2023屆四川省廣安市高三上學(xué)期第一次診斷性考試英語試題（解析版）

廣安市高2020級第一次診斷性考試英語該試卷由四部分組成。第一、二部分和第三部分的第一節(jié)為選擇題。第三部分的第二節(jié)和第四部分為非選擇題。滿分150分,考試用時120分鐘。注意事項:1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時,先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthemandoing?A.Checkingin.B.Buyingasuitcase.C.Takingataxi.2.Howwillthemanpay?A.Bycash.B.Bycheck.C.Bycreditcard.3.Whydoesthewomancalltheman?A.Toplaceanorder.B.Totellhernumber.C.Toinquire.4.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Changehisplan.B.Goshoppingwithher.C.HelpherwithChinese.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theseniors’happylife.B.Attitudestotheseniors.C.Differencesbetweenpeople.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.What’sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Husbandandwife.C.Brotherandsister.7.Whyistherewateronthefloor?A.Thereisaburstpipe.B.Itisraininghard.C.Thecupisbroken.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.WhatdoweknowaboutRob?A.HehasbeeninLondon.B.Heusedtowritesongs.C.HewillinterviewTina.9.WhatwillTinadonextweek?A.Prepareherschoolanniversary.B.AttendtheconcertwithTina.C.IntroduceRobtomusicians.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.WhyisTomworkinglate?A.Heexpectstoearnmore.B.Hehastofinishaproject.C.He’lltakealongvacation.11.HowdoesTomfindhisclient?A.Particular.B.Reasonable.C.Ambitious.12.Whenisthedeadlinesetbythetwosides?A.Tomorrow.B.NextWednesday.C.NextFriday.聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.WhichcityisMia’sbirthplace?A.Chicago.B.London.C.Cambridge.14.WhatdidMiadowhileinCambridge?A.Aclerk.B.Anurse.C.Ateacher.15.WhatdoesMiathinkofChicago?A.It’sascrowdedasLondon.B.It’squiteeasytolivehere.C.It’sunsafetoworkhere.16.What’sMia’sparents’attitudetomovingbacktoChicago?A.Disapproving.B.Unclear.C.Skeptical.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.WhichplacewilltheygotobeforevisitingTrafalgarSquare?A.TheNationalGallery.B.TheLondonEye.C.WestminsterAbbey.18.HowlongwilltheystayintheNationalGallery?A.Halfanhour.B.Onehour.C.Onehourandahalf.19.Wherearethelistenersnow?A.Onabus.B.Onabridge.C.Inaboat.20.WhenwilltheyfinishthebustourofLondon?A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。AWithgloballyfamousliteraryfestivals,specialtybookshopsandarichculturalwelltodrawfrom,Torontoisaliteraturelover’sdream.Herearetwofestivals.WhenWordontheStreetwasfirstheldinTorontoin1990,itwasdesignedtocelebrateCanada’srichliteraryculture.Nowit’sbecomethelargestfestivalinthecountrydevotedtobooksandmagazines.It’sfreeforattendees.Ofcourse,youhavetopayifyoubuybookshere.Then,thecontemporary-literature-focusedTorontoInternationalFestivalofAuthors(TIFA)willcomenextmonth-eachOctober.TIFAKidstakesplaceatthesametime,makingforaliteraryescapeforthewholefamily.Howaboutspecialtybookshops?FlyingBooksisabookstore,bookpublisherandwritingschoolfoundedbybookeditorMarthaSharpe.YoucanfindSharpe’sselectionoftitlesatTheGoodNeighborEspressoBarandtheGladstoneHouse.Extendyourliteratureexperiencefromhomewithitsvirtualclassesoncriticism,journalism,memoirandmore,taughtbyexperiencedCanadianauthors.BenMcNallyBooks(possiblythecity’smostbeautifulbookstore)isintheeastoftheFinancialDistrict,whoseownerisregularlyon-sitetoassistyouwithrecommendations.TypeBooksacrossfromgreenTrinityBellwoodsParkwhichistheperfectspottoreadunderthetreesisco-ownedbyaformerliteratureprofessorandbestforgeneralinterest.Westend’sMonkey’sPaw,whereyoucanfindrarebooks,anduniquefinds,specializesinsecondhandandancientbooks.QueenBooksinLeslievillehasanexcellentkids’sectionwhereyoucanbuythelatestchildren’sbooks.1.WhatdoweknowaboutWordontheStreet?A.Ithasgrowngradually. B.ItisheldeachOctober.C.Itchargesparticipants. D.ItisofTIFAorigin.2.WhatcanFlyingBookshelpyoudo?A.Becomeabookeditorfaster. B.Buildupapersonallibrary.C.Getthefreebooksfromauthors. D.Improveyourliteraryskillsonline.3.Whichbookstorewillyougotofindagoodplacetoreadafterbuyingbooks?A.QueenBooks. B.BenMcNallyBooks. C.TypeBooks. D.Monkey’sPaw.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了多倫多一些特色書店的情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“WhenWordontheStreetwasfirstheldinTorontoin1990,itwasdesignedtocelebrateCanada’srichliteraryculture.Nowit’sbecomethelargestfestivalinthecountrydevotedtobooksandmagazines.(1990年，WordonStreet首次在多倫多舉辦，旨在慶祝加拿大豐富的文學(xué)文化?，F(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)成為美國最大的書籍和雜志節(jié)日)”可知，WordontheStreet是逐漸增長的。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Extendyourliteratureexperiencefromhomewithitsvirtualclassesoncriticism,journalism,memoirandmore,taughtbyexperiencedCanadianauthors.(通過由經(jīng)驗豐富的加拿大作家教授的批評、新聞、回憶錄等虛擬課程，擴(kuò)展您在家中的文學(xué)體驗)”可知，F(xiàn)lyingBooks可以在線提高你的文學(xué)技能。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“TypeBooksacrossfromgreenTrinityBellwoodsParkwhichistheperfectspottoreadunderthetreesisco-ownedbyaformerliteratureprofessorandbestforgeneralinterest.(綠色的TrinityBellwoods公園對面的TypeBooks是在樹下閱讀的最佳地點，由一位前文學(xué)教授共同擁有，最適合大眾興趣)”可知，買完書你會去TypeBooks找個好地方看書。故選C。BOuarzazateisadeserttownatthefootoftheAtlasMountainsinMorocco,Africa,whichattractsHollywoodandEuropeanfilmmakersforitsvariedsceneryandpicture-perfectlocations.ItsKasbah,withitsredandbrownmudhousesandnarrowstreets,isoneoftheselocations.It’sbeenchosenbymanyUSandBritishmoviemakersasalocationforbig-budgetfilmssuchasGladiatorsandKingdomofHeaven.ThecinemahasbroughtalottoOuarzazate,whosepeoplemayworkastechnicians,soundengineersordecorators,buttheyaremainlygivenunimportantrolesasextras.Mbarka,herhusband,andtheirfivechildrenhaveallappearedinWesternfilmsasextras.MbarkahasbeeninsomanyHollywoodfilmsoverthepast20yearsthatshecannotremembermostofthem.Shedoesn’tevenknowthenameofthelastonesheappearedin.“Iwasinthefilmfor15days.Myson,Azzedine,knowsitsname,”saidMbarka.It’sunnecessarytorememberthat.Afterall,it’snotthatshelikestheindustry,butthatshemakesalivingfromit.KingdomofHeaven,a$180millionUSproduction,providedeightmonthsofworkfor2800Ouarzazatepeople.“Whenthecinemacomeshere,peoplearehappy,”saidAzzedinewhohasappearedinmoviessincehewasseven.Whenthere’snomovieintown,hismothersellssandwichesinthelocalmarket,buthedoesn’tseekanyotherjoborgotoschooltoimprovehisskills,notwantingtomissafilmopportunitythoughhe’snotwellpaid.Infact,inexperiencedMoroccanextrasgetaslittleas$15perday.Still,themoneyisn’tbadconsideringtheaveragesalaryinOuarzazateisabout$6aday.Thosewithexperienceearnmore;theygetabout$24perdayorasmuchas$60.InexperiencedEuropeanextras,ontheotherhand,getabout$40perday.ThishasledtocomplaintsofdiscriminationbysomeOuarzazatepeople.4.WhatcanbelearntaboutMbarka?A.Sheisaseniorextra. B.Shelovesmakingfilms.C.She’sleftshowbusiness. D.Shehasbeenforgetful.5.WhatdoesAzzedinedowhenthere’snomoviework?A.Helearnshardtobearealactor. B.Healwaysgoesouttowork.C.Hedeliberatelyremainsjobless. D.Hehelpshismotherinamarket.6.What’sOuarzazatepeople’sattitudetothearrivaloftheforeignfilmindustry?A.Tolerant. B.Favorable. C.Unwilling. D.Carefree.7Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Topromotetwobig-budgetfilms. B.Tointroducetheextras’situations.C.TorecommendanAfricanHollywood. D.Tocallforanendtopaydiscrimination.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Ouarzazate當(dāng)?shù)匾恍┡R時演員的情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Mbarka,herhusband,andtheirfivechildrenhaveallappearedinWesternfilmsasextras.(Mbarka和她的丈夫以及他們的五個孩子都曾在西方電影中擔(dān)任臨時演員)”可知，Mbarka是臨時演員。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Whenthere’snomovieintown,hismothersellssandwichesinthelocalmarket,buthedoesn’tseekanyotherjoborgotoschooltoimprovehisskills,notwantingtomissafilmopportunitythoughhe’snotwellpaid.(當(dāng)鎮(zhèn)上沒有電影的時候，他的母親就在當(dāng)?shù)厥袌鲑u三明治，但他不去找其他工作，也不去學(xué)校提高自己的技能，不想錯過一個電影機(jī)會，盡管他的收入不高)”可知，沒有電影的時候Azzedine故意保持失業(yè)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thosewithexperienceearnmore;theygetabout$24perdayorasmuchas$60.InexperiencedEuropeanextras,ontheotherhand,getabout$40perday.ThishasledtocomplaintsofdiscriminationbysomeOuarzazatepeople.(有經(jīng)驗的人掙得更多；他們每天的收入約為24美元，最高可達(dá)60美元。另一方面，沒有經(jīng)驗的歐洲臨時演員每天只能拿到40美元左右。這導(dǎo)致一些瓦爾扎扎人投訴歧視)”可推知，Ouarzazate人對外國電影產(chǎn)業(yè)的到來持支持態(tài)度。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThecinemahasbroughtalottoOuarzazate,whosepeoplemayworkastechnicians,soundengineersordecorators,buttheyaremainlygivenunimportantrolesasextras.(電影給瓦爾扎扎特帶來了很多東西，那里的人可能是技術(shù)人員、音響工程師或裝飾師，但他們主要被賦予不重要的角色，比如臨時演員)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了Ouarzazate當(dāng)?shù)匾恍┡R時演員的情況?？赏浦?，作者寫這篇文章的目的是介紹群眾演員的情況。故選B。CBusstopsacrosstheUnitedKingdom(UK)andEuropearegettinglivingroofs.Theyarecalledbeebusstops.Beesandotherpollinators(傳粉者)likebutterflieshelpgrowplants,suchasflowers,trees,andcrops.Whentheseinsectsvisitflowers,theycollectpollen—ayellowpowderinthecenterofmostflowers.Withoutbeesorotherinsectsbringingpollenfromoneflowertoanother,manyplantscouldn’tproduceseedsorgrowfruitsorvegetables.Butashumanshavetakenovermoreandmorelandforcities,roads,andfarms,morenaturalareashavedisappeared.TheWildlifeTrusts,agroupwhichworkstoprotectwildlifeintheUK,saysthatinsectnumberstherehavedroppedby50%since1970.Thenbeebusstopsareborn.TheadvertisingcompanyClearChannelisworkingwiththeWildlifeTrustsandcitygovernmentstosetupbeebusstopsincitiesacrosstheUK.Theyarelikeordinarybusshelters,butsmallgardenshavebeenaddedtotheroofs.Thegardensarefilledwithflowersandplantschosentoattractbeesandbutterflies.Eventhoughthegardensaresmall,togethertheyadduptoamuch1largerarea.Becausethesoilfortherooftopgardenisheavy,especiallywhenitrains,thebussheltersneedtobesturdy.Therooftopgardensneedtobecleanedabouttwiceayear.Butotherthanthat,notmuchisneededtokeepthegardensgoing.Thissummerwasalittledifferent,becauseoftheextremeheat.ClearChannelthatalreadyhassimilarbeebusstopprogramsinseveralcountriesinEuropeisworkingwithlocalgovernmentstobuildatleast1,000beebusstopsintheUK.Researchshowsthatthesebusstops,alongwithmanyotherstepstakentosupportpollinators,arehelping.Afterdecadesofdroppingnumbers,beepopulationsinEuropehavebecomemorestableoverthelastfewyears.8.Whatisparagraph2mainlyaboutconcerningpollinators?A.Theirwaysoflife.B.Theirimportance.C.Theirdailybehavior.D.Theirlivingenvironment.9.Whatarebeebusstopsintendedfor?A.Beautifyingthecrowdedcities.B.Offeringinsectsislandsofnature.C.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.D.Drawingattentiontoclimatechange.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sturdy”inparagraph4mean?A.Strong.B.Large.C.Clean.D.Attractive.11.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebeebusstopprogram?A.Costly.B.Controversial.C.Demanding.D.Successful.【答案】8.B9.B10.A11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了英國和歐洲的蜜蜂巴士站?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Beesandotherpollinators(傳粉者)likebutterflieshelpgrowplants,suchasflowers,trees,andcrops.Whentheseinsectsvisitflowers,theycollectpollen—ayellowpowderinthecenterofmostflowers.Withoutbeesorotherinsectsbringingpollenfromoneflowertoanother,manyplantscouldn’tproduceseedsorgrowfruitsorvegetables.(蜜蜂和蝴蝶等傳粉者幫助植物生長，如花卉、樹木和農(nóng)作物。當(dāng)這些昆蟲拜訪花朵時，它們會在大多數(shù)花朵的中心收集花粉——一種黃色粉末。如果沒有蜜蜂或其他昆蟲將花粉從一朵花帶到另一朵花，許多植物就無法產(chǎn)生種子或種植水果或蔬菜)”可知，第二段主要介紹了傳粉者的重要性。故選B。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theyarelikeordinarybusshelters,butsmallgardenshavebeenaddedtotheroofs.Thegardensarefilledwithflowersandplantschosentoattractbeesandbutterflies.(它們就像普通的公共汽車候車亭，但屋頂上增加了小花園?；▓@里種滿了用來吸引蜜蜂和蝴蝶的花草)”可推知，蜜蜂巴士站的目的是為蜜蜂和蝴蝶提供自然區(qū)域。故選B?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四自然段“Becausethesoilfortherooftopgardenisheavy,especiallywhenitrains(因為屋頂花園的土壤很重，尤其是下雨時)”可知，候車亭需要很堅固結(jié)實才能經(jīng)受雨水。由此推知，劃線詞sturdy與strong(堅固的)意思接近。故選A?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Researchshowsthatthesebusstops,alongwithmanyotherstepstakentosupportpollinators,arehelping.Afterdecadesofdroppingnumbers,beepopulationsinEuropehavebecomemorestableoverthelastfewyears.(研究表明，這些巴士站以及為支持傳粉者而采取的許多其他措施都有幫助。經(jīng)過幾十年的數(shù)量下降，歐洲的蜜蜂種群在過去幾年中變得更加穩(wěn)定)”可知，蜜蜂巴士站取得了成效。故選D。DForyears,doctorshavegivenbloodtopatientswhoneedittosurvive.Thesetransfusionsusuallyincludegivingredbloodcellstopatients.Bloodtransfusionsaren’tassimpleastakingbloodfromonepersonandgivingittosomeoneelse.There’reseveraldifferentbloodtypesthatdon’tallmixwell.Ifsomeonegetsatransfusionofthewrongkindofblood,theirbodywillrejectthebloodcells,causingproblems.Forthefirsttimeever,scientistsfromtheUniversityofBristol,Britain,arecarryingoutanewtrail:testingredbloodcellsgrowninalaboratoryonhumanvolunteers.Thescientistshaveusedstemcells(干細(xì)胞)fromabloodsampletogrowbillionsofbrandnewredbloodcells.Thiscouldbeevenbetterthanaregularbloodtransfusion.Foronething,theycanbeadjustedforpeoplewithdifferentbloodtypes.That’llbeextremelyhelpfulforpeoplewithrarebloodtypes.Also,anormaltransfusionhasredbloodcellsofalldifferentages,whichmeansonlyasmallpartofthemarebrandnew.Theredbloodcellsgrowninthelabarebrandnew,andthismeanstheylastlongerandthatpatientswillneedfewertransfusions.Totestitssafety,researchershavegivenacoupleofteaspoonsofthebloodtotwohealthypeople,bothofwhomseemtobedoingjustfineafterthetransfusions.Inall,they’llbetestedon10people,andcomparedtonormaltransfusions.Thenewprocessdoesn’tindicatethatnormalbloodtransfusionswilldisappear.Meanwhile,growingredbloodcellsinalabisextremelyexpensive.Andalotofworkandtestingstillneedtobedone.Butifit’ssuccessful,theprocesscouldmakelifemucheasierforpatientswhooftenneedtransfusions-eventhosewithrarebloodtypes.12.Whatisspecialabouttheredbloodcellsin1theexperiment?A.They’regivenbythosewithrarebloodtypes.B.They’recollectedfromseriouslyillpatients.C.They’respecificallyforasinglebloodtype.D.They’veneverexistedinanyhumanbodies.13.Whatisthedisadvantageofnormalbloodtransfusion?ABloodreservesareofteninadequate.B.Itoftentakesthepatientalotoftime.C.Mostnormalbloodcellsdon’tlivelong.D.It’sunfitforthosewithrarebloodtypes.14.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthenewprocessofredbloodcells?A.Itwillhavealongwaytogo.BIt’llreplacenormaltransfusions.C.Itwillseparaterarebloodtypes.D.It’llreducebloodresearchcosts.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BloodTransfusionsGetEasierB.RareBloodTypesAreNotRareC.RareBloodCellsNeedDonatingD.ScientistsTestLab-createdBlood【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹的是一種新的給患者輸血的方式，即給患者提供紅細(xì)胞，這種輸血方式一旦成功，將會使得經(jīng)常輸血的患者，即使是那些具有稀有血型的患者的生活變的輕松。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Forthefirsttimeever,scientistsfromtheUniversityofBristol,Britain,arecarryingoutanewtrail:testingredbloodcellsgrowninalaboratoryonhumanvolunteers.Thescientistshaveusedstemcells(干細(xì)胞)fromabloodsampletogrowbillionsofbrandnewredbloodcells.(英國布里斯托大學(xué)的科學(xué)家有史以來第一次在人類志愿者身上測試實驗室中生長的紅細(xì)胞?？茖W(xué)家們使用來自血液樣本的干細(xì)胞來培養(yǎng)數(shù)十億個全新的紅細(xì)胞)”可知，這些紅細(xì)胞是在實驗室中培養(yǎng)生長的，而不是在人體內(nèi)。故選D項【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theredbloodcellsgrowninthelabarebrandnew,andthismeanstheylastlongerandthatpatientswillneedfewertransfusions.(在實驗室中生長的紅細(xì)胞是全新的，這意味著它們的持續(xù)時間更長，患者需要的輸血更少)”可知，常規(guī)的血細(xì)胞壽命不長。故選C項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Meanwhile,growingredbloodcellsinalabisextremelyexpensive.Andalotofworkandtestingstillneedtobedone.(同時，在實驗室中培養(yǎng)紅細(xì)胞非常昂貴。還有很多工作和測試需要做)”可推知，紅細(xì)胞的處理過程還有很遠(yuǎn)的路要走。故選A項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段中的“Foryears,doctorshavegivenbloodtopatientswhoneedittosurvive.Thesetransfusionsusuallyincludegivingredbloodcellstopatients.(多年來，醫(yī)生一直為需要血液生存的患者提供血液。這些輸血通常包括給患者提供紅細(xì)胞)”以及第二段中的“Forthefirsttimeever,scientistsfromtheUniversityofBristol,Britain,arecarryingoutanewtrail:testingredbloodcellsgrowninalaboratoryonhumanvolunteers.Thescientistshaveusedstemcells(干細(xì)胞)fromabloodsampletogrowbillionsofbrandnewredbloodcells.(英國布里斯托大學(xué)的科學(xué)家有史以來第一次在人類志愿者身上測試實驗室中生長的紅細(xì)胞?？茖W(xué)家們使用來自血液樣本的干細(xì)胞來培養(yǎng)數(shù)十億個全新的紅細(xì)胞)”可知，本文主要講述的是科學(xué)家在實驗室研發(fā)的一種紅細(xì)胞輸血方式。由此可知，ScientistsTestLab-createdBlood(科學(xué)家測試實驗室創(chuàng)造的血液)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Amicroscopeisascientificinstrumentthatrevealsobjectswhicharenormallytoosmallforthehumaneyestosee.Microscopesuseseverallenses(鏡片)toprovidealargeimageofatinyobjectandtheyhavebeenimportantinthestudyofbiology.___16___.Peoplenoticedthatsinglelensescouldmakeobjectslargerandalsothattheycouldfocusthesun’sraystostartafire.Theseearlylenseswerecalledburningglasses.Thisledtothedevelopmentofeye-glassesorspectaclesintheearly1300s.Inthelate1500s,twoDutchspectaclemakers,HansandZacchariasJanssen,inventedthefirsttruemicroscope.___17___,andtheyweresurprisedtodiscoverthattheycouldmakeobjectslookmanytimesbigger.Galileo,anItalianscientist,improvedthequalityofthelensestoproducebetterqualitymicroscopesandtelescopes.AnthonyLeeuwenhoek(1632-1723)andRobertHooke(1635-1703)weretwoearlyusersofthemicroscope.___18___.Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredbacteriaandshowedhowadropofwaterisfulloflivingcreatures.RobertHookewroteabookMicrographiawhichdescribedthisnewworldofmicro-organismswithdrawingsthatamazedtheworld.Fortwohundredyears,therewaslittledevelopmentofthemicroscopeuntilnewindustrialtechniquesproducedaccurateandpowerfullenses.___19___,sotheywereofteninaccurate.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,theUSAandGermanyproducedpowerfulmicroscopesinlargenumbersforexportaroundtheworld.Nowadays,scientistsstillusemicroscopesthatuselighttoseesmallobjectssuchascellsandmicro-organisms.___20___.Theseelectronmicroscopeshaveamagnification(放大)ofamilliontimesandnowwecanseemolecules(分子)andatoms.A.TheyusedseverallensestogetherinatubeB.MicroscopeswereexpensiveintheirearlydaysC.Beforethistime,peoplemadethelensesbyhandD.TheymademanyimportantdiscoveriesformankindbyusingitE.ThewordmicroscopecomesfromtheNewLatinwordmicroscopiumF.ButtheyalsohavesopowerfulmicroscopesthatuseadifferenttechnologyG.Thediscoveryofglassover2000yearsagoledtoearlyexperimentswithlenses【答案】16.G17.A18.D19.C20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了顯微鏡是一種科學(xué)儀器，同時介紹了顯微鏡鏡片的發(fā)展史，其在生物學(xué)研究中一直很重要?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)后文的“Peoplenoticedthatsinglelensescouldmakeobjectslargerandalsothattheycouldfocusthesun’sraystostartafire.Theseearlylenseswerecalledburningglasses.(人們注意到單透鏡可以使物體變大，還可以集中太陽光來生火。這些早期的鏡片被稱為燃燒鏡。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是早期的顯微鏡鏡片的作用，故空前應(yīng)該提到“早期的顯微鏡鏡片”。G選項“Thediscoveryofglassover2000yearsagoledtoearlyexperimentswithlenses(2000多年前玻璃的發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致了早期的透鏡實驗。)”引起下文，符合語境，強(qiáng)調(diào)了2000多年前的顯微鏡鏡片是由玻璃制作而成。故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文的“Inthelate1500s,twoDutchspectaclemakers,HansandZacchariasJanssen,inventedthefirsttruemicroscope.(16世紀(jì)晚期，兩位荷蘭眼鏡制造商漢斯和扎克尼亞斯·楊森發(fā)明了第一臺真正的顯微鏡。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)16世紀(jì)晚期，兩位荷蘭眼鏡制造商漢斯和扎克尼亞斯·楊森發(fā)明的第一臺真正的顯微鏡，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該介紹該顯微鏡的使用原理。A選項“Theyusedseverallensestogetherinatube.(他們把幾個透鏡放在一個管子里。)”中的they指代前文的漢斯和扎克尼亞斯·楊森，同時也交代了該顯微鏡的工作原理。故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文的“Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredbacteriaandshowedhowadropofwaterisfulloflivingcreatures.(列文虎克發(fā)現(xiàn)了細(xì)菌，并展示了一滴水是如何充滿生物的。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)列文虎克使用顯微鏡做出了怎樣的發(fā)現(xiàn)。D選項“Theymademanyimportantdiscoveriesformankindbyusingit.(他們利用它為人類做出了許多重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。)”中的“許多重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)”即為下文的“一滴水是如何充滿生物的”。故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文的“sotheywereofteninaccurate.(所以它們經(jīng)常是不準(zhǔn)確的。)”可知，前文應(yīng)該交代顯微鏡不準(zhǔn)確的原因。C選項“Beforethistime,peoplemadethelensesbyhand.(在此之前，人們手工制作鏡片。)”指出了由于人們是手工制作鏡片，所以顯微鏡總是不準(zhǔn)確的。故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文的“Theseelectronmicroscopeshaveamagnification(放大)ofamilliontimesandnowwecanseemolecules(分子)andatoms.(這些電子顯微鏡可以放大一百萬倍，現(xiàn)在我們可以看到分子和原子。)”可知空前應(yīng)該電子顯微鏡強(qiáng)大功效，即指出除了常規(guī)顯微鏡，當(dāng)前應(yīng)用的可以放大一百萬倍的應(yīng)用于不同技術(shù)的強(qiáng)大顯微鏡。F選項“Buttheyalsohavesopowerfulmicroscopesthatuseadifferenttechnology.(但他們也有使用不同技術(shù)的強(qiáng)大顯微鏡.)”中的“強(qiáng)大顯微鏡”即指后文中的電子顯微鏡，與下文呼應(yīng)，符合語境。故選F。第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。FritzSamwasdrivinghisUbercarwhenhepickedupJemimahWei,whowasonherwaytoLaGuardiaAirport.___21___Brooklyn’sBed-Stuyneighborhood,Fritzsawabuildingonfire.HeaskedJemimahifshe’dmindhimpullingovertocheckitout.WithJemimah’s___22___,hewentouttohelp.Outsideofthebuildingacrowdhad___23___,andFritzjoinedthemincallingforthepeopleinsidetocomeout.Andwhensomeonesaidtwopeoplewere___24___inside,hewasfacedwiththe___25___ofstayingsafeoutonthesidewalkorrunningintothe___26___buildingtohelpthosethatremained.Fritzchosethelatter.He___27___enteredthesmoke-filledbuildingandwentupthestairs.Then,hemetonemanwhosaidhewould___28___theinstanthepickedupsomething___29___.SoFritzmadeamentalnotethathe’d___30___themanbeforeheadingoutofthebuilding.Goingupanothersetofstairs,he___31___awomanwhowastoo___32___tomove.Hehurriedforwardto___33___herandheadeddownstairs.Beforeheadingouthimself,Fritzlistenedforthemanhe’d___34___seen.Whenheheardmovementdownthestairs,heranbackandrushedthemantothe___35___Backinsidethecar,FritzgotJemimahtothe___36___,andallintimetocatchherflight.Whenlanding,she___37___photosoftheburningbuildingonasocialnetworkingwebsiteto___38___herUberhero.Jemimah’sthreadcaughtthe___39___ofmillions,makinghimsopopular.Becauseofhis___40___Uberhasdecidedtocoverhisvehiclerentalfeesforayear.21.A.Drivingthrough B.Lookingfor C.Talkingabout D.Movingaround22.A.payment B.direction C.permission D.urgency23.A.hesitated B.gathered C.passed D.moved24.A.still B.already C.even D.once25.A.comparison B.comment C.sacrifice D.decision26.A.strange B.crowded C.dangerous D.quiet27.A.randomly B.quickly C.finally D.patiently28.A.leave B.shout C.return D.relax29.A.extra B.valuable C.safe D.large30.A.communicatewith B.dependon C.agreewith D.checkon31.A.remembered B.stopped C.saw D.chose32.A.angry B.embarrassed C.regretful D.frightened33.A.impress B.support C.convince D.control34.A.previously B.frequently C.eventually D.secretly35.A.center B.space C.front D.entrance36.A.border B.harbor C.airport D.station37.A.developed B.posted C.found D.selected38.A.confirm B.surprise C.comfort D.praise39.A.attention B.attraction C.adaptation D.explanation40.A.desire B.talent C.bravery D.responsibility【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.A25.D26.C27.B28.A29.B30.D31.C32.D33.B34.A35.D36.C37.B38.D39.A40.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了優(yōu)步司機(jī)FritzSam在送人到機(jī)場的途中，沖進(jìn)著火的建筑物救人的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：弗里茨開車經(jīng)過布魯克林的Bed-Stuy社區(qū)時，看到一棟建筑著火了。A.Drivingthrough開車經(jīng)過；B.Lookingfor尋找；C.Talkingabout談?wù)摚籇.Movingaround移動。根據(jù)上文“FritzSamwasdrivinghisUbercar”可知，此處是開車經(jīng)過。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：杰邁瑪同意后，他出去幫忙。A.payment支付；B.direction方向；C.permission允許；D.urgency緊急。根據(jù)后文“hewentouttohelp.”可知，此處得到了允許。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：大樓外面聚集了一群人，弗里茨和他們一起呼吁里面的人出來。A.hesitated猶豫；B.gathered聚集；C.passed通過；D.moved移動。根據(jù)上文“Outsideofthebuildingacrowdhad”以及上文提到建筑著火可知，此處是聚集了人群。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)有人說有兩個人還在里面時，他面臨著一個決定，是在外面的人行道上保持安全，還是沖進(jìn)危險的建筑物去幫助那些還在里面的人。A.still還；B.already已經(jīng)；C.even甚至；D.once立即。根據(jù)后文“buildingtohelpthosethatremained”可知，里面還有人。故選A。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)有人說有兩個人還在里面時，他面臨著一個決定，是在外面的人行道上保持安全，還是沖進(jìn)危險的建筑物去幫助那些還在里面的人。A.comparison比較；B.comment評論；C.sacrifice犧牲；D.decision決定。根據(jù)后文“ofstayingsafeoutonthesidewalkorrunningintothe”可知，此處指面臨呆在外面還是進(jìn)去的決定。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)有人說有兩個人還在里面時，他面臨著一個決定，是在外面的人行道上保持安全，還是沖進(jìn)危險的建筑物去幫助那些還在里面的人。A.strange奇怪的；B.crowded擁擠的；C.dangerous危險的；D.quiet安靜的。結(jié)合上文可知，建筑著火了，所以是危險的。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他迅速走進(jìn)煙霧彌漫的大樓，上了樓梯。A.randomly隨機(jī)地；B.quickly快速地；C.finally終于；D.patiently耐心地。根據(jù)后文“enteredthesmoke-filledbuildingandwentupthestairs”以及建筑物著火可知，此處是迅速進(jìn)入。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，他遇到了一個人，那個人說他一拿到值錢的東西就離開。A.leave離開；B.shout叫喊；C.return返回；D.relax放松。上文提到建筑著火了，所以是拿到值錢的東西就離開。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，他遇到了一個人，那個人說他一拿到值錢的東西就離開。A.extra額外的；B.valuable寶貴的；C.safe安全的；D.large大的。根據(jù)上文“hepickedupsomething”指拿到值錢的東西。故選B。【30題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：所以弗里茨在心里記著，他要在出大樓之前檢查一下那個人。A.communicatewith交流；B.dependon依賴；C.agreewith同意；D.checkon檢查。根據(jù)后文“themanbeforeheadingoutofthebuilding”可知，他要在出大樓之前檢查一下那個人是否離開了。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：上了另一段樓梯，他看見一個女人嚇得動彈不得。A.remembered記得；B.stopped停止；C.saw看見；D.chose選擇。根據(jù)賓語“awoman”可知，此處指看到一個女人。故選C。32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：上了另一段樓梯，他看見一個女人嚇得動彈不得。A.angry生氣的；B.embarrassed尷尬的；C.regretful后悔的；D.frightened害怕的。根據(jù)后文“tomove”以及too…to…表示“太……以至于不能”可知，女人太害怕了，不敢移動。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他急忙上前扶她，然后下樓去了。A.impress使印象深刻；B.support支持；C.convince說服；D.control控制。根據(jù)后文“herandheadeddownstairs”以及上文可知，女人不敢動，所以上前扶著女人。故選B。【34題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在他自己出門之前，弗里茨聽著他之前見過的那個人。A.previously以前；B.frequently頻繁地；C.eventually最后；D.secretly秘密地。根據(jù)上文“themanbeforeheadingoutofthebuilding”可知，這里指他之前遇到的那個男人。故選A。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他聽到樓下有動靜時，他跑回去，把那個人趕到門口。A.center中心；B.space空間；C.front前面；D.entrance入口。根據(jù)上文“heranbackandrushedthemantothe”可知，他下樓是為了把那個拿東西的男人趕到門口，讓他離開著火的建筑。故選