中考英語短文填空題答題指導(dǎo)

1、中考英語短文填空題答題指導(dǎo)清華大學(xué)英語系測試：為中學(xué)英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：/ 清華大學(xué)英語教授50年研究成果中考英語短文填空題答題指導(dǎo)一、短文填空題型說明短文填空也叫綜合填空，其特點是將一篇短文中的若干個詞抽出后，要求考生根據(jù)短文的意思，在每個空格中填上一個詞，使短文意思完整正確。它是測試同學(xué)們理解能力及對詞匯、語法和習(xí)慣用法等的掌握情況的一種形式。這是中考中一個比較難的項目。其原因是考點不明確：凡涉及英文的理解、詞匯、語法和習(xí)慣用法的都可以考。內(nèi)容更是包羅萬象：天文地理、歷史人文、科技發(fā)展、旅游廣告等。要求同學(xué)們在讀通、讀懂的基礎(chǔ)上，填出符合內(nèi)

2、容和語法的詞或詞組。凡是課文中學(xué)到的詞匯和語法都是考試的范圍，各種介詞、副詞和習(xí)慣用法也會經(jīng)?？嫉?。尤其對于長句子，特別要注意其結(jié)構(gòu)，要精確地分析句子成分。在做綜合填空時，要養(yǎng)成快速閱讀全文的習(xí)慣。句子讀得越快越長，理解的精度就越高。根據(jù)其難度的不同又分為選詞填空題、限詞填空題和自由填空題。二、短文填空解題思路 1. 跳過空格，通讀短文，了解大意。解題時先跳過空格，通讀完形填空的短文，了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首句，善于以首句的時態(tài)、語氣為立足點，理清文脈，推測全文時態(tài)、主題及大意。2. 復(fù)讀短文，確定語義，判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文，利用上下文的語境，結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識，先確定空

3、格處所需詞語的意義，再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。 3. 三讀短文，上下參照，驗證答案。在短文的空白處分別填上一個詞后，將完成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考。可從上、下文內(nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等進(jìn)行綜合驗證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。三、做短文填空題的注意之處 1. 語義完整、適用是做好填詞的前提，要從全文的內(nèi)容出發(fā)，前后上下聯(lián)系起來考慮，避免“只見樹木，不見森林”的錯誤。2. 要善于從文中同樣結(jié)構(gòu)或類似結(jié)構(gòu)中尋找線索，從中得到提示和啟發(fā)，幫助確定應(yīng)填詞的詞性和詞形，這樣

4、可避免想當(dāng)然地隨意亂填。3. 填詞時應(yīng)注意詞形，不可簡單地都填原形詞。若空格內(nèi)填的是名詞，要考慮其單復(fù)數(shù)形式；若填的是形容詞或副詞，則要考慮其是否屬于比較等級；如若填的是動詞，則要特別注意考慮其時態(tài)和語態(tài)。如在句首，還要考慮其首字母的大寫。4. 有些空格需要填入介詞、連詞等，除考慮上下文的內(nèi)容外，還要考慮和其他詞的固定搭配及其習(xí)慣用法。5. 選詞填空題和限詞填空題一般只有一個答案，自由填空題雖然可能允許有多個正確答案，但只能選擇其中一個填入，因為完形填空題每個空格只準(zhǔn)填寫一個單詞，多填反而出錯。四、短文填空實戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練No. 01 Are you able to send a letter wit

5、h pictures and sounds to someone anywhere in the world without putting a stamp on it? W_(1) e-mail you can just do that. Using a c_(2) you can send e-mail quickly and easily. The post is much s_(3) than e-mail. E-mail cansend i_(4) message to the other side of the world in seconds. E-mail iseasytous

6、eandit s_(5)time and money. The differences in time in different parts of the world do not matter w_(5) sendinge-mail.Itis twenty-four-hour service(服務(wù)) that you can send an e-mail at any time of the day or n_(6). No onehastobet_(7) to receive e-mail. It d_(8) matter if your friends are inbed when yo

7、usend an e-mail tothem,oryou are seeing a f_(10) at the cinema when they send an e-mail back.【答案與解析】通讀全文，我們可以知道這是一篇介紹發(fā)送電子郵件的短文。1. 由上下文可知，此處應(yīng)填介詞With，意為使用e-mail。2. 發(fā)送e-mail，一定要使用電腦，所以應(yīng)填 computer。3. 通過閱讀上下文及本句可知，此處應(yīng)填形容詞的比較級 slower。4. 根據(jù)句意可知，e-mail 應(yīng)發(fā)“它的”信息，所以填its。5. 根據(jù)上下文可知發(fā)送電子郵件可以節(jié)省時間和錢，所以填saves。6. 此處

8、意為“世界上不同的時間、不同的地區(qū)對于何時發(fā)送e-mail沒關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)填when。7. 此處應(yīng)填night，與day 相對應(yīng)。8. 根據(jù)上文可知“不需要有人在那兒接收電子郵件”，所以應(yīng)填there。9. 根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知應(yīng)填doesnt。10. 在電影院里，應(yīng)該是看電影，所以填film。No. 02根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使短文的意思完整，每格限填寫一個英語單詞，要求開頭第一個字母與所給的字母相同。 All around the world, people drink tea. But tea does not m_(1) the same thing to e_(2). In d

9、ifferent countries people have very different i_(3) about drinking tea. In China people always have tea t_(4) with their friends. They may drink tea at any time of the day. They only put tea leaves in their cups. They p_(5) the tea with n_(6) else in it. Tea is also i_(7) in Japan. It is very p_(8)

10、there. People drink tea every day. But they have it in a way different from that in China. In the USA people drink tea at breakfast or after m_(9). They usually use tea bags to make their tea. Making tea with bags is faster and e_(10) than making it with tea leaves in teapots. 【答案與解析】本題屬于限詞填空題。解題時先跳

11、過空格，通讀全文。根據(jù)首句的意思，很快就能推測出本文的主題是關(guān)于茶文化的問題，不同的國家喝茶的時間和方式各不相同。理清文章的脈絡(luò)和大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文，利用空格所給的首字母提示，結(jié)合上、下文的內(nèi)容，先確定所填詞的意義，再考慮其正確的形式。比如第4空所在的句子，其內(nèi)容是：在中國人們總是和朋友(一起)喝茶。根據(jù)句子意思加上空格上所給首字母t的提示，很容易判定所填的詞為together。再比如第7空和第8空所在的兩個句子，講的是日本人喝茶的情況。根據(jù)后面的句子“日本人每天都喝茶”，可以反推茶在日本既重要又普及，再根據(jù)這兩空所給的首字母i和p的提示，可以確定該填的詞為important和popular

12、。第9空填入meal時應(yīng)考慮其復(fù)數(shù)形式。第十空填入easy時要考慮用其比較級，因為空格后有“than”，提示了這是一個比較等級的句子。本題正確答案為：(1) mean (2)everyone (3)ideas (4)together (5)prefe (6)nothing (7)important (8) popular (9)meals (10)easier。最后將完成后的短文再細(xì)讀一遍，檢查上下文是否順理成章，所填詞是否正確無誤。No. 03閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)每個空格中所給的詞首字母填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文意思完整。While traveling in Russia. Ed Jackson

13、ran short of (缺少) money. So he wrote t_(1) his brother, asking for $ 500. Send the m_(2) by telegram (電報) to the bank (銀行) here. he wrote. After a week Ed began v_ (3) the bank. He s_(4) his passport (護(hù)照)to the bank clerk (職員). Nothing has come for you, Mr Jackson. he was told.This went o_(5) for th

14、ree weeks, and Mr Jackson got very w _ (6), he phoned his brother, asking w_(7) the money was. The brother said it had been sent three weeksb_(8). That evening Ed Jackson was arrested (被捕) for failing to p_(9) his hotel bill (帳單). He tried to tell the police what his problem was, but no one would be

15、lieve him. At last he was s_(10) to the police station for fifteen days.【答案與解析】1. to。 write to sb. 表示“給某人寫信”。2. money。 前面有“asking for $ 500”，后面有“to the bank”。3. visiting。 在這里visiting意思是“到、去”的意思。4. showed。 show sth. to sb. 意思是“把-給某人看”或“向某人出示”。5. on。 go on 意思是“繼續(xù)”。6. worried。 連續(xù)三個星期沒有拿到錢，當(dāng)然是“very worr

16、ied”。7. where。 依上下文內(nèi)容，應(yīng)用表示地點的連接詞。8. before。before常與完成時連用。9. pay。 后面的中心詞是“bill”，前面與之搭配的動詞應(yīng)該用“pay”。10.sent。 be sent to some place意思是“被送到某地”。清華大學(xué)英語系測試：為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：/ 清華大學(xué)英語教授50年研究成果九年級英語綜合練習(xí)題（一）II. 知識運用：A. 單項填空：從A、B、C三個選項中選擇正確的答案填空。21. This is _8-year-old boy. A. a B. an C. t

17、he22. There are many _in the hospital. A. people B. womans C. news23. There isnt _with your back. A. nothing wrong B. wrong nothing C. anything wrong24. Turn left _the traffic lights. Youll see the station _the right. A. on, in B. by, on C. at, on25. You must finish your homework _you go home. A. af

18、ter B. before C. until26. Are you feeling a bit _?No, even worse.A. worse B. well C. better27. What a _snow! It is snowing _. A. heavy, heavy B. heavy, heavily C. heavily, heavy28. We _at the school _two years. A. have come, since B. have been, for C. have been, since29. When_you _this nice computer

19、?Last summer.A. have, bought B. did, bought C. did, buy30. The watch _in five minutes. A. can be repaired B. repairs C. can repair31. Tell Li Ming _the window. A. not open B. not to open C. to not open32. There is little water in that bottle, _? A. is there B. isnt it C. isnt there33. Do you know th

20、e most beautiful girl _wears a red coat? A. who B. when C. which34. _wonderful the trip was! A. What B. How C. What a35. I want to know _. A. when he will leave B. when does he leave C. when will he leaveB. 完形填空：通讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，選擇最佳答案。（15分）（A）Last night, as 36 as I fell asleep, I dreamt that I went to

21、 the garden. I dreamt that I was busy 37 trees all night long! Then a few nights ago, I dreamt I was 38 an old ship. There was a terrible storm. We 39 to work for hours to stop the ship from going down. Its always like that. In my dreams. I always have very difficult jobs 40 do.（ ）36. A. soon B. qui

22、ck C. far（ ）37. A. plant B. to plant C. planting（ ）38. A. under B. after D. on（ ）39. A. have B. had C. having（ ）40. A. to B. from C. of（B）Dick did not live too far away from school, so he liked to 41 to school every day. On his way to school, he always went 42 a playground. When it rained, like othe

23、r boys. Dick liked playing in the water. One afternoon when the boy came 43 , he was all wet. His mother became very 44 and said, “Dont play in the water after school”. The next day he was very 45 again, and his mother became even 46 . “Ill tell your father 47 you go to play in the water again,” she

24、 said, “And then hell punish you”. The 48 day the boy was dry when he came back from school.” You are a 49 boy today”, his mother said, “You didnt play in the water.” “No,” he answered, “Because there were 50 older boys in the water. I couldnt play in it.”（ ）41. A. go B. walk C. fly（ ）42. A. past B.

25、 pass C. cross（ ）43. A. house B. family C. home（ ）44. A. angry B. happy C. worried（ ）45. A. dry B. late C. wet（ ）46. A. happy B. happier C. angrier（ ）47. A. if B. before C. for（ ）48. A. first B. second C. third（ ）49. A. good B. better C. bad（ ）50. A. many so B. so many C. too muchIII. 閱讀技能：閱讀下列材料，選出

26、最佳答案或完成句子。（每小題2分，共15小題）（A）Most people always like to collect things. For example, they like collecting stamps, books, pictures or coins. But my friend Mr Clock likes collecting clocks. He has five hundred clocks now.There are clocks everywhere in his house. You can see shelves standing in every room

27、. All the shelves are full of clocks. Mr Clock is glad to do this, but his wife doesnt like it at all. She has a lot of work to do every day. Its not easy for her to clean all the clocks every day. She is also angry at the noise. Each clock keeps its own time, so she hears clocks strike almost all t

28、he time during day and night.There is something even worse: She never knows which clock tells the right time!（ ）51. Who likes collecting clocks? A. Mr Clock B. Mrs Clock C. Mr and Mrs Clock（ ）52. How many clocks does he have? A. 400 B. 500 C. 5000（ ）53. Who cleans the clocks every day? A. Mr Clock B

29、. Mrs Clock C. A girl（ ）54. What does Mrs Clock think of the clock? A. She likes them very much. B. She thinks they are very helpful C. She doesnt like them at all.（ ）55. What is the biggest problem of the clocks? A. They are all old B. They are not beautiful. C. Mrs Clock doesnt know which clock te

30、lls the right time.（B）There are seven days in a week. The name of the days are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday, Sunday is the first day of the week. Its a holiday, Many people dont work on Sundays. But for some people, Sunday isnt a holiday. Policemen, bus-drivers a

31、nd many other people work on Sundays. They make others have the holiday.Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday are weekdays. Weekdays are days for work. Everyone works hard on weekdays. They know they are working for the country and the people.The weekend is Saturday and Sunday. On Saturday

32、 and Sunday, people usually have a good time. Then Monday comes again, people are busy with the new weeks work.（ ）56. This passage is about _. A. the weekendB. weekdaysC. the seven days of the week（ ）57. Most of people work for _in a week. A. five days B. six days C. seven days（ ）58. Wednesday is th

33、e _day of the week. A. second B. third C. fourth（ ）59. Why do policemen, bus-drivers and many other people work on Sundays? A. They only want to make money B. They make others have the holiday. C. They are crazy about their work.（ ）60. People dont usually have a good time, do they? _ A. Yes, they do

34、 B. NO, they dont C. Yes, they dont（C）One day a general (將軍) asked his soldiers, “What is the strongest power in the world?” Four of his soldiers put up their hands. They wanted to answer the question. The general asked the first man to speak. The first man is younger than the other three, but hes n

35、ot strong. He said, “My gun (槍) is the strongest. It can kill anyone.” “Thank you. Next, please.” The second one is very strong. He said, “I dont think so. Soldiers use guns. So the soldier is the strongest.” The third man said, “Soldiers use guns, but our general gives order. So I think our general

36、 is the strongest.” The fourth man is the oldest. He said, “Love is the strongest. For love, people dont use guns.” The general said nothing. He took out a medal (獎?wù)? and gave it to him.（ ）61. _soldiers answer the generals question. A. All the B. One of the C. Four of the（ ）62. What does the younges

37、t man think is the strongest power in the world? A. the general B. a gun C. a soldier（ ）63. What does the third man think is the strongest power in the world? A. the general B. a gun C. a soldier（ ）64. What does the oldest man think about it? A. Gun is the strongest B. Soldier is the strongest. C. L

38、ove is the strongest（ ）65. Whose answer does the general think is the best? A. the first mans B. the second mans C. the fourth mansIV. 寫作技能：A. 完成對話：通讀下面的對話，然后根據(jù)上下文補全對話。（5分）A: 66 ?B: Yes, please. Today is Mothers Day! Id like to buy a dress for my mother.A: Look. Here are dresses for women. 67B: Size

39、 M.A: 68 ?B: She likes blue.A: How about this one?B: Great. Where is it made?A: 69 .B: 70 ?A: 380 yuan.B: OK. Ill take it.B. 閱讀短文回答問題：然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容簡要回答下列問題。（5分）Planes are slowly driving me mad I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard day and night. The airport was built years ago, but for s

40、ome reasons it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a lot of money to go

41、 away, but I decide to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.71. Where does he live? _72. Are the planes noisy or quiet? _73. How many people left their home because of the noise? _74. What does he decide to do? _75. What does everybody say about him? _C. 翻譯：將文中劃線部分譯成漢語

42、。（5分）(76)Food is very important. Everyone needs to eat well if he or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is knowledge.When we are young, we start getting knowledge. (77)Young children like watching and listening. When children are older, they enjoy

43、reading. (78)When something interests them, they love asking questions.Our minds, like our bodies, always need the best food (79)Studying on our own brings the most knowledge. If someone is always telling us answers, we will never learn well. (80)When we study correctly and get knowledge on our own,

44、 we learn more and understand better.76. _77. _78. _79. _80. _D. 情景作文：（10分）為了迎接2008年奧運會的到來，近幾年來北京發(fā)生了很大的變化，人們修建了許多高樓，修建了寬闊的馬路，它變成了一座美麗的現(xiàn)代化都市，請你以林濤的名義給你的筆友Jim寫一封信。向他介紹北京的近況。（信頭，信尾已給出）字?jǐn)?shù)要求：不少于60詞。Dear Jim,_Yours,Lin Tao試題答案I.15 ACAAB6. My name is . 7. Its May 9th.8. Yes, I did. 9. Certainly. 10. Thank

45、you.1115 BCCAB16. ten 17. half an hour later 18. harder 19. stopped20. musicII.2125 BACCA 2630 CBBCA3135 BAABA3640 ACCBA4145 BACAC 4650 CACABIII.5155 ABBCC5660 CACBA6165 CBACCIV.66. Can I help you 67. What size does she wear?68. What color does she like 69. Its made in Shanghai70. How much is it71. He lives near an airport. 72. They ate noisy.73. Over a hundred people. 74. He decides to stay there.75. Everybody says he must be mad and they are probably right.76. 食物是非常重要的。