2019屆江蘇專用高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)命題規(guī)律探究+題組分層精練專題十四詞義猜測講義

專題十四詞義猜測高考英語

(江蘇省專用)A組

自主命題·江蘇卷題組Passage1(2017江蘇,D)詞數(shù):690OldProblem,NewApproachesWhilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwillcontinueforsome

decadesafterCO2emissions(排放)peak.Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,we

wouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.HereIwillstresssomesmarterand

morecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Weare

thereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.

Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:“Thereisno‘one-size

fitsall’adaptation.”Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskor

cost.Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries.Floods五年高考havebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunity

whereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveas

floatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommuni-

catingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(連接)toreplacefloodedroadsandhigh-

ways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomake

floatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason.ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.Chewang

Norphellivesinamoun-

tainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers(冰川)theredueto

globalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarrive

intheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel'sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteof

wateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhere

itfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation(灌溉)wa-

ter.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3of

water.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,soNorphel'sicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warm-

ingwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.IncreasingEarth'sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseof

greenhouses(whichreflectlightbacktospace)haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactually

cooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouses

havedecreased.Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,

citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimate

changehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectiveness

willrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincluded

theprojectonitslistof“100ideastosavetheplanet”.Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.Afriendofmineownsanareaofland

inwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthe

pastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmany

countriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethings

differently.Thisiscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe'velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebutto

adapt,it'sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.

Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbon

pollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthatway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.1.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies

.A.adaptationisanever-changingprocessB.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtimeC.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationformsD.adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging2.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan'sproject?A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.B.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.D.Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.3.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?A.Storingiceforfutureuse. B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.C.Changingtheirrigationtime. D.Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.4.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.B.Theglobalwarmingtrendcannotbestopped.C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.5.Accordingtotheauthor,pollutingindustriesshould

.A.adapttocarbonpollution B.planthighlyprofitablecropsC.leavecarbonemissionalone D.fightagainstcarbonpollution6.What'stheauthor'spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?A.Settingupanewstandard. B.Reducingcarbonemission.C.Adaptingtoclimatechange. D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.答案[語篇解讀]本文為議論文,題材為環(huán)境問題類。話題為“老問題,新方法”——適應(yīng)我們所面

臨的嚴(yán)峻的氣候環(huán)境,而且要意識到環(huán)境的改變和適應(yīng)環(huán)境是一個過程。1.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段主題句Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstand

thatclimatechangeisaprocess.可知?dú)夂虻母淖兪且粋€不斷變化的過程。再結(jié)合后面幾段給出

的事例可知,適應(yīng)也是一個不斷變化的過程,由此可推斷出畫線部分意為adaptationisanever-

changingprocess,故答案為A項(xiàng)。2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawon-

lydisaster.及后面的描述可知他的非營利組織在充分利用糟糕的環(huán)境,故正確答案為C項(xiàng)。本題

干擾項(xiàng)為D項(xiàng),由第三段第五句Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivitytoreplacefloodedroads

andhighways.可知D項(xiàng)錯誤。3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第六句Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereit

froze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.可知A項(xiàng)正確。4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段首句InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthat

hasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.可推斷出答案為D。5.D觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe'velostthe

battletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it'sanonsensedesignedtomake

thecaseforbusinessasusual.可推知D項(xiàng)為正確答案。6.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelyto

adaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.可知最明智的適應(yīng)應(yīng)該是改變我們的能量

體系以減少碳排放污染,故B項(xiàng)正確。長難句原句:Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe'velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollu-

tionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it'sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.分析:本句為復(fù)合句。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作動詞argue的賓語;it's

anonsense...為主句,其中designed為過去分詞作后置定語修飾名詞nonsense。譯文:當(dāng)污染企業(yè)辯解說我們已經(jīng)在控制碳污染的戰(zhàn)斗中失敗并且別無選擇只好適應(yīng)它時(shí),這是

慣用的為了商業(yè)利益而設(shè)計(jì)好的胡說八道的伎倆。重點(diǎn)詞匯adaptationn.適應(yīng)adaptto適應(yīng)fundamentaladj.基本的,根本的Passage2(2014江蘇,B)詞數(shù):399Howeverwealthywemaybe,wecanneverfindenoughhoursinthedaytodoeverythingwewant.

Economicsdealswiththisproblemthroughtheconceptofopportunitycost,whichsimplyrefersto

whethersomeone'stimeormoneycouldbebetterspentonsomethingelse.Everyhourofourtimehasavalue.Foreveryhourweworkatonejobwecouldquiteeasilybedoing

another,orbesleepingorwatchingafilm.Eachoftheseoptionshasadifferentopportunitycost—

namely,what

they

cost

us

in

missed

opportunities.Sayyouintendtowatchafootballmatchbuttheticketsareexpensiveanditwilltakeyouacouple

ofhourstogettoandfromthestadium.Why

not,youmightreason,watchthegamefromhomeand

usetheleftovermoneyandtimetohavedinnerwithfriends?This—thealternativeuseofyourcash

andtime—istheopportunitycost.Foreconomists,everydecisionismadebyknowledgeofwhatonemustforgo—intermsofmoney

andenjoyment—inordertotakeitup.Byknowingpreciselywhatyouarereceivingandwhatyou

aremissingouton,yououghttobeabletomakebetter-informed,morereasonabledecisions.Consider

thatmostfamouseconomicruleofall:there'snosuchthingasafreelunch.Evenifsomeoneofferstotakeyououttolunchforfree,thetimeyouwillspendintherestaurantstillcostsyousomethingin

termsofforgoneopportunities.Somepeoplefindtheideaofopportunitycostextremelydiscouraging:imaginespendingyourentire

lifecalculatingwhetheryourtimewouldbebetterspentelsewheredoingsomethingmoreprofitable

orenjoyable.Yet,inasenseit'shumannaturetodopreciselythat—weassesstheadvantagesand

disadvantagesofdecisionsallthetime.Inthebusinessworld,apopularphraseis“valueformoney.”Peoplewanttheircashtogoasfaras

possible.However,anotherisfastobtaininganadvantage:“valuefortime.”Thebiggestrestriction

onourresourcesisthenumberofhourswecandevotetosomething,sowelooktomaximizethere-

turnwegetonourinvestmentoftime.Byreadingthispassageyouaregivingoverabitofyourtime

whichcouldbespentdoingotheractivities,suchassleepingandeating.In

return,however,thispas-

sagewillhelpyoutothinklikeaneconomist,closelyconsideringtheopportunitycostofeachofyour

decisions.1.Accordingtothepassage,theconceptof“opportunitycost”isappliedto

.A.makingmoremoneyB.takingmoreopportunitiesC.reducingmissedopportunitiesD.weighingthechoiceofopportunities2.The“l(fā)eftover...time”inParagraph3probablyreferstothetime

.A.sparedforwatchingthematchathomeB.takentohavedinnerwithfriendsC.spentonthewaytoandfromthematchD.savedfromnotgoingtowatchthematch3.Whatareforgoneopportunities?A.Opportunitiesyouforgetindecision-making.B.Opportunitiesyougiveupforbetterones.C.Opportunitiesyoumissaccidentally.D.Opportunitiesyoumakeupfor.答案[語篇解讀]本文屬于說明文,題材為技巧指導(dǎo)。文章主要介紹了如何更好地支配自己的時(shí)間

和金錢,以及如何在作決定時(shí)考慮花費(fèi)的機(jī)會成本。1.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句This—thealternativeuseofyourcashandtime—is

theopportunitycost.可知,opportunitycost的意思就是對你金錢和時(shí)間的其他用法。由此可推斷

opportunitycost和“對機(jī)會選擇的權(quán)衡”有關(guān)。故選D項(xiàng)。2.C詞義猜測題。上文提到你打算去體育場觀看一場足球比賽,但門票太昂貴,而且從家到體

育場的往返時(shí)間要花費(fèi)幾個小時(shí)。然后提到“為什么不在家里看比賽,而把剩余的金錢和時(shí)間

用來和朋友共進(jìn)晚餐呢?”由此可推斷“l(fā)eftover...time”指的就是從家到體育場的往返時(shí)間。

故選C項(xiàng)。3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句...thetimeyouwillspendintherestaurantstillcostsyou

somethingintermsofforgoneopportunities.可知,即使有人帶你出去享用免費(fèi)的午餐,而從forgone

opportunities的角度來看你卻要付出花費(fèi)時(shí)間的代價(jià)。再結(jié)合第二句Byknowingpreciselywhat

youarereceivingandwhatyouaremissingouton,yououghttobeabletomakebetter-informed,

morereasonabledecisions.可知,通過準(zhǔn)確了解你會得到什么和你會錯失什么獲利的機(jī)會,你應(yīng)該能夠作出更明智的選擇。由此可推斷forgoneopportunities指的就是那些為了獲得更好的機(jī)會

而放棄的機(jī)會。故選B項(xiàng)。高級語塊

1.missouton錯過失去……的好機(jī)會2.intermsof就……而言,在……方面3.inasense從某種意義上說長難句

Thebiggestrestrictiononourresourcesisthenumberofhourswecandevotetosome-

thing,sowelooktomaximizethereturnwegetonourinvestmentoftime.我們資源上最大的限制

是我們可以投入在某事上的時(shí)間,因此我們期盼我們能從時(shí)間投資上得到最大的回報(bào)。整個句子是so連接的并列句。前一分句中wecandevotetosomething為定語從句,修飾hours。后

一分句中wegetonourinvestmentoftime也是定語從句,修飾thereturn。B組

統(tǒng)一命題、省(區(qū)、市)卷題組Passage1(2017課標(biāo)全國Ⅲ,C)詞數(shù):291Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.Fourteen

wolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopu-

lationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalU-

nitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshad

practicallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.Theywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsof

Canada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—major

foodsources(來源)forthewolf—grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation

(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalso

grewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydrove

awaythepark'sbeavers.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstone

Park.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.

FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,the

debatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyote

populationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolf

projecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvesto

otherpartsofthecountryaswell.1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?A.Tested.

B.Separated.

C.Forcedout.

D.Trackeddown.3.Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?A.Damagetolocalecology.B.Adeclineinthepark'sincome.C.Preservationofvegetation.D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful.

B.Positive.C.Disapproving.

D.Uncaring.答案[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是,經(jīng)過多年的激烈爭論之后,灰狼又回到了黃石

國家公園。1.D主旨大意題。文章第一段第一句為文章的主題句,文章圍繞其展開,講述的就是黃石國家

公園再次引入灰狼這件事,故答案選D。2.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一句和第二句可知,答案選C?；依窃?jīng)在黃石地區(qū)隨處可

見,可后來由于人類的發(fā)展,該種群被漸漸驅(qū)離這里。3.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可以推斷灰狼的消失對生態(tài)造成了破壞。4.B推理判斷題。由文章最后一段最后一句話中的avaluableexperiment可知,作者覺得這個項(xiàng)

目很有價(jià)值,說明作者的態(tài)度是積極的。重點(diǎn)詞匯

consumev.消耗;吃opposev.反對reintroducev.重新引入Passage2(2017課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ,D)詞數(shù):311Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸餾器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswhere

theliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,

it'sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,

sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area

5'×5'sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjusta

drinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedon

yourbelt.Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeet

deep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher'sproductivity.Placeyour

cupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthe

cupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweighting

thesheet'scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圓錐體)with45-degree-

angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinch-esabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸發(fā))and

collectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.

Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon'thaveto

breakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sdelicate.

B.It'sexpensive.C.It'scomplex.

D.It'sportable.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube.

B.Thestill. C.Thehole.

D.Thecup.3.Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize. B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet'scenterdown. D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.4.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom

.A.theplastictube

B.outsidetheholeC.theopenair

D.beneaththesheet答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文,題材為科普實(shí)驗(yàn)類。文章具體描述了利用自制太陽能蒸餾器獲取

飲用水的方法。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句,尤其是尾句Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittle

packandfastenedonyourbelt.可知該裝置是可折疊的、便攜的(portable),故答案為D項(xiàng)。2.B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知,畫線短語指代的是該段首句中的aworkingstill,故

答案為B項(xiàng)。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二、三段可知四個選項(xiàng)正確的順序是A→B→D→C,故答案為C項(xiàng)。4.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段前兩句可知該裝置是利用蒸發(fā)到塑料薄片上的水分凝聚成水滴,

最后滴落到杯子中,故答案為D項(xiàng)。長難句

原句:Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestoftheline

runsup—andout—thesideofthehole.分析:本句為復(fù)合句。主句laythetubeinplace為祈使句;sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,從句是

and連接的并列句。inplace在恰當(dāng)?shù)牡胤?alltheway自始至終。譯文:接著把管子放在恰當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延

伸到所挖坑的外部。重點(diǎn)詞匯substituten.代用品componentn.零件,構(gòu)成要素;成分productivityn.生產(chǎn)力;生產(chǎn)

效率securev.把……弄牢falloffinto落入,注入Passage3(2017課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ,B)詞數(shù):289IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButch

Cassidy

and

the

Sun-

dance

Kid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm—itwant-

edsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon'tknowhowmanypeoplewould

havedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandThe

Stingfouryearslaterhad

itsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheater

andliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技藝)andfocusedondiggingintothecharacterswewere

goingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,

aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealso

atthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou'refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback

—hewithhisNewman'sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,

andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn'tseeeachotherallthatreg-

ularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He'dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthe

dealwas,andwedidn'ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn'tneedalotofwords.1.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?A.PaulNewmanwantedit.B.Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent.C.Hewasn'tfamousenough.D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.2.WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?A.Theywereofthesameage.B.Theyworkedinthesametheater.C.Theywerebothgoodactors.D.Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A.Theirbelief.

B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess.

D.Theirsupportforeachother.4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhisloveoffilms.B.Torememberafriend.C.Tointroduceanewmovie.D.Tosharehisactingexperience.答案[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。在電影界初出茅廬的作者得到了著名演員保羅·紐曼的支持,

從而獲得了一個重要的演出機(jī)會。他們建立了深厚的友誼,這份友誼一直持續(xù)到保羅·紐曼去世。1.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul”可知,這家電

影公司不想把這個角色給作者,是因?yàn)樗麄兿氚呀巧o像保羅這樣出名的人,作者還不夠出名,

所以答案為C項(xiàng)。2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Bothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalof

Americanactors”可知,保羅和作者之所以有著長久的友誼,是因?yàn)樗麄儍蓚€人有著相似的品質(zhì),

所以答案為D項(xiàng)。3.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本段第一句話“Wesharedthebeliefthatif...”可知,盡管他們不經(jīng)常

見面,但是正是那種信念讓他們聚在了一起。由此推斷出畫線單詞指的是他們的共同的信念,所

以答案為A項(xiàng)。4.B

推理判斷題。文章開頭作者介紹了自己與著名演員保羅·紐曼相識的情景,后面描述了兩

人的交往和深厚的友誼。最后一段指出兩人的最后一面是在醫(yī)院。由此推斷出作者寫這篇文章就是為了紀(jì)念自己的一位朋友。所以答案為B項(xiàng)。長難句

原句:Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou'refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomething

back...分析:本句為復(fù)合句。句子的主干為Wesharedthebelief。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,說明belief的內(nèi)

容。譯文:我們有著相同的信念,那就是如果你足夠幸運(yùn)而成功了的話,你應(yīng)該對這個世界有所回報(bào)

……重點(diǎn)詞匯experiencen.經(jīng)歷berespectfulof尊重humorousadj.幽默的aggressiveadj.有

進(jìn)取心的Passage4(2017天津,C)詞數(shù):330Thismonth,Germany'stransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesfor

autonomousvehicles(自主駕駛車輛).Theywoulddefinethedriver'sroleinsuchcarsandgovern

howsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“death

valley”ofautonomousvehicles:the

greyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.Dobrindtwantsthreethings:thatacaralwayschoosesproperty(財(cái)產(chǎn))damageoverpersonalinjury;

thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisor

herhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail,say—thecar'smakerisresponsibleifthereisa

crash.“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,”says

Dobrindt.Itwillput

fullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersand

lawyers.“Theliability(法律責(zé)任)issueisthebiggestoneofthemall,”saysNatashaMeratatthe

UniversityofLeeds,UK.AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducedearlierthisyear,insiststhata

human“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.“Whenyousay

‘driverlesscars’,peopleexpectdriverlesscars,”Merat

says.“Youknow—nodriver.”Becauseoftheconfusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyauto-

matedwithouthumanoperation.Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown,saysRyan

CaloatStanfordUniversity,California.ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore,wheregovern-

ment-provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched.ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeover

driverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere,”says

Calo.1.Whatdoesthephrase“death

valley”inParagraph2referto?A.Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B.Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C.Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D.Asituationwheredrivers'roleisnotclear.2.TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimsto

.A.stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrulesB.helppromotefullyautomaticdrivingC.protectdriversofallagesandracesD.preventseriouspropertydamage3.Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars?A.Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies.B.Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers.C.Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents.D.Itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility.4.Driverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuturein

.A.Singapore

B.theUK

C.theUS

D.Germany5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Autonomous

Driving:WhoseLiability?B.FullyAutomaticCars:ANewBreakthroughC.Autonomous

Vehicles:DriverRemoved!D.Driverless

Cars:RootofRoadAccidents答案[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文,題材為社科類。本文介紹了德國交通部部長AlexanderDo-

brindt提出的一系列有關(guān)自主駕駛車輛的法規(guī)。1.D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第二段的內(nèi)容可知,“Theywoulddefinethedriver's

role”的目的是處理“deathvalley”,故可推知“deathvalley”是一種司機(jī)的角色不明確的狀

況,故選D。2.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知,由Dobrindt提出的這項(xiàng)建議旨在幫助促進(jìn)全自動駕駛。故

選B。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段中的“Youknow—nodriver.”和第八段中的“untilvehicles

canbefullyautomatedwithouthumanoperation”可知,消費(fèi)者擔(dān)心的是人的責(zé)任問題,故選D。4.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS”可知選C。5.A主旨大意題。本文主要探討無人駕駛技術(shù)在推廣過程中遇到的困難,即難以界定法律責(zé)

任的主體,故選A。長難句原句:Theywoulddefinethedriver'sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperform

incrasheswherelivesmightbelost.分析:本句為復(fù)合句,本句中howsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost為賓語從句;

賓語從句中包含了一個定語從句wherelivesmightbelost修飾crashes。譯文:它們將界定在這樣的汽車中司機(jī)的角色,并規(guī)定這樣的汽車在可能危及生命的事故中如何

表現(xiàn)。重點(diǎn)詞匯proposev.建議governv.規(guī)定distinguishv.區(qū)別;辨認(rèn)出consumern.消費(fèi)者in-

surance

n.保險(xiǎn);保險(xiǎn)業(yè)confusionn.混亂;困惑詞匯積累autonomousadj.自主的assumptionn.設(shè)想;假定launchv.發(fā)起Passage5(2016四川,B)詞數(shù):242Ifyoucouldhaveonesuperpower,whatwoulditbe?Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds,seethroughwalls,orhavesuperhuman

strengthmaysoundsilly,butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprove

theworld.Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess:thepowertomakeadifferenceinthe

livesofothers.We'renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusye-

noughdoinghomework,playingsports,makingfriends,seekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothink

thatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomething

muchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror,ifyou

can,contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudo,don'tbeabystander.Getinvolved.You

mayhavetheo