最常用醫(yī)學(xué)前后綴

1、100個(gè)最最常用醫(yī)學(xué)前后綴Table 1 Examples of organs and systems （部分器官與系統(tǒng)術(shù)語(yǔ)）中文普通前/后綴形容詞示例心heartcardiocardiaccardialcardiology 心臟病學(xué) endocarditis 心內(nèi)膜炎myocarditis 心肌炎腦braincerebroencephalocraniocerebralcranialcerebrum 大腦cerebellum 小腦encephalopathy 腦病intracranial 顱內(nèi)的 肺lungpulmopulmonarypulmonology 肺病學(xué)pulmonectomy 肺切

2、除pulmonitis 肺炎肝liverhepatohepatichepatitis 肝炎hepatobiliary 肝膽的hepatoenterostomy 肝腸吻合腎Kidney.nephrorenalnephritis 腎炎nephropathy 腎病nephrectomy 腎切除胃stomachgastrogastricgastritis 胃炎gastroenteritis 胃腸炎gastrectomy 胃切除腸intestinegutbowelenterointestinalenteritis 腸炎grastroenteritis 胃腸炎enterostomy 腸造口術(shù)食道/管eso

3、phagusesophagoesophagealesophagitis 食道炎esophagoscopy 食道鏡esophagoplasty 食道成形術(shù)膽 （汁）gallbladderBile cholebiliarycholecystitis 膽囊炎cholecystectomy 膽囊切除cholelithiasis膽結(jié)石脾spleensplenosplenicsplenectomy 脾切除splenomegaly脾大胰pancreaspancreatopancreaticpancreatitis 胰腺炎pancreatectomy 胰腺切除pancreatopathy 胰腺病膀胱bladd

4、ercystcystocysticcystitis 膀胱炎cystectomy 膀胱切除cystography 膀胱造影（泌）尿UrineUrethraurourethroUrinaryurethralurology 泌尿病學(xué)transurethral 經(jīng)尿道的urosurgery 泌尿外科直腸Anusrectumrectoanalrectalrectoscopy 直腸鏡檢查rectoplasty 直腸成形術(shù) rectocolitis 直腸結(jié)腸炎結(jié)腸coloncolocolonalcolitis 結(jié)腸炎colorectoscopy 直腸結(jié)腸鏡檢查colostomy 結(jié)腸造口肌musclemyo

5、muscularmyocarditis 心肌炎myoloma 肌瘤myotonia 肌強(qiáng)直關(guān)節(jié)jointarthroarticulararthritis 關(guān)節(jié)炎o(hù)steoarthritis 骨關(guān)節(jié)炎arthropathy 關(guān)節(jié)病骨boneosteo bonyosteoplasty 骨整形osteogenesis 骨生長(zhǎng)osteopathy 骨病髓marrowmyelmyeloma 骨髓瘤myelitis 骨髓炎myelopathy 骨髓病血bloodHematoHemo/ahematology 血液學(xué) hematoma 血腫hemastasis 止血血管vesselvasoangiovascu

6、larcardiovascular accident (CVA) 心血管意外cerebrovascular 腦血管的vasopressin 血管加壓素angiography 血管造影動(dòng)脈artery arterioarterialarteriosclerosis 動(dòng)脈硬化 靜脈veinveno venousIntravenous 靜脈內(nèi)的神經(jīng)nerveneuronervousneurosurgery 神經(jīng)外科 neuron 神經(jīng)元neuroma 神經(jīng)瘤細(xì)胞cellcytocellularleukocyte 白細(xì)胞cytology 細(xì)胞學(xué)cytoma 細(xì)胞瘤眼eyeophthalmooculoo

7、cularvisualophthalmology 眼科學(xué)ophthalmitis 眼炎o(hù)phthalmalgia 眼痛 耳earaudioauditoryaudibleAudiometer 聽(tīng)力計(jì)Audiovisual 視聽(tīng)的audiosurgery 耳外科鼻noserhinonasonasalrhinorrhea鼻溢rhinopharyngeal 鼻咽的nasogastric 鼻胃的口mouthorooralorolingual 口舌的舌tonguelinguolingualsublingual 舌下的lingustics 語(yǔ)言學(xué)linguoplacement 舌向移位咽喉throatlar

8、yngopharyngolaryngealpharyngeallaryngectomy 喉切除laryngitis 喉炎pharyngitis 咽炎氣管airwayair pipeair passagetracheatracheotrachealtracheostomy 氣管插管tracheoscope 氣管鏡tracheoesophageal 氣管食道的 Table 2 Examples of diseased states (部分病態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ))含義前/后綴示例病patho-pathypathogen 病原, pathology 病理學(xué), nephropathy腎病, encephalopath

9、y腦病病態(tài)-osis/-asisneurosis 神經(jīng)病, tuberculosis 肺結(jié)核 TB增多-osisleukocytosis 白細(xì)胞增多癥減少-peniapancytopenia 全血細(xì)胞減少炎癥 inflammation-itisarthritis 關(guān)節(jié)炎， hepatitis 肝炎腫塊-omalymphoma 淋巴瘤，hematoma 血腫, carcinoma癌疼痛 pain-algia-algesiaanalgesia 止痛 analgesicsgastralgia血癥-emialeukemia 白血病，septicemia 敗血癥, bacteremia菌血癥 anemi

10、a麻痹-plegiahemiplegia 偏癱，myoplegia 肌肉麻痹壞死necro-necrosishepatonecrosis肝壞死，necrospermia 精子壞死ovum sperm不良mal-malnutrition 營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良，malfunction 功能障礙, malpractice醫(yī)療差錯(cuò)流出-rrheadiarrhea 腹瀉，rhinorrhea 鼻溢, hypermenorrhea月經(jīng)過(guò)多困難/障礙dysdysfunction 功能障礙， dyspepsia消化不良, dyspnea呼吸困難無(wú)aatypical 非典型的，asymptomatic無(wú)癥狀的, agran

11、ulocytosis 粒細(xì)胞減少癥復(fù)合/多poly-polyuria 多尿，polyopia 復(fù)視巨-megalysplenomegaly 脾大，acromegaly 肢端肥大癥, hepatomegaly 肝大結(jié)石litho-lithcholelithes 膽結(jié)石，lithiasis結(jié)石癥Table 3 Examples of surgical terminology （部分外科術(shù)語(yǔ)）含義前/后綴示例切除-ectomygastrectomy, appendectomy, laryngectomy切開(kāi)-tomytracheotomy, hysterotomy, craniotomy造口/吻合-

12、stomycolostomy, ileostomy 回腸造口, tracheostomy整（矯）形ortho-orthopedics, orthotherapy, orthosurgery造影-graphyangiography, nephrography, radiography經(jīng)trans-transurethral, transcutaneous, transfusion成形-plastyosteoplasty, myoplasty, esophagoplastyTable 4 Examples of directions and positions (部分方向位置)含義普通前/后綴示例

13、上upper, superiorepi- , supra-epigastric 上腹部的，supraclavicular 鎖骨上的下lower, inferiorinfra-, sub-subclavicular, 鎖骨下的，subcostal肋下的, inferior vena cava下腔靜脈前 front, anterior, priorfore-, ante, pre-, antero, forehead, 前額，anteroposterior 前后的/正位的后back, posterior, rear post-, retro-, postero-postprandial餐后的， r

14、etroperitoneal 腹膜后的內(nèi)inner, internalIn-, intra, endo, ento-inhalation吸入， endoscope內(nèi)窺鏡, intracranial顱內(nèi)的 外outer, externalex-, exo- extract 提取，excretion排泄, exocardial心外的側(cè)lateral bilateral雙側(cè)的， unilateral單側(cè)的, contralateral對(duì)側(cè)的, isolateral同側(cè)的 旁 / 副adjacent, appendix para-parathyroid 甲狀旁腺， paracancer 癌旁 周per

15、ipheral, aroundperi-perioperative 圍術(shù)的，perinatal圍產(chǎn)的 間between inter-intercostal 肋間的，intercellular細(xì)胞間的中心central centro-, centri-centrifuge 離心， centronucleus中心核橫向, 經(jīng).transversetrans-transfusion 輸血， transcutaneous 經(jīng)皮的Table 5 Examples of cells and colors （部分細(xì)胞與顏色）含義前/后綴示例色chromo / cromochromosome 染色體，crom

16、olyn 色苷酸鈉紅erythro erythrocyte, erythrocytosis白leukoleukocyte, leukemia, leukocytuira 黑melanomelanoma黑素瘤, melena 黑便青、藍(lán)cyanocyanosis 紫紺, cyanemia 藍(lán)血癥 淋巴lymph lymphocyte, lymphoma粒granulogranulocyte, granulocytosis 成細(xì)胞blastfibroblast 成纖細(xì)胞網(wǎng)狀reticuloreticulocyte 網(wǎng)狀細(xì)胞嗜堿的basi, baso, alkalobasophil 嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞嗜酸

17、的eosino, acidoeosinocyte, eos(i)nophil嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞凝血的thrombothrombocyte 凝血細(xì)胞 （= 血小板platelet） Table 6 Examples of compounds (部分化合物)含義前/后綴示例（酸）鹽-ate sulfate 硫酸鹽, nitrate 硝酸鹽, acetate 醋酸鹽 醇-ol alcohol 酒精, taxol 紫杉醇, ethanol 乙醇, allopurinol 別嘌呤醇醛-al methylal甲縮醛, retinal視黃醛糖-saccharide, glyco-, gluco-, saccharo-glycogen糖原, glucose葡萄糖, saccharide糖, polysaccharide 多糖酮-one ketone 酮，acetone 丙酮, ketoacidosis酮酸中毒 酶-ase transaminase轉(zhuǎn)氨酶, reductase還原酶素-inheparin 肝素, nuclein核素, erythromycin 紅霉素 原-genantigen 抗原, collagen 膠原 苯基/酚phenol-phenol酚（石炭酸）, phenate 酚