→scientifically合乎科學(xué)地考點(diǎn)三形容詞和名詞、動(dòng)詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換動(dòng)詞、名詞變形容詞的后綴常見的動(dòng)詞、名詞變形容詞的后綴有－able，－al，－ful，－ed，－ing，－ible，－ive，－ous，－some，－y，－ern，－ish等。動(dòng)詞、名詞變形容詞歸納匯總后綴例詞1.名詞+yhonest——honesty誠實(shí)的guilt罪惡——guilty內(nèi)疚的health——healthy健康的luck——lucky幸運(yùn)的cloud——cloudy多云的wind—windy多風(fēng)的rain——rainy多雨的snow——snowy多雪的tourist——touristy游客多的er結(jié)尾，改er為ryhunger——hungry饑餓的anger——angry生氣的fog——foggy有霧的sun——sunny陽關(guān)燦爛的fur——furry毛皮的shine——shiny發(fā)亮的taste——tasty美味的2.名詞/動(dòng)詞+ed以輔音+輔音結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加edtalent——talented有天賦的offend——offended生氣的crowd——crowded擁擠的以元音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加dbalance——balanced平衡的organize——organized有組織的pollute——polluted被污染的please——pleased高興的close——closed緊閉的元音加輔音結(jié)尾的單詞，詞尾輔音雙寫再加edspot——spotted有斑點(diǎn)的3．名詞+ful/lesscare——careful/careless小心的/粗心的help——helpful/helpless有幫助的/無助的use——useful/useless有用的/無用的meaning——meaningful/meaningless有意義的/無意義的colour——colourful/colourless多彩的/無色的pain疼痛——painful/painless痛苦的/不痛的thank——thankful/thankless充滿感激的/不知感恩的peace和平——peaceful和平的play游戲——playful愛玩耍的home——homeless無家可歸的4．名詞/動(dòng)詞+ablechange——changeable易變的adjust——adjustable可調(diào)整的fort——fortable舒適的knowledge——knowledgeable知識(shí)淵博的suit——suitable合適的remark——remarkable引人注目的，非凡的動(dòng)詞以輔音加y結(jié)尾把y變i加able，deny——deniable可否認(rèn)的rely——reliable可靠的5.名詞+ouscourage——courageous勇敢的danger——dangerous危險(xiǎn)的space——spacious寬敞的以y結(jié)尾，改y為i再加ousmystery神秘——mysterious神秘的6.ce變tconfidence——confident自信的difference——different不同的dependence——dependent依賴他人的independence——independent獨(dú)立的7.詞尾加aladdition——additional附加的，額外的music——musical音樂的person——personal(私人的)nation——national國家的education——educational有教育意義的tradition——traditional傳統(tǒng)的origin起源——original新穎的；獨(dú)創(chuàng)的function功能——functional實(shí)用的，功能的以元音字母結(jié)尾的單詞，去掉詞尾元音加alnature——natural自然的globe——global全球的特例：class——classical經(jīng)典的medicine藥——medical醫(yī)學(xué)的grammar——grammatical語法的8．名詞+lyfriend——friendly友好的live——lively活躍的，有生氣的love——lovely可愛的week——weekly每周的man——manly男子氣概的；強(qiáng)壯的9.詞尾+enwood——wooden木制的wool——woolen羊毛的10.表示方位的詞East——easternWest——westernSouth——southernNorth——northern11.四大洲Asia亞洲——AsianAfrica非洲——AfricanEurope歐洲——EuropeanAmerica美洲——American12.其他energy精力——energetic精力充沛的strategy——strategic戰(zhàn)略的scientist——scientific科學(xué)的fool傻子——foolish愚蠢的love——loving慈愛的pleasure——pleasant令人愉快的/pleased高興的pride——proud自豪的考點(diǎn)四形容詞和副詞的比較等級1.比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則變化a.單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞，在原級后加er，est構(gòu)成，如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊變化見下表：特殊情況構(gòu)成方法例詞以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾加r和stbrave—braver—bravest以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾變y為i，再加er和esthappy—happier—happiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫詞尾，再加er和esthot—hotter—hottestb.多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞，在原級前加more和most構(gòu)成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily[點(diǎn)撥](1)有少數(shù)幾個(gè)雙音節(jié)形容詞，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。這些雙音節(jié)詞是：mon,handsome,quiet,pleasant,cruel,stupid,secure和以ow，er結(jié)尾的詞。(2)有些形容詞沒有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度，因此沒有比較級和最高級。這類形容詞有：right，wrong，excellent，plete，empty，first，wooden，final，east，last等。(2)不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good，wellbetterbestbad，badly，illworseworstmany，muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar·farther[指時(shí)間或空間上“更遠(yuǎn)(的)”]·further[指空間距離“更遠(yuǎn)(的)”；在更大程度上]·farthest[指時(shí)間或空間上“最久(的)；最遠(yuǎn)(的)”]·furthest[指空間距離“最遠(yuǎn)(的)”；在最大程度上]oldolder/elderoldest/eldest2.比較等級的常用句型(1)同級比較：“as＋形容詞/副詞的原級＋as”，其否定形式是“notas/so＋形容詞/副詞的原級＋as”。(2)比較級：“形容詞/副詞的比較級＋than”；“more/less＋多音節(jié)或某些雙音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞＋than”。常見的修飾比較級的詞有any,much,even,far,byfar,alot,agreatdeal等。ThebookisfarmoreinterestingthanthebooksIhaveeverread.這本書比我讀過的書有趣得多。(3)最高級：“the＋形容詞的最高級(＋名詞)＋比較范圍(in/of/among短語)”；“oneofthe＋形容詞的最高級＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。常用來修飾最高級的詞有byfar,almost以及序數(shù)詞等。Raymond’sparentswantedhimtohavethebestpossibleeducation.雷蒙德的父母想讓他接受最好的教育。(4)“比較級＋and＋比較級”或“moreandmore/lessandless＋原級”表示“越來越……”。Itisrecognisedthattheenvironmentalpollutionhasbeemoreandmoreserious.人們公認(rèn)環(huán)境污染已變得越來越嚴(yán)重了。(5)“the＋比較級＋主語＋謂語，the＋比較級＋主語＋謂語”，表示“越……就越……”。Themoreyouknowaboutourtraditionalculture,themoreyouareinterestedinit.你對我們的傳統(tǒng)文化了解得越多，你就對它越感興趣。(6)“the＋比較級＋of(the)＋名詞/代詞”，表示“(兩者中)較……的”。Ofthetwocameras,Iwouldpreferthesmallerone,whichisveryeasyformetocarry.這兩個(gè)照相機(jī)中，我喜歡較小的那個(gè)，它很容易攜帶。3.比較級表達(dá)最高級含義(1)“否定詞＋比較級”或“否定詞＋such/so...as”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義。Nothingcouldbebetterifsomeoneofferedtohelpthem.如果有人主動(dòng)提出幫助他們，那就再好不過了。(2)比較級在以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)中均表示最高級含義：比較級＋than＋anyother＋單數(shù)名詞比較級＋than＋alltheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級＋than＋anyoftheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriver/thanalltheotherrivers/thananyoftheotherriversinChina.長江比中國的其他任何一條河都長。/長江是中國最長的河。4.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法常見的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法句型主要有：(1)A＋is＋倍數(shù)＋比較級＋than＋B(2)A＋is＋倍數(shù)＋as＋原級＋as＋B(3)A＋is＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size，length，height等)＋of＋B(4)the＋名詞(size，length，height等)＋of＋A＋is＋倍數(shù)＋that＋of＋B(5)A＋is＋倍數(shù)＋what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句Smokingisharmfultopeople’shealth,killingseventimesmorepeopleeachyearthantrafficaccidents.吸煙有害健康，每年因吸煙而喪命的人比死于交通事故的人多7倍?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】1.根據(jù)句子成分判斷是形容詞還是副詞(1)若句子缺定語、表語或補(bǔ)語，要首先想到用形容詞。(2)當(dāng)設(shè)空處作狀語時(shí)，要首先考慮填副詞?！镜淅?】Theriverwassopollutedthatit(actual)caughtfireandburned.答案actually解析：此處修飾動(dòng)詞caught，在句中作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞形式。【典例2】Readinghistoryisan(amaze)experiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeago.答案amazing解析：此處修飾名詞experience，在句中作定語，應(yīng)用形容詞形式。2.看到與than連用，要想到用比較級【典例1】Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris(clean)thanever.答案cleaner解析：根據(jù)后面的than可知，此處要用比較級，因此要用cleaner?！镜淅?】Afterafewmonths，weallfeltthatwehadbeenabletobuildmuch(strong)relationshipswiththefamilythanwehadbefore.答案stronger解析：根據(jù)句中的比較級標(biāo)志詞than可知，本句應(yīng)用比較級，表示幾個(gè)月后的情況與之前的情況進(jìn)行比較，much用于修飾比較級。3.看到and，but，or等連詞前或后用的比較等級形式，要想到用比較等級【典例】Theywerealsothebestand(bad)yearsinmylife.答案worst解析：由并列連詞and前面的“thebest”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級形式。4.看到語境中暗含的比較含義，要想到用比較級(二者之間)或最高級(三者及以上)【典例】Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths________(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.答案earlier解析：由hadmade可知該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在到達(dá)旅館之前，故應(yīng)該是早在六個(gè)月之前我們就已經(jīng)預(yù)訂了，故用比較級earlier。5.看到下列固定搭配，要想到用比較等級(1)the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...【典例】The(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.答案harder解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句為“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”句式，表示“越……，就越……”。故填harder。(2)the＋最高級＋標(biāo)志性詞語或從句【典例】Mymummakesthe(good)biscuitsintheworld，soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.答案best解析：此處前面有the，后面有表示范圍的“intheworld”，所以應(yīng)該用形容詞的最高級。單句語法填空（近五年高考真題）1.（2024新課標(biāo)考I卷）Thelatestengineeringtechniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective________(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.2.（2024新課標(biāo)I卷）Incoldweather,thestructurestays(close)toprotecttheplants.3.（2024全國甲卷）Yellowstonewasthe_________(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark2.2millionacresuntilWrangellSaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,whichbecameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.4.（2023新課標(biāo)I卷）Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,________(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.5.（2023新課標(biāo)II卷）SinceJune2017,rightbeforethearrivalofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorefortableand________(confidence)speakingEnglish.6.（2023浙江卷1月卷）Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby__________(space)homesandwalledgardens.7.（2023全國甲卷）___(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson’sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.8.（2023全國乙卷）The________(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,meansthereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.9.（2023新課標(biāo)I卷）NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris_______(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft

wantingmorenexttime.10.（2023年新課標(biāo)II卷）So,whataretheylearning?________(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.11.（2023浙江1月卷）Theterm“hutong”,(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.12.（2023浙江1月卷）Theirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleand(simple)indesignanddecoration,andthehutongswerenarrower.13.（2023年北京卷語法填空）I’mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,Iwouldthrownahousewarmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup(exact)ontime.14.（2022全國甲卷）Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore_________(meaning).15.（2022年全國甲卷）...andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s_________(high)mountain.16.（2022全國乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe_________(large)teaproducingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.17.（2022全國乙卷）"Itcanhelptobuildamunitywitha________（share）futureformankind,"hesaid.18.(2022北京卷)That’sabigproblemanditisgettingeven________(bad).19.（2022浙江6月卷）Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeir________(exist)senses,inawaysimilartothatof________(sight)people,saysEllaStriemAmit,aHarvardscientist.20.（2022新課標(biāo)I卷）Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus____________(astonish).21.（2022新課標(biāo)I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and_________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.22.(2022浙江1月卷)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,__________(rough)200academicsmanyofthemclimatescientistshavepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.23.（2021新課標(biāo)II卷）Iwasso____________(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthepanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.24.（2021新課標(biāo)II卷）Itoldhimhow____________(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreecofriendlyoptions.25.（2021全國甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir____________(day)routines.26.（2021全國乙卷）Provide____________(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.27.（2021新課標(biāo)I卷）Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the____________(hot)thespring!Strange,isn’tit?28.（2021全國甲卷）Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat____________(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!29.（2021浙江1月卷）Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside,including____________(low)levelsofineandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.30.（2020新課標(biāo)卷）Inthe18thand19thcenturies,____________(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.31.（2020全國I卷）Dataaboutthemoon’sposition,suchashow____________iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhetheritsplansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.32.（2020全國II卷）BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The____________(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpinkcoloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.33.（2020北京卷）Oliversaysifyou're____________(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthemifyoucanjoininwhenit'spossible.34.（2020北京卷）Theyweremuchstrongerthanmodernhumans,butit'slongbeenassumedthathumanancestorswere____________（smart）thantheNeanderthals.35.（2020全國III卷）Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststoeandpresenttheir____________(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.語法精講專題03謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)備考干貨通關(guān)一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)高考考向歸納動(dòng)向一、依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語或句型判斷時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)向二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本用法動(dòng)向三、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義用法二、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)思維導(dǎo)圖三、八種?？紕?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)梳理(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞(詞組)always，everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等連用。Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.我們總是照顧和幫助彼此。2.表示客觀真理、客觀存在及自然現(xiàn)象。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.歲月不等人。3.在when,till/until,assoonas,bythetime,after,before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句以及if，unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。Wewon'tleaveuntilyoue.你來了我們再走。Ifyouethisafternoon,wellhaveameeting.如果你今天下午來，我們將開個(gè)會(huì)。4.表示按時(shí)間表、規(guī)定、計(jì)劃、安排等將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但僅限于少數(shù)表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞。如go，e,leave,arrive,begin,start,return,open,close等。Theplaneleavesatthreesharp.飛機(jī)3點(diǎn)整起飛。(二)一般過去時(shí)1.表示過去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.我忘了告訴你我以前和哥哥去過那兒。2.表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。Ineverdrankcoffee.我過去從不喝咖啡。(三)一般將來時(shí)1.“will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形”表示在現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。DoyouknowMr.Smithhasetoourtown?No.Iwillgoandvisithimrightnow.你知道史密斯先生來我們鎮(zhèn)了嗎?不知道。我現(xiàn)在就去看他。2.begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形(1)表示打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事或肯定要發(fā)生的事。Mr.Smithisgoingtoquithispresentjob.史密斯先生打算辭掉他現(xiàn)在的工作。(2)表示說話人根據(jù)已有的事實(shí)或跡象，認(rèn)為某事即將發(fā)生。Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.瞧那些烏云，天要下雨了。3.“beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示打算或根據(jù)安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。它不與表示具體時(shí)間的狀語連用，但可以與when連用。TheEnglisheveningpartyisabouttostart.英語晚會(huì)即將開始。4.“beto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示約定的、計(jì)劃中的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o'clock.在10點(diǎn)之前你得交上論文。(四)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行且尚未完成的動(dòng)作及狀態(tài)，也可描述現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事情(此時(shí)此刻動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行)，常與thesedays,thisweek/month等時(shí)間狀語連用。Ihearyouareworkinginapub.What'sitlike?Well,it'sveryhardworkandI'malwaystiredbutIdon'tmind.我聽說你在酒吧工作。感覺怎么樣?哦，工作很辛苦，我也總是很累，不過我不介意。2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，這類動(dòng)詞主要有g(shù)o，e,leave,start,arrive,land,meet,move,return,stay,stop,do等。“Themomentisingsoon.”hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.“這一刻很快就要來到了”他自思自忖，緊張地等待著。3.與always,constantly,forever等詞連用時(shí)可表示說話者的一種感情色彩，如贊許、責(zé)備、不滿等。Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.這個(gè)女孩總是在公眾場合大聲說話。(五)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還將持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常用的狀語有l(wèi)ately,recently,inthelast/pastfewdays/years,sincethen,uptonow,sofar等。Inthepastfewyearsmanynewrailwayshavebeenlaiddown.在過去的幾年里修建了許多新鐵路。Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已經(jīng)把燈關(guān)掉了。2.用于時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中,表示將來要完成的動(dòng)作或一個(gè)動(dòng)作先于另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生。HewillbebackbeforeIhavefinishedmywork.在我完成工作之前他會(huì)回來的。3.在“It/Thisisthefirst/second/third/...time+that從句”中，that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Thisisthefirsttimethatwehaveseenafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.這是我們一家人第一次去電影院看電影。4.在“It/Thisisthebest/worst/mostinteresting/.….+名詞+從句”中,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ThisisthemostinterestingbookI’veeverread.這是我讀過的最有趣的一本書。(六)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或過去某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.杰克正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作，這時(shí)停電了。2.表示運(yùn)動(dòng)和位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞可以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)。這類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)eave，start，arrive,go,e等。JoantoldusshewasleavingforWuhannextSaturday.瓊告訴我們她下周六要去武漢。(七)過去完成時(shí)1.表示過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作前已完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。句中常有by，bytheendof等。介詞(短語)和bythetime,before,when,until等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,whomIhadn’tseenforyears.當(dāng)沿著街道散步的時(shí)候，我遇見了多年未見的戴維。2.某些動(dòng)詞用于過去完成時(shí)表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖，意為“本來期望/認(rèn)為/打算……”。這類動(dòng)詞主要有expect，hope，plan,suppose,think,intend,mean,want等。Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.昨天我本來打算去看你，但是來了一位不速之客。3.在“Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely...when..Nosooner...than…”句型結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用過去完成時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí),意為“一……就……”。Hardlyhadthespeakerfinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencekeptaskinghimquestions.演講者一結(jié)束他的講話，觀眾就不停地問他問題。NosoonerhadIgothomethantherainpoureddown.我剛到家，大雨就傾盆而下。4.在“It/Thiswasthefirst/second/...time+that從句”句型中，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。Itwasthesecondtimethathehadwontheelection.那是他第二次在大選中獲勝。(八)過去將來時(shí)1.過去將來時(shí)是“立足過去,著眼未來”的一種時(shí)態(tài),常用于賓語從句中。Hesaidhewouldbehereateighto'clock.他說他將在八點(diǎn)鐘到這里。2.三種表示過去將來時(shí)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)?was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形?was/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形?was/wereaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形Ithoughtitwasgoingtorain.我當(dāng)時(shí)覺得要下雨。Hetoldmehewastogetmarriedthenextweek.他告訴我他下周結(jié)婚對點(diǎn)小練三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)用法（一）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)變化。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式見下表:時(shí)態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+過去分詞am/is/are+being+過去分詞have/hasbeen+過去分詞過去時(shí)was/were+過去分詞was/were+being+過去分詞hadbeen+過去分詞將來時(shí)shall/willbe+過去分詞shall/will+havebeen+過去分詞過去將來時(shí)wouldbe+過去分詞WouldhavebeendoneAninterestingbookwasgiventomebymyfriendonmybirthday.我生日的時(shí)候，朋友送了我一本有趣的書。Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.你應(yīng)該關(guān)注自己的發(fā)音和拼寫。（二）主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的幾種情況1.“系動(dòng)詞feel,sound,taste,look,smell,appear,seem,turn,stay,bee,get,grow,keep等+形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thiskindofwoolshirtfeelssoft.這種羊毛衫摸起來很軟。2.當(dāng)sell,read,cut,wash,write,open,wear(磨損)，run(運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn))，burn等不及物動(dòng)詞后有狀語(well/easily等)修飾，用來表示主語的屬性、特征或功能時(shí),常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Haveyouboughtthebookthatsellswellthesedays?你買了最近銷售得很好的那本書了嗎?3.need,want,require,deserve,bear等動(dòng)詞的后面常用動(dòng)詞ing形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這棟房子需要修理。4.在“主語(人/物)+be+形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”中,動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。Theproblemisdifficulttoworkout.這道題很難計(jì)算出結(jié)果。5.betorent/blame主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Whoistoblameforthemistake?誰應(yīng)為此錯(cuò)誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任呢?6.表示發(fā)生、歸屬的詞或短語，如happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto等不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Ihaveeveryconfidencethatthevictorybelongstous.我完全相信勝利屬于我們。高考真題分類通關(guān)考點(diǎn)一：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)用法，且句中有明確的時(shí)間狀語提示。1.(2024九省聯(lián)考卷）Fountainpens__________(use)inschoolslongagoandhavebeenregainingpopularitylatelybecausetheyarerefillable.2.（2024浙江1月卷）Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets__________(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacks__________(design)withtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).3.（2023北京卷）Uptonow,China__________(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.4.（2022北京卷）Theuseofthoseplastics(increase)by300%since2019.Theworldwon’tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.5.（2021北京卷）There__________(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,causedlargelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.6.（2022新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat__________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.7.（2022全國甲卷）Inthelastfiveyears,Cao_________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,he