專題16.3 閱讀理解（說明文）（第01期） 帶解析

2019年中考真題英語分項(xiàng)匯編（一）【2019?重慶市中考】CinyeeChiu,anartistfromTaiwan,isalwayshappytotrysomethingnew.Heramazingworkswonlotsofprizes.Amongthem,＂24SolarTerms(節(jié)氣)＂isthemostpopular.AncientChinesedividedayearinto24partsaccordingtothechangesoftheweather.It’sthe24solarterms.Butnoteveryoneknowsthemwell.CinyeeChiuputthe24solarternsinpicturestohelppeopleunderstandthembetter.Cinyeeturnedeachsolartermintoananimal.Buttheseanimalsarenotjustanimals.Youcanalsofindseasonalfruits,vegetablesorbeautifulflowersonthem.Whenspringcomes,watergetswarmandfishstarttoswimaround.SoCinyeechosefishasasymbolofStartofSpring.Also,shedrewspringvegetables,Chinesechivesonthebackofthefish.WhiteDewfallsonaboutSept.8.Itshowsthebeginningofthecoolautumn.Therearecolorfulleavesandcoolernightsatthistimeofyear.Asthetemperaturefalls,whitedew(露珠)isoftenseenonthegrassandtreesatnight.ForWhiteDew,Cinyeechosearaccoon—asmallanimalwiththickhair.Shedrewwhitespots(小圓點(diǎn))ontheraccoontoshowdew.Andsheusedthedragonfruittoshowtherichcolorsinautumn.TheyoungartistreallygavetheancientChinesecultureanewlook.1.Thewritergave___________examplestoshowCinyee’s＂24SolarTerms＂.A.two B.three C.four D.five2.FromParagraph5,weknowthat___________.A.araccoonlikesfishB.StartofSpringfallsonaboutDec.8C.WhiteDewshowstheendoftheautumnD.Cinyeeusedwhitespotstoshowdew3.Accordingtothepassage,Picture___________can’tbefromCinyee’s＂24SolarTerms＂.A. B. C. D.4.Thewritermainlywantstotalkabout___________.A.whyCinyeemadeherselfknownB.whodividedayearinto24partsC.howCinyeeshowedthe24solartermsD.whatStartofSpringandWhiteDewmean【文章大意】本文介紹了來自臺灣的藝術(shù)家CinyeeChiu是如何用動物來展示24節(jié)氣的。Cinyee把每個節(jié)氣都變成了一種動物。并且通過兩個例子：魚代表立春；浣熊代表白露。來加以說明。最后說明了這位年輕的藝術(shù)家使中國古代文化煥然一新。1.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)句子SoCinyeechosefishasasymbolofStartofSpring.因此，Cinyee選擇魚作為立春的象征。和句子ForWhiteDew,Cinyeechosearaccoon—asmallanimalwiththickhair.Shedrewwhitespots(小圓點(diǎn))ontheraccoontoshowdew.對于白露這一節(jié)氣，CinyeeChiu選擇了一只浣熊——一種長著濃密毛發(fā)的小動物。她在浣熊身上畫了白點(diǎn)（小圓點(diǎn)）來表示露水?？芍?，作者舉了兩個例子來說明Cinyee的＂24節(jié)氣＂。故選A。2.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Cinyeechosearaccoon—asmallanimalwiththickhair.Cinyee選擇了一只浣熊——一種長著濃密毛發(fā)的小動物?？芍?，A不對；選項(xiàng)B的句子StartofSpringfallsonaboutDec.8.立春大約在12月8日左右。短文中并沒有提到，因此B不正確；根據(jù)原文WhiteDewfallsonaboutSept.8.Itshowsthebeginningofthecoolautumn.白露在9月8日左右。它顯示了涼爽的秋天的開始。因此選項(xiàng)C.WhiteDewshowstheendoftheautumn白露表示秋末。是錯誤的；根據(jù)第五段的句子Shedrewwhitespots(小圓點(diǎn))ontheraccoontoshowdew.她在浣熊身上畫了白點(diǎn)（小圓點(diǎn)）來表示露水。可知，Cinyee使用白點(diǎn)來顯示露水。因此本題正確的答案為D。3.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問哪一幅圖不可能來自Cinyee的24節(jié)氣。根據(jù)Cinyeeturnedeachsolartermintoananimal.Cinyee可知，Cinyee把每個節(jié)氣都變成了一種動物。而圖片D是＂畫了一只鳥的立春圖＂，是掛歷性質(zhì)的一幅圖片，所以該選項(xiàng)不可能來自于Cinyee的24節(jié)氣。故選D。4.C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)Amongthem,＂24SolarTerms(節(jié)氣)＂isthemostpopular.其中，＂24節(jié)氣＂最受歡迎。以及下文的兩個例子，主要用來說明Cinyee是如何用動物圖片來展示24個節(jié)氣的。所以選C。（二）【2019?浙江省溫州市】Manyobjectsintheuniverseareinvisible,buttheysendradiowaves.Theradiotelescopethusappeared,anditisconsideredoneofthegreatestinventionsinthetwentiethcentury.Reberbuilttheworld’sfirstradiotelescopein1937.RyleandHewishdevelopedradiotelescopesystemsforthelocationofweakradiosources,andtheysharedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1974.Aradiotelescopeisusuallymadeupof:Oneormoreantennastocollecttheradiowaves.Mostantennasaremadeintheshapeofadishtocollectandreflect,theradiowavestothesub-reflector,inthesamewayasacurvedmirrorfocusesvisiblelighttoonepoint.Areceiverandamplifiertoreceivetheradiowavesfromthesub-reflector,andmaketheseweakradiowavesstrongenoughtoberecordedandturnedintoelectronicsignals.Tomakeanamplifiersensitiveenough,itisusuallycooledto,verylowtemperatures(e.g.aslowas-270℃）.Arecordertokeeparecordoftheelectronicsignals.Most:radiotelescopestodaykeepthesignalstothecomputer’smemorydiskforastronomerstoanalyzelater.Radiowavelengthsaremuchlongerthanthoseofvisiblelight,andtheradiowavesfromdeepspacearealwaysweak.TocatchRadiowavelengthsaremuchlongerthanthoseofvisiblelight,andtheradiowavesfromdeepspacearealwaysweak.Tocatchthesewaves,radiotelescopesusuallyhavehugeantennas.Thesizesofmostantennasinusetodayarearound50to300metresindiameter.TheantennaofFASTinGuizhou,China,thelatestandlargestradiotelescopeintheworld,is500metresindiameter,aslargeasthesizeof30footballfields.Toavoidinterferences,andkeepthetelescopessensitive,radiotelescopesarebuiltinplaceswheretherearenohumanradiowavesorelectronicsignals.Forexample,FASTis5kilometresawayfromtheclosestvillageand25kilometresawayfromthenearesttown.Radiotelescopescreatepicturesofthesky,notinvisiblelight,butinradiowaves.Thisisextremelyuseful,becausethereareobjectsthatcan’tbeseen,objectsthatwewouldn’tevenknowwithoutradiotelescopes.5.Radiotelescopeshelpcollect___________fromtheuniverseA.light B.objects C.radiowaves D.visiblesignals6.Mostantennasofradiotelescopesaremadeintheshapeofadishto___________.A.maketheantennasstrongenough B.increasethenumberofradiowavesC.turnradiowavesintoelectronicsignals D.focusradiowavesonthesub-reflector7.Theunderlinedword"interferences"inthepassagerefersto___________.A.thenoisesmadebyvillagersandanimalsB.thesoundsfromtheradiosandtelevisionsC.thepeoplewhogotoGuizhoutowatchFASTworkD.theradiowavesandelectronicsignalsfromhumans8.Whathavewedonewiththehelpofradiotelescopes?A.Wehavereceivedpicturesofdeepspace.B.Wehavediscoveredunknownlivesintheuniverse.C.Wehavefoundsomeunknownobjectsintheuniverse.D.Wehaveturnedtheradiowavesfromspaceintolight.【文章大意】本文主要介紹了無線電天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡，詳細(xì)介紹了它的發(fā)明、構(gòu)成、工作原理、作用等。5.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的信息Aradiotelescopeisusuallymadeupof：Oneormoreantennastocollecttheradiowaves.可知，無線天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡幫助收集宇宙中的無線電波，故答案選C。6.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的信息Mostantennasaremadeintheshapeofadishtocollectandreflect,theradiowavestothesub-reflector,inthesamewayasacurvedmirrorfocusesvisiblelighttoonepoint.可知，大多數(shù)無線天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡的天線都是碟形的，用來將無線電波聚焦在副反射器上，故答案選D。7.D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文andkeepthetelescopessensitive,radiotelescopesarebuiltinplaceswheretherearenohumanradiowavesorelectronicsignals.可知是為了避免干擾，保持望遠(yuǎn)鏡的靈敏度，無線天文電望遠(yuǎn)鏡建在沒有人類無線電波或電子信號的地方。所以"interferences"指的是來自人類的無線電波和電子信號，故答案選D。8.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的信息Thisisextremelyuseful,becausethereareobjectsthatcan’tbeseen,objectsthatwewouldn’tevenknowwithoutradiotelescopes.可推知，在無線天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡的幫助下，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了宇宙中一些未知的物體，故答案選C。（三）【2019?浙江省衢州市】Theworldhasaplasticsproblem.Andnotjustwithbottles.Straws(吸管),toothbrushes,toys—allkindsofplasticsareplacedinlandfills.Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.Landfillshavealargepartofit.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloatingaroundoutthere.Andmostplasticwon’tdisappearitself.Itwillremainintheoceanforever.Whalesgetcaughtinplasticfishingnets.Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.Itendangersoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.Governmentsarerealizingthatrecyclingmaynotbeenough.Theyaretakingmoreactions.Thoughitishardwork,itisstillasolvableproblem.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.TheUSalonethrowsawaysome500millionplasticstrawsaday.That’senoughtocircletheEarthtwice.＂Sayingnotoaplasticstrawisaneasywaytomakeabigdifference,＂DanaLofflinwhostartedsaid.＂Dowereallywanttopassontoourchildrenaworldharmedbyplastic?＂Peoplehavefoundsometastywaystoreducewaste.AcompanyinIndiamadethefirst-everspoonthatpeoplecaneat.Youdon’thavetoeatthespoon.Youcanthrowitaway.Itdecomposes(分解)injustafewdays.DavidEdwards,ascientistatHarvardUniversity,designedaneatablebagwhichcanprotectthefoodordrinkinside.Itisadeliciousreplacementforplasticones.9.Accordingtothewrite,birdsdiebecausethey___________.A.eatbottlecapsandstraws B.getcaughtinfishingnetsC.feedonoceananimals D.havethespoonsinIndia10.Theunderlinedword"endangers"inParagraph2probablymeans___________.A.brings B.loses C.harms D.saves11.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto___________.A.introducesomewaystorecyclewasteB.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC.compareairpollutionandplasticpollutionD.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwaste12.Fromthepassage,wecantellthattheplasticsproblem___________.A.istoobigforpeopletosolve B.canbesolvedbyrecyclingaloneC.canbesolved,butitwon’tbeeasy D.willhavetobesolvedbyfuturescientists【文章大意】本文講述了關(guān)于塑料問題。塑料廢料越來越多。到2050年，他們可能有130億噸。許多塑料垃圾都能進(jìn)入海洋。它危及海洋生物。塑料垃圾甚至最終會進(jìn)入我們吃的食物中。各國政府正正在采取更多的行動。塑料問題是可以解決，但不容易。9.A【解析】題意：據(jù)報道，鳥類死亡是因?yàn)開_________?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第2段第6句Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.（鳥死于吃塑料吸管和瓶蓋。）可知＂鳥類死亡是因?yàn)轼B吃塑料吸管和瓶蓋＂；故選A。10.C【解析】題意：第2段中下畫線單詞＂endangers＂可能意思是__________?？疾樵~義猜測。A.brings帶來；B.loses失去；C.harms傷害；D.saves拯救。根據(jù)上文Whalesgetcaughtinplasticfishingnets.Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.（鯨魚被塑料漁網(wǎng)捕獲。鳥死于吃塑料吸管和瓶蓋。）描述可知＂此句Itendangersoceanlife.句意是：它危害海洋生物。＂根據(jù)句意可知＂endangers＂可能意思是＂harms＂；選C。11.B【解析】題意：這篇文章的目的主要是__________?？疾橹髦祭斫狻１疚闹v述了關(guān)于塑料問題。根據(jù)本文主要內(nèi)容可知這篇文章的目的主要是告訴讀者塑料的問題；故選B。12.C【解析】題意：從文章中我們可以看出塑料問題__________。考查主旨理解。根據(jù)第3段第3句Thoughitishardwork,itisstillasolvableproblem.（雖然工作很辛苦，但仍然是一個可以解決的問題。）可知從文章中我們可以看出塑料問題可以解決，但不容易；故選C。（四）【2019?四川省廣安市】Artificialintelligence(AI)(人工智能)istheabilityofacomputerprogramoramachine.ThecomputerorthemachinewithAIcanthinkandlearn.Itisalsoafieldofstudythattriestomakecomputers"smart".JohnMcCarthy,ascientist,cameupwith(提出)thename"artificialintelligence"over60yearsago.Manythingssuchaslearningandproblemsolvingcanbedonebycomputers,thoughnotinthesamewayaspeopledo.AnunusualgoalofAIresearchistocreatecomputerprograms.Theycanlearn,solveproblems,andthinklogically(邏輯地）.Atpresent,Alcansuccessfullyunderstandinghumanspeech,recognizie(識別）humanfaces,operateself-drivingcarsandcompeteinsomegamesystemslikeplayingChess.However,somepeoplealsoconsider(認(rèn)為）AIadangertohumansifitdevelopstooquickly.AfamousBritishscientistalsowasnotforthiskindoftechnology.MathisthebasiclanguageofAI.Ifstudentsaregoodatmath,theywillbemorelikelytobecomesuccessfulAIdesigners(設(shè)計(jì)者）inthefuture.Weneednotonlybrightstudents,butalsoaverage(普通的）students.Asfor(對于）averagestudents,iftheygetenoughmathskills,theycanalsobecomesuccessfulAIdesigners.Besides,agoodknowledgeofcomputerscienceisalsonecessaryforAIdesigning.Scientistshopetocreatecreative(有創(chuàng)造力）andemotional(有感情的）AI.TheAIcanpossiblyunderstandhumanfeelingsorcreateart.Manywaysandtoolshavebeentriedtodiscoverthiswideandexcitingfield.13.FromParagraph1,weknowthat___________.A.allproblemscanbesolvedbycomputersB.machineswithAIcanthinkandlearnC.AIhasbeenaroundforonly60yearsD.AIworksinthesamewayaspeople14.Accordingtothepassage,whatcan’tAIdoatpresent?A.Understandhumanspeech. B.Operateself-drivingcars.C.Competeinsomegamesystems. D.Understandhumanfeelings.15.Theunderlinedword＂it＂inParagraph2refersto(指的是）___________.A.chess B.ascientist C.thedanger D.AI16.Accordingtothepassage,ifstudentswanttobecomesuccessfulAIdesigners,theyshouldlearn___________well.A.mathandart B.artandtechnologyC.mathandcomputerscience D.artandcomputerscience17.Paragraph4mainlytellsusthescientist___________aboutAI.A.wishes B.worries C.feelings D.discoveries【文章大意】人工智能是電腦程序或者機(jī)器可以學(xué)習(xí)和思考的一種能力，這方面的研究目的在于創(chuàng)造出能學(xué)習(xí)、解決問題和思考的電腦程序。本文簡單介紹了人工智能，并表示科學(xué)家們正在這個領(lǐng)域努力研究。13.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句和第二句Artificialintelligence(AI)(人工智能)istheabilityofacomputerprogramoramachine.ThecomputerorthemachinewithAIcanthinkandlearn.人工智能是計(jì)算機(jī)程序或機(jī)器的能力。計(jì)算機(jī)或具有人工智能的機(jī)器可以思考和學(xué)習(xí)。可知，故選B。14.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Atpresent,Alcansuccessfullyunderstandinghumanspeech,recognizie(識別）humanfaces,operateself-drivingcarsandcompeteinsomegamesystemslikeplayingChess.目前，艾爾能夠成功地理解人類的語言，識別（識別）人類的面孔，操作自動駕駛的汽車，并在一些游戲系統(tǒng)（如下棋）中進(jìn)行競爭?？芍蔬xD。15.D【解析】代詞指代題。根據(jù)上文的Somepeoplealsoconsider(認(rèn)為）AIadangertohumans有些人還認(rèn)為人工智能對人類是一種危險?？芍?，it指的是AI，如果人工智能發(fā)展迅速的話，它對人類是一種危險。故選D。16.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中Weneednotonlybrightstudents,butalsoaverage(普通的）students.Asfor(對于）averagestudents,iftheygetenoughmathskills,theycanalsobecomesuccessfulAIdesigners.Besides,agoodknowledgeofcomputerscienceisalsonecessaryforAIdesigning.我們不僅需要聰明的學(xué)生，也需要普通的學(xué)生。至于普通的學(xué)生，如果他們有足夠的數(shù)學(xué)技能，他們也可以成為成功的人工智能設(shè)計(jì)師。此外，對于人工智能設(shè)計(jì)來說，良好的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)知識也是必不可少的。可知，故選C。17.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Scientistshopetocreatecreative(有創(chuàng)造力）andemotional(有感情的）AI.TheAIcanpossiblyunderstandhumanfeelingsorcreateart.Manywaysandtoolshavebeentriedtodiscoverthiswideandexcitingfield.科學(xué)家們希望創(chuàng)造出有創(chuàng)造力和情感的人工智能。人工智能可能理解人類的感受或創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)。許多方法和工具都試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)這個廣闊而令人興奮的領(lǐng)域?？芍蔬xA。【點(diǎn)睛】閱讀理解一般考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解能力、主旨理解能力和推理判斷能力。做閱讀理解題，首先要準(zhǔn)確理解題意，然后根據(jù)題意和短文內(nèi)容選出正確的答案。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力，此類型題較簡單，學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確理解題意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜詞能力。做這種題型時，學(xué)生要根據(jù)上下文意思準(zhǔn)確猜出詞義。3）考查推理判斷能力，此類題型較難，學(xué)生要準(zhǔn)確理解題意后，在文中找出相關(guān)的內(nèi)容做出合理的推斷。本文主要考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解能力。準(zhǔn)確理解題意后，到文中找出相關(guān)的敘述，做出正確的判斷。（五）【2019?安徽省中考】Theworldusesaboutathousandmillion(百萬)tonsofwateraday.Waterisahumanrightandeveryoneshouldhavetheirshare.Yetmorethan700millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavetroublegettingclean,safewater.Treatingwastewaterisagoodwaytoprovidefreshwaterforus.Anditalsohelpstheenvironmentbykeepingwasteoutofriversandoceans.80%ofwastewateraroundtheworldisnottreatedatall,anditisrunningintooceans.Butnowwehavegotthetechnologytotreatandreusethewastewater.While75%ofourplanetiscoveredwithwater,onlyabout2%isfreshwater—thatcomesfromrivers,lakes,iceandsnow.Therest,98%ofthewater,isinseasandoceans.Itistoosaltytodrink.Thendesalinationbusinessescomein.Morethan19,000factorieshavebeenbuiltaroundtheworld,mostlyincoastalcountries.Theyprocess(加工)morethan92milliontonsofwatereveryday.Butthetechnologytheyuserequiresalotofenergy.Scientistsareworkingtocreatealesscostlytechnology.Theywanttoproduce20timesmorecleanwaterandmakesureeveryonehasenough.Butfornow,theworldstillfaceseachdaywithnothavingenoughwaterforeveryone.18.Howmanypeoplehavetroubleingettingcleanwateraroundtheworld?A.Under10million. B.Only19million.C.About92million. D.Over700million.19.Treatingwastewaterhelpstheenvironmentby___________.A.storingwasteiniceandsnow B.lettingwasterunintooceansC.keepingwasteoutofriversandoceans D.sendingwastetocoastalcountries20.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"desalination"inParagraph3mean?A.遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸 B.潮汐發(fā)電 C.食鹽銷售 D.海水淡化21.Atpresent,thetechnologytoprocesswater___________.A.needsmuchenergy B.savesmuchmoneyC.satisfieseveryone D.causespollution22.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Watershouldbeahumanright. B.Thewaterproblemisstillserious.C.Ourplanetiscoveredwithwater. D.Everyonehasenoughcleanwater.【文章大意】＂水是生命之源＂，我們的生活離不開水。但地球上的水資源是有限的，全世界很多地方的人們?nèi)匀粵]有辦法獲得干凈、安全的水?，F(xiàn)在我們有了一項(xiàng)新的技術(shù)，可以處理和再利用廢水，但它需要大量的能源，因此科學(xué)家們正在努力創(chuàng)造一種成本更低的技術(shù)。18.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第一段最后一句話Yetmorethan700millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavetroublegettingclean,safewater.可知，有超過7億人在獲得清潔、安全的水方面存在困難。由此可知應(yīng)選D。19.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段Treatingwastewaterisagoodwaytoprovidefreshwaterforus.Anditalsohelpstheenvironmentbykeepingwasteoutofriversandoceans.可知，處理廢水可以使廢物遠(yuǎn)離河流和海洋，從而有利于保護(hù)環(huán)境。由此可知應(yīng)選C。20.D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)單詞所在的上下文語境Therest,98%ofthewater,isinseasandoceans.Itistoosaltytodrink.Thendesalinationbusinessescomein.，地球上98%的水在海洋里，是咸水不能喝，然后下文Morethan19,000factorieshavebeenbuiltaroundtheworld提到了很多處理海水的工廠。由此可推測desalination的意思應(yīng)該是＂海水淡化＂，故應(yīng)選D。21.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段最后一句話Butthetechnologytheyuserequiresalotofenergy.可知，現(xiàn)在處理海水的技術(shù)需要大量的能量。由此可知應(yīng)選A。22.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文最后一句話Butfornow,theworldstillfaceseachdaywithnothavingenoughwaterforeveryone.可知，現(xiàn)在，世界每天仍然面臨著沒有足夠的水供每個人使用。由此可知現(xiàn)在水問題仍然非常嚴(yán)重，故應(yīng)選B。（六）【2019?山東省青島市】Windpowerisaverycleansourceofenergy.Thisishowwindpowerworks.Windmakeswindmillsspin(旋轉(zhuǎn)).Whenthewindmillsspin,theymakeelectricity.Thenwecanusetheelectricity.Alotofpeoplethinkthatwindpowerisnew,butthat’snottrue.Forthousandsofyears,peoplehaveusedwindtosailboatsandmovewater.Westilldothosethingstoday,butthesedayswemostlyusewindpowertomakeelectricity.Windpowerisaverypopularsourceofenergy.Mostpeoplethinkthatweshoulduseitmoreandmore.Firstofall,it’sclean.Windmillsdon’tpollutetheenvironmentatall.Second,wecanusewindpowerforever.Afterall,wewillalwayshavewind.Also,windpowerischeap,andit’sgettingevencheaper.Alotofpeopledon’tunderstandwindpowerverywell.Theybelievethatthereareproblemswithwindpower,butmanyofthoseproblemsarenotreal.Forexample,somepeoplesaythatwindmillsaredangerousforbirds.Theyusedtobetrue,butitisn’ttrueanymore.Oldwindmillskilledbirdsbecausetheyspunveryfast.Newwindmillsspinslowly,andtheyaren’tdangerousforbirds.However,therearerealproblemswithwindmills.Oneproblemisthatmanypeoplethinkwindmillsareveryugly.Thisisaproblemforpeople,becausewindmillsareofteninveryprettyareas.Also,winddoesn’tblowallthetime,sowecan’tusewindpowerallthetime.Finally,windmillsarenoisy.Windpowerisbecomingmoreandmorecommon.Rightnow,morethan80countriesusewindpower.About2.5percentoftheworld’spowercomesfromthewind.Forsomecountries,thatnumberisalothigher.WindpowergivesDenmarkmorethan25percentofitselectricity.23.WhyDON’Tnewwindmillskillbirds?Because___________.A.birdsdon’tflynearthem B.theyspinslowlyC.theyareshorterthanoldwindmills D.newwindmillsdon’tspin24.Whendidpeoplestartusingwindpower?A.About25yearsago. B.About80yearsago.C.About500yearsago. D.Over1,000yearsago.25.___________,soweCAN’Tusewindpowerallthetime.A.Windmillsbreakallthetime B.Wecan’tusewindmillsatnightC.Windmillsaretooexpensivetouseallthetime D.Winddoesn’tblowallthetime26.Whatdoesthearticlesayaboutwindpower?A.Mostpeopledon’tlikeit. B.It’sgettingcheaper.C.Denmarkdoesn’tuseit. D.It’sgettingmoreexpensive.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ExpensiveWindmills B.CheapandCleanEnergyC.PopularandCleanWindPower D.DangerousBirds【文章大意】短文介紹了人類對風(fēng)能的利用。過去風(fēng)能主要使用于海上航行和水利灌溉，而現(xiàn)在主要用風(fēng)力發(fā)電。風(fēng)能是一種非常清潔的能源。也是一種非常流行的能源。還介紹了風(fēng)車一些弊端。風(fēng)力發(fā)電越來越普遍，目前，80多個國家使用風(fēng)力發(fā)電。世界上約2.5%的電力來自風(fēng)能。23.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的句子＂Oldwindmillskilledbirdsbecausetheyspunveryfast.Newwindmillsspinslowly,andtheyaren’tdangerousforbirds.＂舊風(fēng)車殺死鳥是因?yàn)樗鼈冃D(zhuǎn)得很快。新的風(fēng)車旋轉(zhuǎn)緩慢，對鳥類來說并不危險。故答案為B。24.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的句子＂Forthousandsofyears,peoplehaveusedwindtosailboatsandmovewater.＂幾千年來，人們借助風(fēng)帆來航行和通過風(fēng)車來灌溉。因此借助風(fēng)力至少有一千多年的歷史，答案是D。25.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的句子＂Also,winddoesn’tblowallthetime,sowecan’tusewindpowerallthetime.＂風(fēng)不會一直吹，所以我們不能一直使用風(fēng)力。故答案為D。26.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的句子＂Windpowerisaverypopularsourceofenergy.＂可知，風(fēng)能是一種非常流行的能源，A選項(xiàng)錯誤；根據(jù)第二段中的句子＂Also,windpowerischeap,andit’sgettingevencheaper.＂可知風(fēng)能很便宜，而且越來越便宜。B選項(xiàng)正確，D選項(xiàng)錯誤；根據(jù)最后一句＂WindpowergivesDenmarkmorethan25percentofitselectricity.＂風(fēng)力發(fā)電為丹麥提供了超過25%的電力。C選項(xiàng)錯誤。故答案選B。27.C【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。短文介紹了人類對風(fēng)能的利用。風(fēng)能是一種非常清潔的能源，也是一種非常流行的能源。故答案為C?！军c(diǎn)睛】標(biāo)題歸納題是閱讀理解中常見的一個題型，這類題主要是測試學(xué)生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題標(biāo)題或目的設(shè)題。這類題通常圍繞一個中心思想展開，一些文章一開頭便展示出文章的中心思想，第一段常常是內(nèi)容的梗概，同時又表達(dá)了中心思想，也有一些文章的中心思想貫穿全文，并沒有用一句話明確表達(dá)出來，這就要求學(xué)生學(xué)會歸納概括。每個段落往往也由一個主題句或幾個陳述句構(gòu)成，它們在句中的位置不同，有時在開頭，首先點(diǎn)明本段大意，有時在結(jié)尾，總結(jié)本段大意。例如第5小題，文章的中心思想貫穿一二段的開頭，風(fēng)能是一種非常清潔的能源。也是一種非常流行的能源。故答案為C。（七）【2019?江蘇省宿遷市】Technologyisdevelopingfastandithasbecomeanimportantpartofourlife.Thenwhatwilltheworldbelikeinthefuture?3-Dfoodwillbebothdeliciousandnutritious(有營養(yǎng)的).Wecanuse3-Dprinterstoprintsomebasicmaterials.①Andwecangofurther.Scientistsbelievethatwejustneedtoturnonaprinterinthekitchenandthenwecanenjoyourfavouritefoodwheneverwelike.②5Gnetworkwillallowmanymorepeopletogetinformation.BigcompanieslikeChinaMobileandChinaUnicomwillstarttooffer5G.Itissaidthatpromisesdownloadspeeds10to20timesfasterthan4G.Forexample,wecandownloadafilmwithinjust1second.Butwitha4Gnetwork,ittakesafewminutes.Therewillbemuchbandwidth(帶寬)andwecangetunlimited(無限的)information.Underwatercitieswillprovidemorespace.Theearthisbecomingmoreandmorecrowded.Wemayturntounderwaterhomes,whichwillbebuiltaslowas15oftheseacanbeusedtoprovidepowerforthehomes.③Foruscommonpeopleontheearth,thedreamoftravellingaroundspacewillcometrue.Inthecomingyears,spacecraftwillbeaspopularasbuses,trainsandplanes.Wecanleaveourhomeandenterspacetotakeanadventure(冒險).Andevenwewillgetusedtolivingthere.Arobotwillbeapartoflife.Robotscandomanyofthesamethingsaswehumansdolikedrivingcars.Buttheywillbeusedinotherareasaswell.Theywillbeabletothink.Theycantellthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.Theycanfeel④Inaword,justasJulesVernesaid,＂Anythingonemancanimagine,othermencanmakereal.＂28.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefutureworldisTRUE?A.3-Dfoodwillbeeasytomakebutwon’ttastegood.B.With5G,userswillgetonlyalittleinformation.C.Underwatercitieswillprovidemorelivingspace.D.Arobotwilldoeverythingforusashumanbeings.29.Wherecanthesentence＂Spacetourwillbeapieceofcake.＂Beput?A.① B.② C.③ D.④30.Whatcanweinfer(推斷)fromthepassage?A.peoplewillliveahardlifeinthefuture.B.Technologywillmakeourfuturebetter.C.Peoplewillhavenorealfriendinthefuture.D.Technologywillmakenodifferencetoourfuture.31.Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Astorybook. B.Afilmposter.C.Atravelguide. D.Asciencemagazine.【文章大意】本文是科普文，從3D食物美味又營養(yǎng)、5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)將使更多的人獲得信息、水下城市將提供更多的空間、太空旅行夢想成真和機(jī)器人將成為生活的一部分五個方面，介紹了科技將使我們的未來生活更美好。28.C【解析】題意：根據(jù)短文，下列哪個關(guān)于未來世界的陳述是正確的?考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。A.3D食物制作起來很容易，但味道不會很好。B.有了5G，用戶只會得到很少的信息。C.水下城市將提供更多的生活空間。D.機(jī)器人會為我們?nèi)祟愖鋈魏问虑?。A、B、D三項(xiàng)敘述與短文不符，根據(jù)第4段首句Underwatercitieswillprovidemorespace.可知選C。29.C【解析】題意：＂Spacetourwillbeapieceofcake＂這句話能放在哪里呢？考查綜合理解。根據(jù)Foruscommonpeopleontheearth,thedreamoftravellingaroundspacewillcometrue.可知本段介紹的是太空旅游，Spacetourwillbeapieceofcake（太空游將是小菜一碟）符合段意，故選C。30.B【解析】題意：我們能從這篇文章中推斷出什么?考查細(xì)節(jié)判斷。根據(jù)短文第2/3/4/5各段所介紹的未來生活的便利，可知科技將使我們的未來生活更美好，Technologywillmakeourfuturebetter.符合文意，故選B。31.D【解析】題意：這篇文章可能來自哪里?考查來源判斷。A.一個故事書。B.一張電影海報。C.旅游指南。D.一本科學(xué)雜志。根據(jù)Technologyisdevelopingfastandithasbecomeanimportantpartofourlife.Thenwhatwilltheworldbelikeinthefuture?可知本文應(yīng)該來自科學(xué)雜志，故選D。（八）【2019?山東省濱州市】OnApril19th,apottery(陶器)exhibitionwasheldatWuhanOpticalExperimentalValleySchool.Manypiecesofpotteryindifferentsizeswereshownattheschool.Somewereabitbroken,butallofthemwerebeautifulworksofartcreatedbythestudents.Attheendoflastyear,theschoolstartedaprojectthatcalledonteacherstocollectdisusedorbrokenpiecesofpotteryfromthecountryside.Sofar,theyhavecollectedabout3,000pieces."PotteryusedtoplayanimportantroleinthedailylivesofChinesepeople."schoolheadMaGuoxintoldthereporter."Bypotterypainting,thestudentscanimprovethemselvesinmanyways.Theycanbetterunderstandthehistoryofthepottery,puttheircreativityintothepotteryandshowtheloveforlifeandbeauty."Studentsturnedthepotteryintodifferentworksofart.Theywereallencouragedtopaintpicturesonthepottery,eventhoughsomestudentsdidn’tknowhowtopaint.WangZixuan,astudentfromGradeEight,withlittleknowledgeofpainting,paintedabeautifulnightsceneryonapieceofpottery.Itwassonicethatmanystudentslovedit.Almosteveryclassroomhascolouredpiecesofpottery.Theyareeitherusedasflowerpotsorpencontainers（筆筒）.Theschoolhasalsosetupseveralartcornerstoshowthepottery.Forexample,thestudentshaveputupsomepotteryonbookcasesoutsideofalecturehall（報告廳）Ithasbecomeanenjoyableplaceforstudentstorestandread.32.OnApril19th,a___________exhibitionwasheldatWuhanOpticalValleyExperimentSchool.A.flower B.film C.pottery D.costume33.Accordingtothepassage,___________wereencouragedtopaintthepottery.A.thestudentswhopaintedverywellB.thestudentswhogotgoodgradesC.thestudentswhodidn’tknowhowtopaintD.allthestudentsintheschool34.Bypotterypainting,thestudentscanimprovethemselvesinmanywaysEXCEPT___________.A.knowinghowtocollectpotteryB.betterunderstandingthehistoryofthepotteryC.puttingtheircreativityintothepotteryD.showingtheloveforlifeandbeauty35.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Theschoolhascollectedabout2,000piecesofpotterysofar.B.WangZixuanwasastudentfromGradeSeven.C.Wecan’tfindanycolouredpotteryintheirclassrooms.D.Thestudentsenjoyrestingandreadingattheartcorners.36.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwereadthepassage?A.Sportsnews. B.Traditionalart.C.Healthyliving. D.Popularmusic.【文章大意】本文是新聞類閱讀，報道了武漢光谷實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校舉辦的陶藝作品展，介紹了老舊陶器如何在學(xué)生手中變身藝術(shù)品和陶藝?yán)L畫的作用以及對學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的重要影響。32.C【解析】題意：4月19日，武漢光谷實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校舉辦了陶藝展?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)開頭OnApril19th,apotteryexhibitionwasheldatWuhanOpticalExperimentalValleySchool.可知選C。33.D【解析】題意：根據(jù)這篇文章，學(xué)校鼓勵所有的學(xué)生畫陶器?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Studentsturnedthepotteryintodifferentworksofart.Theywereallencouragedtopaintpicturesonthe