人教版八年級英語上冊單詞短語句型和語法總結(jié)

1、unit1 where did you go on vacation?【重點語法】不定代詞：不指名代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。用法注意：1. some 和any +可數(shù)名/不可數(shù)名。some 多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句 。有些問句中用some,不用any, 問話者希望得到對方肯定回答。2. 由some, any, no, every 與 body, one, thing構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞作主語時，其謂語動詞用三單。3. 不定代詞若有定語修飾，該定語要置于其后：如：something interesting【重點短語】1. buy sth for ab./

2、 buy sb. sth 為某人買某物2. taste + adj. 嘗起來3. nothing.but + v.(原形) 除了之外什么都沒有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起來5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到達某地6. decide to do sth. 決定做某事7. try doing sth. 嘗試做某事 / try to do sth. 盡力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 開始做某事=begin doing s

3、th.11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事區(qū)分： stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事12. dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事14. so + adj + that + 從句 如此以至于16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人（不要） 做某事17. keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘記做過某事【詞語辨析】1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照quite a few+名詞復數(shù) “許多”2. seem

4、 + 形容詞 看起來. you seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事 i seem to have a coldit seems + 從句 似乎. it seems that no one believe you.seem like . 好像，似乎. it seems like a good idea.3. arrive in +大地點= get to= reach+地點名 “到達.”arrive at +小地點 （注：若后跟地點副詞here/there/home, 介詞需省略，如： arrive here; get home）4. feel

5、like sth感覺像feel doing sth. 想要做某事5. wonder（想知道）+疑問詞（who, what, why)引導的從句。6. because of +名/代/v-ingbecause+從句he cant take a walk because of the rain.i dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.7. enough +名詞 足夠的.形容詞/副詞+enoughunit2 how often do you exercise?【重點語法】1. 頻率副詞:always, usually, often, som

6、etimes, never頻率副詞在句中通常放在實義動詞之前, be動詞或助動詞之后。常用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)中。2.“次數(shù)”的表達方法一次once，兩次twice，三次或三次以上：基數(shù)詞+times, 如：threetimes, fivetimes,3. how often“多久一次”問頻率，回答常含有頻率詞組或短語。常見的how疑問詞：1）how soon 多久（以后）how soon will he be back?他多久能回來？he will be back in a month.他一個月后能回來。2）how long “多久”how long did it take you to clea

7、n the house? 你打掃房子用了多久？it took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打掃這房子用了半小時。3）how many+名復how much+不可名“多少” 問數(shù)量（how much 還可問價格）【重點短語】1. go to the movies 去看電影2. look after = take care of 照顧3. surf the internet 上網(wǎng)4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skate boarding 去劃板6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康7.

8、eating habits 飲食習慣8. take more exercise 做更多的運動9. the same as 與什么相同10. be different from 不同11. once a month一月一次12. twice a week一周兩次13.make a difference to 對.有影響/作用14. most of the students=most students15. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 購物16. be good for 對.有益17. be bad for 對.有害18. come home from sc

9、hool放學回家19. of course = certainly = sure 當然20. get good grades 取得好成績21.keep/be in good health 保持健康22. take a vacation 去度假【詞語辨析】1. maybe / may bemaybe 是副詞，意為“大概，可能，或許”，一般用于句首。may be是情態(tài)動詞，意為“可能是.，也許是.，大概是.”.the baby is crying.maybeshe is hungry.the womanmay bea teacher.2. a few / few / a little / litt

10、lea few (少數(shù)的，幾個，一些)a little (一點兒，少量)表示肯定few (很少的，幾乎沒有的)little (很少的，幾乎沒有的)表示否定修飾可數(shù)名詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞people can live to 100, but fewpeople can live to 150.there islittletime left. i wont catch the first bus.could you give mea littlemilk?3. hard / hardlyhard作形容詞，意為“困難的，艱苦的，硬的”；作副詞，意為“努力地，猛烈地”。hardly為副詞，意為“幾乎不”。

11、the ground is toohardto dig.i canhardlyunderstand them.its raining hard. the people canhardlygo outside.4. as for homework , most students do homework every day . as for.意思是“至于；關(guān)于”，+名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing形式（即動名詞）。如：as for him，i never want to see him here.至于他，我永遠不希望在這里見到。as for the story，youd better not belie

12、ve it.關(guān)于那故事，你最好不要相信。5. that sounds interesting.這是“主語+系動詞+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。sound（聽起來），look（看起來），smell（聞起來），taste（嘗起來），feel（覺得），seem（好象），grow（變得）,get（變得）等詞在英語中可用作系動詞，后跟形容詞作表語。如：it tastes good. 這味道好。the music sounds very sweet. 這音樂聽起來很入耳。the smoke grew heavier and heavier. 煙霧變得越來越濃了。6. percent 名詞，意為“百分之”百分數(shù)的表

13、示方法：基數(shù)+ percent (不用復數(shù)形式)，percent做主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)其后面的名詞來確定。50：fifty percent百分之五十fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的蘋果都壞了。twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge.20%的肉都在冰箱7. not at all 意為“一點也不”，not應放在be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞之后。the story isnt interesting at all. 那個故事一點也沒有趣。8.it is + adj. to do sth. 做某事是的。

14、it is interesting to play computer games. 玩電腦很有趣。9.take, spend, payit takes sb. some time to do sth. 意為“花費某人時間來做某事”。人(sb.) spend 時間/錢 on sth. “買某物花了錢”。人(sb.) spend 時間/錢(in) doing“花費多少時間來做某事”。pay 的主語必須是人，而“花錢買某物”為pay.for.10. however 副詞，意為“然而，可是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，可放在句首、句中、句末。unit3 im more outgoing than my siste

15、r.【重點語法】1. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級（1）形容詞和副詞的原形就是原級（2）比較級，表示較或更（3）最高級， 表示最.。2. 比較級句型:（1）a + be動詞+形容詞的比較級+than +b“a比b更”（注意：a與b必須是同級的，即必須是人與人，物與物進行對比）（2）“a+實意動詞+副詞比較級+ than + b”表示“a比b”（3）比較a ，b兩人/兩事物問其中哪一個較.時用句型：“who/which +謂語動詞+ adj./adv.比較級，a or b ?”who is thinner, jenny or mary?3. 比較級的特殊用法（1）“比較級+and+比較級”，意為“越來

16、越”。多音節(jié)比較級用“more and more+原級”（2）“the+比較級(), the+比較級()”意思是：”越越”the more, the better.（3）主+ is + the 形容詞比較級+of the two+名復 “主語是兩者中較.的”4. 兩者在某一方面相同： a+謂語動詞/be動詞+as+ adj./adv.原級+ as+ b.helen is as tall as amy.peter studies as hard as tom.表示兩者在某一方面不及另一方時，用“not as/so+形容詞或副詞原級+as”i am not as tall as my sister

17、.5. 形容詞，副詞比較級前的修飾語。當需要表示一方超過另一方的程度時，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等來修飾形容詞比較級。注意: 比較級不能用very, so, too, quite等修飾?！局攸c短語】1. more outgoing 更外向/更開朗2. as.as.與 一樣3. the singing competition 歌詠比賽4. the most important 最重要的5. be talented in music 在音樂方面有天賦6. the same as 與相同7. care about 關(guān)心/留意/關(guān)注8. be differen

18、t from 與.不同9. be like a mirror 像一面鏡子10. as long as 只要；與.一樣長11. bring out 顯示/顯出12. get better grades 取得更好的成績13. reach for 伸手達到/達到14. touch ones heart 感動15. in fact 事實上16. make friends 交朋友17. be good at 在某方面成績好18. the other 另一個19. be similar to 與相似20. be good with 與和睦相處21. have fun=have a good time 玩得

19、開心 have fun doing sth 做某事很開心22. do the samethings asme. 做和我一樣的事情23. its+adj+（for sb.）to do sth. “做某事（對某人來說）是.的”24 make friends with sb. 與某人交朋友25. as long as 只要；既然，引導條件狀語從句【詞語辨析】1. be good at=do well in ，其后可接名詞、代詞或動名詞，表示擅長.2. care about 關(guān)心care for 關(guān)愛take care (當/小心) take care of(照顧)=look after3. make

20、 sb. do sth. ：讓(使)某人做某事（make后跟不帶to的不定式）his father always make me get up before five oclock.make sb. +形容詞：使某人保持某種狀態(tài)my friends always make me happy.4. be like“就像”i am like your sister.look like “外貌上的像 ” i look like my sister.5. thats why+句子：那就是的原因/那就是為什么thats why i study english hard. 那就是我努力學習英語的原因。6.

21、 be different from 與不同反：be the same as 與 相同7. though adv. 不過；可是；然而（句末補充說明使語氣減弱）conj.雖然；盡管=although，與but 不能同時用在一個句子中he said he would come. he didnt, though. 他說他要來，可是并沒有來。though/although he has been dead for many years, many people still remember him.盡管他已經(jīng)去世很多年了，但很多人仍然記得他。8. get better grades 取得更好的成績9

22、. does(助動詞do/did)，為了避免重復，可代替上文出現(xiàn)過的實意動詞。10. be good with sb. 與某人相處得好unit4 whats the best movie theater?【重點語法】1. 形容詞最高級：用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比較。標志詞：表比較范圍時用in/of形容詞最高級前須加定冠詞the，副詞最高級前可省略the。2. 表示“三者（或以上）中最的”的句型1）a + be + the 形容詞最高級+ 表示范圍（in/of介詞短語）2）a + 實意動詞+ (the) 副詞最高級+ 表示范圍的of/in介詞短語3. 常用句式1) who/ which+

23、最高級, a, b or c ?2) one of +the +形容詞最高級+名詞復數(shù)形式, 意為“最之一”。3）序數(shù)詞后跟形容詞最高級【重點短語】1. so far 到目前為止，迄今為止2. no problem 沒什么，別客氣3. have.in common有相同特征（想法、興趣等方面）相同4. be up to 由.決定/是.的職責5. all kinds of 各種各樣的6. play a role in doing sth./ sth. 發(fā)揮作用，有影響7. make up 編造（故事、謊言等）8. for example=e.g. 例如9. take .seriously 認真對

24、待10. not everybody 并不是每個人11. close to 離.近12. more and more 越來越【詞語辨析】1. how do you like +名/代/v-ing=what do you think of：“ 你認為怎么樣？”2. thanks for=thank you for +名/代/v-ing:“感謝”3. youre welcome. =not at all.不客氣4. talent 名（可）天賦 talent show 才藝表演talented adj. 有天賦的be talented in 在.方面有天賦5. be good at 擅長 (do w

25、ell in) 反義短語：be poor / weak in 在.方面薄弱be good for 對有益，后跟人或事物；其反義短語是be bad forbe good to 對好(和善；慈愛)，相當于be friendly to，后面通常接人6. all kinds of 各種各樣的different kinds of 不同種類的a kind of 一種.* kind of 有點+ adj.：kind of boring / fat /thin7. win vt. 贏得+獎品 winner n. 贏者8. watch sb. do sth. 觀看某人做了某事watch doing sth. 觀

26、看某人正在做某事9. 舉例：such as 常列舉幾個例子，不能窮盡，可和and so on(等等)連用；like可和such as互換；for example 一般只列舉一個，作插入語用逗號隔開，可置于句首/句中/句末。unit5 do you want to watch a game show?【重點語法】1. 詢問某人對某物的觀點及看法：what do you think of ?=how do you like?2. 描述喜好i love/ like/ dont mind/dislike/cant stand3. 復習鞏固一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)：主語+v+其他； 主語（三單）+v(三單)+其他)

27、【重點短語】1. find out 查出/發(fā)現(xiàn)2. be ready to do 準備做3. dress up 打扮/化妝成4. take ones place 代替某人5. do a good job 干的好/表演的出色6. think of 想到/思考7. game show 游戲節(jié)目8. learn from 向.學習9. talk show 訪談節(jié)目10. soap opera 肥皂劇11. go on 繼續(xù)12. watch a movie 看電影13. one of 其中之一14. try ones best to =do ones best to 竭盡全力15. a pair o

28、f 一雙16. as famous as 一樣聞名/出名17. look like 看起來像18. around the world 世界各地19. have a discussion about 討論.20. one day 有一天/某一天21. such as 例如22. a symbol of 一個象征/標志23. something enjoyable 快樂的事情24. interesting information 有趣的信息【詞語辨析】1. want + n 想要want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to do sth 想讓某人做某事2. mind 介意，其后+名

29、詞/代詞/v-ing3. stand 1)“站, 站立” e.g. stand up! 起立2) “忍受” (多用于否定句、疑問句) , 后可+名/代/v-ing4. plan vt. & vi.計劃, 打算，plan to do sth.plan 還可作名詞，如：make plans 制定計劃5. v. discuss (討論) + ion n. discussionhad a discussion about sth. 對某事進行討論6. happen v. 發(fā)生; 出現(xiàn)sth+ happens to sb.”或“sth happened + 時間/地點”句式7.情態(tài)動詞may 語氣弱于c

30、an，意為“可能”might 表推測，語氣最弱，意為“可能”may/might not 表示否定推測時語氣最弱，意為“可能不”they may not be very exciting. 它們可能不是那么令人興奮。8. expect to do sth. 期盼做某事 hope to do sth: 希望干某事很多動詞后面都可以跟動詞不定式作賓語，如：want, like, hope, wish, learn, start, begin, prefer, try, ask9.be famous as 作為而出名be famous for sth. 因為.而出名10. one of 后跟可數(shù)名詞復

31、數(shù)，表示之一。其后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。one of my favorite movies is mr. bean. 我最喜歡的電影之一是憨豆先生。11. show n. 節(jié)目 tv shows/ talent shows；v.展示 show sth. to sb.= show sb. sth.unit6 im going tostudy computer science.【重點詞語/短語用法解析】1. want to be/become + (職業(yè))名詞:“想要成為.”i want to be(be)a scientist when i grow up.2. write stories 寫故事

32、tell stories 講故事3. keep on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事（表動作的反復）keeping doing sth. 保持做某事（表動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)）4. be sure about +名/代/v-ing“肯定”are you sure about that?make sure (that)+從句“.確保.”make sure that both doors are closed when you go out.5. learnsth. we must learn english every day.learnto do sth. i am going to learnt

33、o play( play) the piano.6.discuss v.討論；商量 名詞是discussiondiscuss with sb. 與某人討論:discuss this question with your partner.lets discuss this problem. 讓我們討論一下這個問題。all we need now is action, not discussion. 我們現(xiàn)在需要的是行動，不是討論。7. be able to do sth. 能夠做某事（1）can : can+動詞原形，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時，不能用于將來時。be abl

34、e to + 動詞原形，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可用于多種時態(tài)。（2）can 常指客觀上能夠；be able to 更側(cè)重于經(jīng)過努力、克服一定困難有能力做成某事。he will be able to(能夠) speak english next year.（在此不能填can）8. promise n. 承諾；諾言v. 許諾；承諾；答應make a promise(to sb) （對某人）許下諾言keep a promise 遵守諾言break a promise 違背諾言promise (sb)to do sth. 許諾某人干某事promise (sb) +that 從句he promised to

35、 help me. 他許諾過要幫助我。i promised thati study hard from now on. 我承諾從現(xiàn)在起努力學習。9. have to do with 關(guān)于；與有關(guān)系the book has to do with computers. 那本書與計算機有關(guān)。10.take up sth./doing sth.（尤指為消遣）學著做；開始做i am going to take up cooking next year. 明年我將要學煮飯。11.sometimes the resolutions may betoodifficult tokeep.too+形容詞/副詞to

36、+動詞原形，表示“太.而不能.”如：the kid is too young to playthis game.這個小孩太小，不能玩這個游戲。12. ones own +名詞 “某人自己的東西”， 強調(diào)某物為個人所有my own book 我自己的書本【重點語法】一般將來時“am/is/are going to +動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)1. 基本形式否定式：am/is/are not going to +動詞原形一般疑問式：am/is/are+主語+going to +動詞原形+其他？特殊疑問式：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問式？he is going to spend his holidays in lond

37、on.他打算在倫敦度假。look at the dark clouds. there is going to be a storm.看那烏云，快要下雨了。is he going to collect any data for us?他會幫我們收集數(shù)據(jù)嗎？what are you going to do tomorrow?明天你打算作什么？2. 基本用法（1）表示事先經(jīng)過考慮、安排好打算、計劃要做某事。dad and i are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。（2）表示根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷，某事非常有可能發(fā)生，表示推測

38、。look! there come the dark clouds. it is going to rain.瞧！烏云密集。天要下雨了。unit7 will people have robots?【重點詞語/短語用法解析】1. many+可數(shù)名詞 許多.much +不可數(shù)名詞許多.2. live to be+基數(shù)詞 + years old“活到.歲”3. be in great danger 處在極大的危險中4. play a part in +名/代/v-ing. 參與某事/做某事everyone should play a part in saving the earth.5. help

39、(sb.) with sth. 幫助（某人）做某事he often helps me with my english. help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助（某人）做 he often helps mestudyenglish.help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等) help yourself to the fish. 請隨便吃魚6. the same as 和一樣. 反義短語： be different from 7. it takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了時間做某事(時態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況決定）it

40、takes me an hour to get to my office. spend timemoney on sth. 在上花費時間（金錢）sb. spend timemoney (in) doing sth. 花費時間（金錢）做某事。i spent two hours on this math problem. 這道數(shù)學題花了我個小時。they spent two years building this bridge. 造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。8. hundreds of+ 名詞復數(shù) 許多/大量.數(shù)詞+hundred + 名詞復數(shù) 幾百.類似的數(shù)詞還有thousand（千）, mill

41、ion（萬）there are four hundred students in our grade.there are hundreds of tourists in beijing every year.9. during 在期間during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend10. the meaning of .的意思can you tell me the meaning of the words?【重點語法】點擊左方藍字即可查看一般將來時全部知識內(nèi)容。unit8how do you make a bananamilk shake?【重點詞語/短語

42、用法解析】1. cut是“切, 割”的意思，過去式為cut。cut up 意為“切碎”cut up the bananas. = cut the bananas up. cut it /them up.2. turn on 打開, 接通(電流、煤氣、水等)turn off 關(guān)掉, 截斷(電流、煤氣、水等)turn up 開大, 調(diào)高(音量、熱量等)turn down 調(diào)低, 關(guān)小(音量、熱量等)3. one more thing 另外一件事情another ten minutes 再多十分鐘數(shù)字+ more + 物品指“另外的another + 數(shù)字+ 物品 指“另外的當數(shù)字為one時，常與m

43、ore連用或只用another。give me two more hamburgers？another two hamburgers4.forget to do sth. 忘記（去）做某事forget doing sth. 忘記已做過某事。5. its a time（for sb）. to do sth. 該是（某人）做某事的時期了its time（for sb.）to do sth.=its time for sth. 該是（某人）做某事的時間了。its a time for you to study english.its time for us to go to school.(its

44、time for school.)6. give thanks for +名/代v-ing “感恩.”we should give thanks for our parents.he gave thanks for life and food.7. most americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by havinga big meal.by +sth./doing :1）以.方式 i study english by listeningto english songs.2）在.的旁邊 i am sitting by the

45、pool. 3）在.之前 i have to go to school by 8:00. 4）搭乘 i go to school by bus.8. here is +名單(賓語) “這是”是倒裝句here is a photo of my family.here are+名復 here are some english books.當賓語是代詞時，要用順裝。如：here you are.(對) here are you.(錯)9. fill sth. with sth. 用.把.裝滿(強調(diào)動作)be full of“裝滿”(強調(diào)狀態(tài))i filledthe cup withthe milk.

46、the cupis full ofthe milk.10. putin(into) 把.放到. 里11. coverwith 用.覆蓋12. cut into 把.切成. cut the apple into four pieces.cut up 切碎13. serve v. 服務(wù) n. serviceserve +名/代 “提供”the shop serves nice food.serve sb. sth.= serve sth. to sb. serve it to your friends with some vegetables.serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某

47、人”serve the guests with some tea.【重點語法】點擊左方藍字即可查看名詞單復數(shù)的全部知識內(nèi)容。unit9 can you come to my party?【重點詞語/短語用法解析】1.oneanother 表示不確定數(shù)目中的另一個onethe other 表示兩者中的另一個idont like this one, can youshow me another?i have two brothers. one is a lawyer and the other is a manager.someothers 表示沒有范圍限定的“一些.另一些.”somethe ot

48、hers 表示某一范圍的“一些.其余的.”some go to school by bike and others go to school by bus.some go to school by bike and the others go to school by bus.2.invite v.邀請 n.invitationinvite sb. to do sth.“邀請某人干某事”invite sb. to+地點名詞1) mr. green invited me to visit his factory last week.2) thanks a lot for your invitat

49、ion3) thanks forinviting me to your party.3.（1）whats the date today? 意為“今天是幾月幾號？”its +月+日。（2）what day is it today? 意為“今天是星期幾？”its + 星期幾。whats the date? its september 10th.what day is it today?its wednesday.4. have a lesson(class) 上課have an english lesson5. prepare v.準備 n. preparationprepare sth. “準備

50、某物”，所準備的東西就是后面的賓語。prepare for sth. “為做準備”，指為后面的賓語做準備prepare to do sth. “準備做某事”6.bring.to“帶來”把某物從別的地方帶到說話人的地方taketo “帶去”把某物從說話的地方帶到別處去。（兩者方向相反）bring your homework here, and take the book away.把你的作業(yè)拿過來，把這本書帶走。7. without（介詞）沒有 反義詞：with“具有”we cant live without water.jane is a beautiful girl with long ha

51、ir.8. so that +從句：以便于；目的是i study hard so that i can get good grades.9. surprise n. 驚奇surprised adj. 感到驚奇的（指人）surprising adj. 令人驚奇的（指物）be surprised at sth.“驚奇于某事”to ones surprise “令某人驚奇的是” im surprised at the surprising news. 我對這個令人驚訝的消息感到很吃驚。 to my surprise, he left without leaving a word. 令我驚奇的是，他一

52、聲不響地離開了。10. look forward to (介詞)+名/代/v-ingi look forward to your reply. 我期待你的答復。i look forward to seeing you again.11. hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. 收到某人的來信。i heard from my friends yesterday.=i got a letter from my friend yesterday.12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式exercising is the best way to keep healthy.13. how to do that. “該怎么做” ，疑問詞+to do sth常用來做賓語i dont know how to make a banana milk shake.i dont know what to do.14. at the end of “在末尾” now, it i