電氣安全-Cargill-Electric-Safety.ppt

1、Slide 1,Electric Safety 用電安全,Slide 2,Approval 認(rèn)證,All electrical conductors and equipment shall be approved. 所有電氣線路和設(shè)備都必須獲得認(rèn)證,Slide 3,國(guó)家級(jí)認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu),Slide 4,Applicability 適用性,Suitability for installation and use in conformity with the provisions of applicable rules - evidenced by listing, labeling, or certi

2、fication for that identified purpose. 按使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上的規(guī)定合理的安裝和使用-清單,標(biāo)簽或是證明上明確確定的意圖。 Mechanical strength and durability. 機(jī)械強(qiáng)度和耐久力。 Electrical insulation. 電的絕緣。 Heating effects under conditions of use. 使用中的熱效應(yīng)。 Arcing effects. 弧光效應(yīng)。 Classification by type, size, voltage, current capacity, specific use. 類型,尺寸,電

3、壓,電流,使用特性的分類。 Other factors which contribute to the practical safeguarding of employees using or likely to come in contact with the equipment. 其他的一些與員工實(shí)際使用有關(guān)的安全因素,或是有可能與設(shè)備有關(guān)的安全因素。,The employer shall ensure that electrical equipment is free from recognized hazards that are likely to cause death or se

4、rious physical harm to employees. 雇主必須保證電氣設(shè)備沒(méi)有公認(rèn)的危險(xiǎn),這些危險(xiǎn)可能導(dǎo)致員工死亡或是嚴(yán)重的傷害。,Slide 5,Listed, labeled, or certified equipment shall be installed and used in accordance with instructions included in the listing, labeling, or certification. 必須按照清單,標(biāo)簽或是證明上的說(shuō)明對(duì)經(jīng)過(guò)核實(shí),驗(yàn)證過(guò)的設(shè)備進(jìn)行安裝,Installation and use安裝和使用,Slide

5、6,Cargill Confidential,Electrical equipment shall not be used unless the manufacturers name, trademark, or other descriptive marking by which the organization responsible for the product may be identified is placed on the equipment and unless other markings are provided giving voltage, current, watt

6、age, or other ratings as necessary. The marking shall be of sufficient durability to withstand the environment involved.只能使用印有確切的生產(chǎn)廠家,商標(biāo)或其它被權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)可的標(biāo)志的電氣設(shè)備,不僅如此,它還必須具有標(biāo)明額定電壓,電流,功率或是其它必須的參數(shù)的標(biāo)牌.該標(biāo)牌必須用有足夠的抗周?chē)鷲毫迎h(huán)境的材料或工藝制作.,SQUARE D,Heavy Duty Safety Switch 30 AMP 600 V.AC 20 H.P. MAX. RATING 3 PH,DANGER

7、HAZARD OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK OR BURN. SEE INSTRUCTIONS INSIDE DOOR B-40274-855-01,Marking 銘牌,Slide 7,Cargill Confidential,History事件,Slide 8,Cargill Confidential,一個(gè)事故的過(guò)程,1996年2月的一天,一個(gè)年輕人陷入了極大的危險(xiǎn)之中.這個(gè)故事需要45分鐘來(lái)講解.下面的圖片將會(huì)向您近距離講述這個(gè)事件. 他在臨近的低壓線路上行走,并且手也吊在低壓線路上.此時(shí),電力公司已經(jīng)在用該線路輸送電力. 接著他爬上了16600伏的高壓線,Slide 9,Ca

8、rgill Confidential,Note that the young man is about to reach up into the high voltage line area in an attempt to get even higher, presumably to escape from the man in the basket below.注意那個(gè)年輕人正在試圖爬的更高以達(dá)到高壓線區(qū)域,大概想要逃脫在他下面升高臂里的工作人員.,Pending Catastrophe!一個(gè)事故過(guò)程,Slide 10,Cargill Confidential,Although 16,60

9、0 are shooting through his body he was not immediately thrown from the pole. The air around him was ionized and became a conductor. The flash just above the streetlight is where the voltage went to ground. Notice how the wiring he has touched is whipping violently. 雖然16600的電壓打到他的身上,他卻沒(méi)有被立即拋離電桿.他周?chē)目?/p>

10、氣離子化成導(dǎo)體.街燈上的閃光是電壓沖往地面.注意他接觸的配線是如何猛烈的鞭打的.,Contact!接觸,Slide 11,Cargill Confidential,At this point the victim has fallen and the fireball is subsiding 這時(shí),受傷者掉了下來(lái),火球熄滅了.,Aftermath!后果,Slide 12,Cargill Confidential,Post Incident Report事故報(bào)告,大手筆環(huán)境,這么大的電擊將導(dǎo)致大部分人死亡,然而,不可思議的是這個(gè)家伙在如此高的電壓打擊并從高處摔下的情況下,活了下來(lái),直到今天他還

11、活著. 為什么?,Slide 13,Cargill Confidential,The Sequence of Events!事情的先后,Slide 14,Cargill Confidential,THIS JUST PROVES THE THEORY: 這只證明了這個(gè)理論 IF YOU”RE GONNA BE DUMB 如果你想變的不能說(shuō)話（死） YOU BETTER BE TOUGH! 你就粗暴點(diǎn)（胡亂做）,LESSON:教訓(xùn),Slide 15,Cargill Confidential,ELECTRICAL有關(guān)電的,Major Points關(guān)鍵點(diǎn) GFCIs 2.即使能把插頭插在插座內(nèi),有接

12、地嗎? 以上是舊設(shè)備的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題,Slide 23,Cargill Confidential,Electrical Safety電氣安全,Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter or Residual Current Device 斷路器或者漏電保護(hù)開(kāi)關(guān) Monitors the difference in current flowing into the hot and out to the grounded neutral conductor Provides protection against ground fault hazards 對(duì)接地故障危害提供保護(hù) “

13、Trips” at 5 ma! (Maximum 30 ma Europe Designate one or more competent persons指定一位或多位專業(yè)人員; Visually inspected before each days use每天使用前有外觀的檢查; Perform tests on all cord sets for:對(duì)所有有下述情況的電器進(jìn)行檢查 Electrical continuity through all conductors全部連續(xù)導(dǎo)電的設(shè)備(外殼也有電); Correct attachment of the equipment grounding

14、 conductor 電氣設(shè)備進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)慕拥靥幚?Slide 32,Cargill Confidential,Grounding Path 接地的線呢?,The path to ground from circuits, equipment, and enclosures shall be permanent and continuous.電路,設(shè)備以及工作場(chǎng)所的接地應(yīng)永久和持續(xù)的。,Slide 33,Cargill Confidential,Protect Electrical Cords保護(hù)電纜線,Extension cords take a lot of abuse.很多延長(zhǎng)的電線存在濫

15、用的情況 Protect your cords and consider getting heavy duty cords more suited to the working environment. 保護(hù)電線并且根據(jù)工作的環(huán)境選擇合適的電線,Slide 34,Cargill Confidential,Electrical Safety電的安全,This electrical cord has no ground prong.這個(gè)電線插頭沒(méi)有接地 In case of an over current situation, where will the electricity go? Will

16、 the GFCI (RCD) trip? 如果電流超過(guò)的話,電流將往哪走?,Slide 35,Cargill Confidential,Choice of Protection Methods保護(hù)方法的選擇,The employer shall use either ground fault circuit interrupters or an assured equipment grounding conductor program to protect employees on construction sites. 雇主應(yīng)使用斷路器或確定的接地設(shè)備來(lái)保護(hù)建筑現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的雇員 These re

17、quirements are in addition to any other requirements for equipment grounding conductors. 這些是在滿足所有設(shè)備可靠地接地的基礎(chǔ)上的:,Slide 36,Cargill Confidential,Cord Tester電纜測(cè)試,The employer shall establish and implement an assured equipment grounding conductor program on construction sites covering all cord sets, recep

18、tacles which are not a part of the building or structure, and equipment connected by cord and plug which are available for use or used by employees. 雇主應(yīng)該為施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的(那些不是大樓或建筑物)內(nèi)的插座電線設(shè)備等建立一套可靠的接地系統(tǒng)以供雇員使用。,Slide 37,Cargill Confidential,Assured equipment grounding conductor program shall comply with the fol

19、lowing minimum requirements:可靠接地的程序應(yīng)遵循以下要求(1):,All required tests shall be performed:以下情況必須首先完成測(cè)試后才能使用: Before first use;第一次使用前; Before equipment is returned to service following any repairs;設(shè)備維修后 Before equipment and after any incident發(fā)生過(guò)事故的設(shè)備; At intervals not to exceed 3 months - 6 months 使用間隔達(dá)3-

20、6個(gè)月的設(shè)備; Shall not use equipment which has not met all safety requirements沒(méi)有達(dá)到安全要求的電氣設(shè)備是不能使用的;,Slide 38,Cargill Confidential,Assured equipment grounding conductor program shall comply with the following minimum requirements:可靠接地的程序應(yīng)遵循以下要求(2):,Tests performed as required shall be recorded. Identify ea

21、ch receptacle, cord set, and cord- and plug-connected equipment that passed the test. Indicate the last date it was tested or the interval for which it was tested. Record shall be kept by means of logs, color coding, or other effective means Maintained until replaced by a more current record. Record

22、 shall be made available on the jobsite for inspection by the employer and any affected employee.,應(yīng)該做以下記錄: 確保每個(gè)插座,接線頭,電纜或插接件的設(shè)備均通過(guò)測(cè)試; 寫(xiě)明最終完成測(cè)試的時(shí)間或進(jìn)行測(cè)試的時(shí)間段; 記錄通過(guò)日志或顏色標(biāo)記或其它有效的記錄方式記錄. 不間斷的記錄; 記錄應(yīng)有效的保管在工作地點(diǎn)以便老板或任何與之相關(guān)的員工進(jìn)行檢查.,Slide 39,Cargill Confidential,Cords Protected From Damage讓電線遠(yuǎn)離損壞,Flexible cord

23、s and cables shall be protected from damage. Sharp corners and projections shall be avoided. Flexible cords and cables may pass through doorways or other pinch points, if protection is provided to avoid damage. 軟線和電纜都要進(jìn)行保護(hù)而免受損壞.1.不要和有銳角的物體接觸; 2.如果可以保證軟線和電纜不受損傷則可以讓其從門(mén),窗,鉸鏈處通過(guò).,Slide 40,Cargill Confid

24、ential,Cabinets, Boxes, and Fittings.接線盒,配電箱和適配器,Conductors entering boxes, cabinets, or fittings shall be protected from abrasion, and openings through which conductors enter shall be effectively closed. Unused openings in cabinets, boxes, and fittings shall also be effectively closed. 導(dǎo)線/連接件進(jìn)入接線盒,

25、配電箱和適配器時(shí),應(yīng)有效封閉.不使用時(shí)也同樣。,Slide 41,Cargill Confidential,Identification of Disconnecting Means認(rèn)識(shí)電源切斷工具,Identification of disconnecting means and circuits確定斷開(kāi)的方式和線路 Each service, feeder, and branch circuit, at its disconnecting means or overcurrent device, shall be legibly marked to indicate its purpose

26、, unless located and arranged so the purpose is evident. These markings shall be of sufficient durability to withstand the environment involved . 每個(gè)設(shè)備或分支電流都有電源斷開(kāi)器或著是過(guò)載保護(hù)裝置,這些裝置都應(yīng)標(biāo)明各種指示,而且這些銘牌應(yīng)具有較強(qiáng)的抗環(huán)境腐蝕的能力.,Slide 42,Cargill Confidential,OBVIOUS MEANS OF DISCONNECT 明顯的切斷方式,Slide 43,Cargill Confidenti

27、al,Breaker Panels斷路器面板,Slide 44,Cargill Confidential,General Requirements一般要求,Arcing parts - “parts of electric equipment which in ordinary operation produce arcs, sparks, flames, or molten metal shall be enclosed or separated and isolated from all combustible material” 預(yù)防電弧光有些電器設(shè)備容易產(chǎn)生弧光,火花,火苗,熔化的金屬

28、,這些都應(yīng)該和可燃物隔離.,Slide 45,Cargill Confidential,Guarding of Live Parts有電部件的保護(hù),Except as required or permitted elsewhere, live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more shall be guarded against accidental contact by cabinets or other forms of enclosures, or by any of the following means:

29、Location on Balcony Location in Room 8 ft. above floor 除非有特殊的要求或許可以外,電壓應(yīng)在50V以上情況下的配電箱或其它結(jié)構(gòu)形成閉環(huán)都應(yīng)帶進(jìn)行處理防止意外的連接 。以下情況: 1)在陽(yáng)臺(tái)上工作; 2)在房間內(nèi)工作; 3)在高于地面8英尺的地方工作.,Slide 46,Cargill Confidential,Arc Blasts電弧燒傷,Slide 47,Cargill Confidential,Switch Being Opened電閘被打開(kāi),Slide 48,Cargill Confidential,Transformer Fire變壓器起火,Slide 49,Cargill Confidential,Energized Parts On One Side Only,What other hazards exist in this room?這個(gè)房間有其他危害嗎?,Slide 50,Cargill Confidential,Blocked Electrical Panel 控制面板被擋住了,Slide 51,Cargill Confidential,General Requirements一般要求,Slide 52,Cargill Confidential,Time To Add Another B