病毒性腸胃炎.ppt

1、Health Promoting School: Hints for Prevention健康促進學校防患未然小錦囊,Professor Albert Lee Director of Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion Professor (Head of Family Medicine) Department of Community and Family Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Honorary Consultant of Family Medicine 李大拔教

2、授 香港中文大學醫(yī)學院健康教育及促進健康中心主任 香港中文大學醫(yī)學院社區(qū)及家庭醫(yī)學系教授 (家庭醫(yī)學主管) 家庭醫(yī)學榮譽顧問,課程改革有哪七個學習宗旨？,其中包括 健康生活方式 責任感 資料來源： 課程發(fā)展處教育統(tǒng)籌局,Why is it Important to Promote Health at Schools?為何在校推廣健康是如此的重要?,Health Status Learning Outcomes 健康狀況 學習成效 Both health and education are linked to the economic performance and social cohesio

3、n of modern industrialized society 在現(xiàn)代化的城市裏，健康及教育均與經(jīng)濟成就和社會團結有莫大關係,Substantial evidence indicates that health is a major factor affecting the learning capacity of a person 不少証據(jù)顯示，健康是影響人們學習能力的主要因素(WHO, 1997; Ziglio, 1997; Lavin et al., 1992; World Bank, 1993; WHO, 1995),In line with Curriculum Reform配

4、合課程改革,Enable students to develop healthy living model 確立學生的健康生活模式 Promote self esteem 提升自信 Cultivate correct values and concepts of life 培養(yǎng)正確的價值觀,In line with Health Care reform配合醫(yī)護改革,Strengthen the implementation of preventive medicine 加強預防醫(yī)學的實踐與推行 Empower the concept and skills of self help and se

5、lf care. 增加自我照護的概念及技巧,There has not been any new case of SARS reported in Hong Kong since June 2003 but we have to prepare on the assumption that this will return. 自從2003年6月，本港雖再沒有SARS新癥，然而我們須嚴陣以待，假設它會回來。,Timely issue: will SARS come back?最新話題SARS會回來嗎？,Related websites 相關網(wǎng)站,Checklist of measures to

6、combat SARS .hk/gia/general/200309/22checklist-e.pdf .hk/info/sars/e_profession.htm /csr/sars/en/index.html,構成傳染病的 三種 要素 傳染原(Infections Agent) 傳染途徑(Mode of spread) 易受病者 (Susceptible host ) 切斷 這三種要素之間任何二者的關係，便能控制傳染病的傳播,Infectious prevention and control in school學校傳染

7、病預防及控制的方法,Norwalk-like Viruses,In developed countries, acute diarrheal illness remains an important cause of morbidity among both children and adults,在已發(fā)展的國家，由急性肚瀉帶來的身體不適是引致兒童和成人發(fā)病的主要因素,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,Two distinct groups of viruses the rotaviruses and the enteric caliciviruses, such as

8、 Norwalk virus as well as a variety of bacterial pathogens have emerged as important etiologic agents of gastroenteritis 包括兩類明顯的病毒 1) 輪狀病毒和 2) Enteric caliciviruses,例如：諾沃克病毒 和不同種類的細菌病原體皆顯露出是腸胃炎的主要致病原,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,Rotavirus infection occurs worldwide By the age of 3 years, virtually e

9、very individual has been infected by rotaviruses at least once 輪狀病毒感染可以是全球性發(fā)生 由三歲開始,事實上每個人皆有致少感染過一次輪狀病毒的可能性,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,In areas with a temperate climate, rotavirus infection is seasonal, occurring in the cooler winter months 於溫帶地區(qū)，輪狀病毒感染是季節(jié)性發(fā)生，和多出現(xiàn)於較寒冷的冬季,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸

10、胃炎,The majority of rotavirus infections are subclinical or cause mild gastrointestinal illness that do not require hospitalization The onset of illness is usually abrupt 大多數(shù)的輪狀病毒感染都沒有臨床癥狀，或會引致溫和的腸胃炎不適，而不需要住院治療 通常是突發(fā)性病發(fā),Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,More than 80 percent of affected children develop vo

11、miting followed by diarrhea About one-third of hospitalized children have a temperature of greater than 39C (102.2F) 多過八成的受感染兒童會出現(xiàn)嘔吐過後接著是肚瀉的癥狀 大概有三分之一的住院兒童會出現(xiàn)發(fā)燒大過39C (102.2F)的情況,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,Gastrointestinal symptoms usually last between 2 and 6 days Immunity is not complete 腸胃炎癥狀一般維

12、持 2至6日 暫時未有疫苗注射,Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性腸胃炎,Norwalk infection occurs year-round and is common More than 70 percent of adults in both developed and less developed countries have antibodies to this virus 諾沃克病毒感染是普遍和每年皆發(fā)生 於已發(fā)展和將近發(fā)展的國家中，多過七成的成人對此病毒已有抗體,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Antibody acquisition o

13、ccurs at a younger age among children in less developed countries than among those in developed areas 於將近發(fā)展國家的年幼兒童比起已發(fā)展國家的年幼兒童較容易產(chǎn)生抗體,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Norwalk virus is spread by the fecal-oral route In developed countries, the virus is responsible for one-third of all epidemics of nonbact

14、erial gastroenteritis 諾沃克病毒的傳播媒介是經(jīng)口或糞便 在已發(fā)展國家中，此病毒佔有全部非細菌性腸胃炎爆發(fā)的三分之一,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,The virus is a common cause of waterborne epidemics of gastroenteritis and has been shown to be the etiologic agent in nursing home, cruise ship, and institutional (summer camp and school) outbreaks 此病毒正

15、是導致經(jīng)由飲水而感染腸胃炎的主要原因 而且，當腸胃炎發(fā)生在家居護理、遊輪及公共團體時(如夏令營和學校) ，皆顯示出此病毒便是致病原,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Norwalk illness has an incubation period of between 18 and 72 h. Disease is characterized by the abrupt onset of nausea and abdominal cramps followed by vomiting and/or diarrhea 諾沃克病毒疾病的潛伏期為 18至72小時 其發(fā)病的特色主

16、要是突發(fā)性的作嘔、腹痛、接著是嘔吐和/或肚瀉,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Vomiting is reported more frequently for children than for adults Low-grade fever above 37.5C (99.5F) develops in about half of affected individuals 報告指出，兒童出現(xiàn)嘔吐的情況比成人多 低溫發(fā)燒 大概37.5C (99.5F)出現(xiàn)於過半數(shù)的受感染者,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Headache, myalgias, a

17、nd abdominal pain are common The illness is usually mild and self-limited, lasting 24 to 48 h. 一般癥狀包括：頭痛、肌痛和腹痛 此疾病通常是溫和和自限的，維持24至48小時,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Most people do not develop long-term resistance 多數(shù)人沒有產(chǎn)生長期抗性,Norwalk-like viruses 諾沃克類病毒,Reference 相關資訊,衛(wèi)生署熱線2961 8966 教統(tǒng)局預防傳染病在學校擴散http:/w

18、.hk/circular/data/embcm/EMBCM03310C.pdf 衛(wèi)生署：預防病毒性腸胃炎.hk/mailattach/SchoolGE_C.pdf 衛(wèi)生署：學校預防傳染病指引.hk/dh/diseases/guide-c.htm,衛(wèi)生署：病毒性腸胃炎討論會簡報.hk/EDNEWHP/resource/viral_gastroenteritis/Chinese/download/vgs.ppt 衛(wèi)生署：諾沃克類病毒感染.h

19、k/dh/diseases/CD/Norwalkc.htm 衛(wèi)生署：預防傳染病資訊集.hk/dh/diseases/CD/CD_indexc.html 食環(huán)署：諾沃克類病毒知多少？.hk/safefood/library/norwalk/norwalkc.html,Reference 相關資訊,Health Promotion (by WHO) 世界衛(wèi)生組織將健康促進定義為 The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health 增強人們掌控及改善自己健康的能力 To ensure sustained positive changes 確保能持續(xù)地作出正面的改善 To address the interwined s