大鼠解剖圖譜—中英文

1、Rat Dissection,The following slides are intended to help you with dissection of the rat and then to review for the lab practical that will follow.,RATS,Rat Dissection,Scientific Name: Rattus norvegicus Common Name: Rat Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Subphylum- Vertebrata Class- Mammalia Order- R

2、odentia,RATS,Rat Dissection,The following web sites were used to obtain various dissection pictures. (1) http:/www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/biological_sciences/lab 15/biolab15_1.html (2) .au/home/jans/home/rat.htm (3) (4) (5) /companat/BAA_289L

3、_2004/heart/Rat/rat_thorax.htm (6) /courses/biog105/images/ratpics/unit6/ (7) /dept/bio/RatDissection/index.htm This has an excellent self quiz! Urogenital Tutorial- .au/undergrad/erat/index.html,SOURCES,Rat Diss

4、ection,REMOVING SKIN,Source #4,Rat Dissection,REMOVING SKIN,Source #7,Rat Dissection,REMOVING SKIN,Source #4,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Branchial:鰓的 Externa auditory meatus：外耳道 Temporalis：顳肌 Orbicularis oculi：眼輪匝肌 parotid duct：腮腺導管,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #1,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source

5、 #5,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Wrist:腕關節(jié) Long head of biceps brachi:肱二頭肌長頭 Medial head of triceps:肱三頭肌內側頭 Coracobrachialis:喙頭肌 Elbow：肘部 Tensor fasciae antebrachi: Long head of triceps:肱三頭肌長頭 Axilla region:腋部 Short head of biceps brachi:肱二頭肌短頭 Cranial:顱側 Caudal:

6、尾側 Distal:遠心端 Proximal:近心端,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #1,External jugular vein:頸外靜脈 Pectoralis muscles:胸肌 Triceps:肱三頭肌 Biceps:二頭肌 Masseter:咬肌,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #1,Cutaneous maximus: External jugular vein:頸外靜脈 Linea alba:腹白線,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Transversus abdominis:腹橫肌 Ep

7、igastric vein:腹壁下靜脈 Rectus abdominis:腹直肌 Internal oblique:腹內斜肌 External oblique:腹外斜肌 Rostral:頭側 Caudal:尾側 Lateral:外側 Medial:內側,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Thigh:大腿 Hip:臀部 Gluteus maximus:臀大肌 Caput vertebralis: Caput pelvis: Biceps femoris:股二頭肌 Semitendinosus:半腱肌 Vastus lateralis:股外側肌,Rat Dissec

8、tion,MUSCLES,Source #5,Vastus lateralis:股外側肌 Adductor magnus:大收肌 Biceps femoris:股二頭肌 Semimembranosus:半膜肌 Cranial:顱側 Caudal:尾側 Dorsal:背側 Ventral:腹側,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Iliacus:髂肌 Pectineus:恥骨肌 Adductor longus:長收肌 Gluteus medius:臀中肌 Vastus lateralis:股外側肌 Rectus femoris:股直肌 Vastus medialis

9、:股內側肌 Adductor magnus:大收肌 Gracilis:股薄肌 Flexor digitorum superficialis: 指(趾）淺屈肌,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Flexor digitorum superficialis: 指(趾）淺屈肌 Tibialias anterior:脛骨前肌 Flexor digitorum profundis:指(趾）深屈肌 Fibularis longus: Soleus:比目魚肌 Lateral head of gastrocnemius:腓腸肌外側頭 Plantaris:跖肌 medial he

10、ad of gastrocnemius:腓腸肌內側頭 Calcaneal tendon:跟腱 Heel of foot:足跟,Rat Dissection,MUSCLES,Source #5,Plantaris:跖肌 Flexor digitorum superficialis:指(趾）淺屈肌 Soleus:比目魚肌 medial head of gastrocnemius:腓腸肌內側頭 Calcaneal tendon:跟腱 Heel of foot:足跟,Rat Dissection,ORAL CAVITY,Source #6,Oral cavity:口腔 Hard palate:硬腭 S

11、oft palate:軟腭,Rat Dissection,ORAL CAVITY,Source #6,Saluvary gland:唾液腺,Rat Dissection,ABDOMINAL CAVITY,Source #4,Rat Dissection,ABDOMINAL CAVITY,Source #4,Rat Dissection,Source #7,ABDOMINAL CAVITY,Rat Dissection,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Source #1,Digestive organs:消化器官 Mesentery:腸系膜 Omentum:網膜,Rat Dissection,

12、Source #6,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Liver：肝臟 Caecum:盲腸 Small intestine:小腸,Rat Dissection,Source #6,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Duodenum:十二指腸 Stomach:胃 Spleen:脾臟 Large intestine:大腸,Rat Dissection,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Source #1,diaphragm:膈 Liver：肝臟 Small intestine:小腸 Spleen：脾臟 Caecum:盲腸,Rat Dissection,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Source

13、 #5,Caudal side of diaphragm:膈肌尾側面 Median lobe of liver:肝臟中葉 Ligamentum teres hepatis:肝靜脈索 Left lobe of liver:肝臟左葉 Stomach:胃 Greater omentum:大網膜 Small intestines:小腸,Rat Dissection,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Source #1,Duodenum:十二指腸 Pancreas:胰腺 Jejunum:空腸 Ileum:回腸 Colon:結腸 Caecum:盲腸,Rat Dissection,Source #6,DIG

14、ESTIVE ORGANS,Rat Dissection,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,Source #1,Transverse limb:橫結腸 Ascending limb:升結腸 Descending limb:降結腸,Rat Dissection,Source #1,THORACIC CAVITY,External jugular:頸外靜脈 Left common carotid:左頸總動脈 Left subclavian：左鎖骨下動脈 Aortic arch:主動脈弓 Left postcava:下腔靜脈 Lung:肺臟 Kidney:腎臟 Left atrium:左心房 Lef

15、t ventricle:左心室 Right precava:上腔靜脈 Innominate: Trachea:氣管,Rat Dissection,HEART + LUNGS,Source #5,Right auricle:右心耳 Thymus:胸腺 Left phrenic nerve:膈神經 Diaphragm:膈,Rat Dissection,RESPIRATORY ORGANS,Source #1,Rat Dissection,CIRCULATORY ORGANS,Source #1,Circulatory organs:循環(huán)器官 R. common carotid A.:右頸總動脈 R

16、. Subclavian A.右鎖骨下動脈 Innominate A.: R. Atrium:右心房 R.Lung:右肺 Esophagus：食管 Aorta:主動脈 Diaphragm：膈 R.:right L.:left A.:arterial 動脈的,Rat Dissection,HEART,Source #5,Right auricle:右心耳 Right ventricle:右心室 Left pulmonary artery:左肺動脈 Left auricle:左心耳,Rat Dissection,CIRCULATORY ORGANS,Source #1,Dorsal：背側的 sup

17、erior mesenteric A.:腸系膜上動脈 Coeliac A.:腹主動脈 R. Renal V.:右腎靜脈 Inferior vena cava:下腔靜脈 Kidney:腎臟 Ovary:卵巢 Dorsal aorta:背主動脈 Uterus:子宮 R. Common iliac A.:右髂總動脈 R. Iliolumbar V.右髂腰靜脈 R. Ovarian V.右卵巢靜脈,Rat Dissection,UROGENITAL ORGANS,Source #1,Urogenital system:泌尿生殖系統 Kidney：腎臟 Ovary:卵巢 Cornua of uterus

18、:子宮角,Rat Dissection,Source #5,EXCRETORY ORGANS,Pelvis:腎盂 Renal V.:腎靜脈 Cortex:皮質 Medulla:髓質,Rat Dissection,Source #5,UROGENITAL ORGANS,Right kidney:右腎 Uterine horn with feluses:有胚胎的子宮角 Right ureter:右輸尿管 Bladder:膀胱 Left adrenal gland:左腎上腺 Rectum:直腸,Rat Dissection,1.Trachea：氣管 2.Heart：心臟 3.Lung：肺臟 4.Di

19、aphragm：膈,Source #2,THORACIC CAVITY,Review and Quiz Yourself,Rat Dissection,1.Right Atrium：右心房 2.Right Ventricle：右心室 3.Left Atrium：左心房 4.Left Ventricle：左心室,Source #2,HEART,Review and Quiz Yourself,Rat Dissection,1.Jugular Vein：頸靜脈 2.Carotid Artery：頸動脈 3.Superior Vena Cava：上腔靜脈 4.Ascending Aorta：升主動脈

20、 5.Atrium (right)：心房（右） 6.Ventricles ：心室,THORACIC CIRCULATION,Source #2,Review and Quiz Yourself,Rat Dissection,You should be familiar with the order of the parts of the alimentary canal. Following the path that food would take, we would pass through:熟悉消化道膈部分的順序和名稱。下圖標明食物通過消化道的順序： Oral Cavity口腔 Phar

21、ynx咽 Esophagus食管 Stomach胃 Pyloric Sphincter幽門括約肌 Small Intestine小腸 Duodenum十二指腸 Jejunum空腸 Ileum回腸 Large Intestine大腸 Cecum盲腸 Colon 結腸 - Ascending Limb升支 - Transverse Limb 橫支 - Descending Limb降支 Rectum直腸 Anus肛門,Source #1,ABDOMINAL CAVITY 腹腔,Rat Dissection,1. Liver肝 2. Stomach胃 3. Pancreas胰臟 4. Duodenu

22、m十二指腸 5. Small Intestines小腸 6. Cecum盲腸 7. Urinary Bladder膀胱,Source #2,ABDOMINAL CAVITY 腹腔,Review and Quiz Yourself,Rat Dissection,1. Abdominal Aorta腹主動脈 2. Renal Artery (left)腎動脈（左） 3. Renal Vein (left) 腎靜脈（左） 4. Inferior Vena Cava 下腔靜脈 5. Hepatic Portal Vein肝門靜脈,ABDOMINAL CIRCULATION 腹部血液循環(huán),Source

23、#2,Review and Quiz Yourself,Rat Dissection,1. Coagulating Gland凝固腺 2. Urinary Bladder膀胱 3. Vas Deferens輸精管 4. Epididymis附睪 5. Small Intestines小腸 6. Seminal Vesicle精囊腺 7. Prostate Gland前列腺 8. Penis陰莖 9. Testis睪丸 10.Scrotum陰囊,MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 雄性生殖器官,Source #2,Review and Quiz Yourself,Rat Disse

24、ction,Stomach胃 Kidney腎 Ovary卵巢 Oviduct輸卵管 Uterine Horn 子宮角 Large Intestine大腸 Urinary Bladder膀胱,FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS雌性生殖器官,Source #2,Review and Quiz Yourself,Rat Dissection,10. 13. 15.,TAGGED ORGANS,Source #7,Review and Quiz Yourself,Biceps Brachii肱二頭肌,Masseter嚼肌,Rib Cage胸廓,Rat Dissection,5. 9.

25、 22. 27.,TAGGED ORGANS,Source #7,Review and Quiz Yourself,Heart心臟,Trachea氣管,Lung肺,Esophagus食管,3. 7. 8. 11. 17. 18.,Rat Dissection,TAGGED ORGANS,Source #7,Review and Quiz Yourself,Cecum盲腸,Small Intestine小腸,Ovary卵巢,Diaphragm膈,Liver肝,Spleen脾,Rat Dissection,24. 26.,TAGGED ORGANS,Source #7,Review and Qui

26、z Yourself,Uterine Horn子宮角,Urinary Bladder 膀胱,Rat Dissection,1. 6. 20. 23. 25.,TAGGED ORGANS,Source #7,Review and Quiz Yourself,Ureter輸尿管,Kidney腎,Rectum直腸,Stomach胃,Adrenal Gland腎上腺,Rat Dissection,Toward the midline朝中線方向 Toward the back (upper surface of body)朝向背部（動物身體的上表面） Toward the tail朝向尾部 Toward

27、 the side朝向兩邊 Farthest from the point of attachment附著點的最遠端 Toward the belly (underside of body)朝向腹部（動物身體的下表面） Closest to the point of attachment附著點附近 Toward the head朝向頭部,Review and Quiz Yourself,NAME THAT FUNCTION:,Caudal尾側,Lateral外側,Cranial顱側,Proximal近端,Ventral腹側,Distal遠端,Dorsal背側,Medial內側,Heres a

28、word bank to help you out: Caudal Cranial Distal Dorsal Lateral Medial Proximal Ventral,ANATOMICAL TERMS解剖術語,Rat Dissection,The term referring to bending of a joint 關節(jié)彎曲的術語 The term referring to movement of an appendage toward the long axis of the body四肢向身體長軸方向移動的術語 The term referring to straighteni

29、ng of a joint關節(jié)處伸直的術語 The term referring to movement of an appendage away from the long axis of the body四肢向身體長軸反方向移動的術語,ANATOMICAL TERMS解剖術語,Review and Quiz Yourself,NAME THAT FUNCTION:,Adduction內收,Flexion俯屈,Abduction外展,Extension伸展,Rat Dissection,The whiskers, which have a sensory function 有感知功能的胡須

30、The flap-like external ear that directs sound waves into the ear opening收集聲波片狀的外耳 Paired openings leading into the nose鼻子的一對導氣孔 Organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities胸腔腹腔里的組織 A partition or wall separating 2 cavities分割兩腔的隔膜 A membrane which suspends the organs支持器官的膜 Shiny membrane that lines

31、the abdominal cavity腹腔光滑的膜,Review and Quiz Yourself,NAME THAT ORGAN:,Vibrissae觸須,Pinna耳郭,Nares鼻孔,Mesentery腸系膜,Septum隔膜,Viscera內臟,Peritoneum腹膜,Heres a word bank to help you out: Mesentery Nares Peritoneum Pinna Septum Vibrissae Viscera,ORGAN FUNCTION 器官功能,Rat Dissection,Abducts the thigh大腿向外側運動 Exten

32、ds the forelimb前肢伸直 Constricts the abdomen腹部收縮 Closes the jaw關閉下顎 Adducts the thigh大腿內側運動 Flexes the forelimb前肢彎曲 Draws the forelimb toward the chest前肢向胸側運動 Extends the foot伸腳 Moves the forelimb dorsally + caudally前肢向背部和尾部運動,Review and Quiz Yourself,NAME THAT MUSCLE:,Biceps Femoris股二頭肌,Triceps Brach

33、ii肱三頭肌,External Obliques腹外斜肌,Biceps Brachii肱二頭肌,Gracilis股薄肌,Masseter咬肌,Pectoralis Major胸大肌,Heres a word bank to help you out: Biceps Brachii Biceps Femoris External Obliques Gastrocnemius Gluteus Maximus Gracilis Latissimus Dorsi Masseter Pectoralis Major Triceps Brachi,or,Gluteus Maximums 臀大肌,Gastr

34、ocnemius腓腸肌,Latissimus Dorsi背闊肌,ORGAN FUNCTION 器官功能,Rat Dissection,Produces WBCs (White blood cells)產白細胞 Moves food in mouth and tastes將食物移入嘴里，品嘗 Organs for gas exchange換氣的器官 Windpipe leading from pharynx to lungs由咽到肺的管道 Bony anterior roof of mouth口腔前骨頂 Muscular sheet that separates the thoracic and

35、 abdominal cavities分開胸腔與腹腔的肌肉層 Incisors (biting) and molars (grinding)剪切和磨食物 Muscular posterior roof of mouth口腔頂尾部肌肉 Affects metabolic rate and body growth 影響新陳代謝率和身體成長,Review and Quiz Yourself,NAME THAT ORGAN:,Tongue舌頭,Lungs肺,Diaphragm橫膈膜,Hard Palate硬腭,Trachea氣管,Teeth牙齒,Heres a word bank to help yo

36、u out: Diaphragm Hard Palate Lungs Soft Palate Teeth Thymus Gland Thyroid Gland Tongue Trachea,Thymus Gland胸腺,Soft Palate軟腭,Thyroid Gland甲狀腺,ORGAN FUNCTION 器官功能,Rat Dissection,Produces insulin for glucose metabolism產生胰島素的地方 Aids in digestion of proteins幫助蛋白質消化的地方 Food tube from pharynx to stomach將食物

37、由咽部運送至胃的導管 Digests and absorbs nutrients營養(yǎng)物質的消化吸收的地方 Folds in stomach that help mix food胃里幫助碾碎食物的摺 Secretes bile, cleans blood, stores glycogen分泌膽汁，凈化血液，儲存糖原 Cleans blood, removes old RBCs凈化血液，清除年老的紅細胞 Reabsorption of water水重吸收 Blind pouch where ileum joins colon回腸與結腸連接處的盲段 End of intestines, compac

38、tion of feces消化道尾端，壓縮排泄物,Review and Quiz Yourself,NAME THAT ORGAN:,Stomach胃,Esophagus食道,Liver肝,Rugae胃皺褶,Small Intestines小腸,Spleen脾,Heres a word bank to help you out: Cecum Esophagus Large Intestine Liver Pancreas Small Intestine Spleen Stomach Rectum Rugae,Pancreas胰腺,Large Intestine大腸,Cecum盲腸,Rectum直腸,ORGAN FUNCTION 器官功能,Rat Dissection,Removes wastes + excess H20 from blood將血液中的廢物和多余的水除去的地方 Houses developing fetuses胎兒生長的地方 Produces and stores sperm儲存精子的地方 Stores urine before excretion尿