2014年自學(xué)考試英語(二)資料(-unit-10)

1、Unit 10 Ode to Public Transport Ode to Public Transport補充重要單詞trans-words：transmit / transform / transplant / transport / transfer / transittransmit v. 傳送，傳染，傳播（熱，光，聲音等）a disease that can be transmitted to humansInsects can transmit disease.Irons transmit heat. 鐵能導(dǎo)熱。Water transmits sound better than

2、air. 水比空氣能更好的傳聲。transmission n. 傳送，傳染，傳播the transmission of diseases 疾病的傳播transform v. 使改變性質(zhì)，使改觀transform sth/sb (from sth) (into sth)She transformed the room by painting it.The climate has transformed the area from a desert into a swamp.(沼澤)Caterpillars can be transformed into butterflies. 毛毛蟲可以變?yōu)楹?/p>

3、蝶。transformation n. 改變，改觀His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marriage.transplant v./n 移植transplant sth from sb/sth to sb/sthtransplant a kidney （腎）from one twin to the othertransport v./n. 運輸，搬運transport wheat from a farm to a mill (磨坊)public transport 公共交通trans

4、portation n. 交通，運輸various means of transportation 各種交通方式注意：transport和transportation都可以表示運輸這個抽象概念。但是transportation更多的表示運輸，而transport同時能表示運輸器材。如：I need some transport to deliver the goods. 我需要某一運輸工具運送這批貨物transfer v/n. 將 由一處轉(zhuǎn)移到另一處，調(diào)動，轉(zhuǎn)車transfer sth/sb (from) (to)His employer transferred him to another

5、office.The head office has been transferred from London to Paris.Shes has been transferred to our Beijing branch.transfer ones affections （比喻）轉(zhuǎn)移愛心transfer to another bus 轉(zhuǎn)乘另外一輛公共汽車They will be offered transfers to other locations. 他們將得到去其他地方的調(diào)動令。It can be connected to a PC for the transfer of inform

6、ation. 它可以連接到個人電腦上進(jìn)行信息轉(zhuǎn)錄。transit v. 過渡，通過，橫越airplanes transiting the U.S. and Canadatransition n. 過渡，轉(zhuǎn)變，變遷a period of peaceful transitionthe transition from childhood to adulthoodI. New words and expressionsNew words1. proclaim v. 宣布；宣告；聲明2. sector n.（尤指一國經(jīng)濟的）部門，領(lǐng)域，行業(yè)3. necessity n. 必需的事物；必需品necessa

7、rynecessarily4. arrangement n. 安排；籌備5. territory n. 領(lǐng)土；版圖；領(lǐng)地6. upfront adv. 預(yù)付地；預(yù)交地7. sunburn n. 曬斑；曬傷8. groceries n. 食品雜貨9. radius n. 半徑（長度）10. expense n. 費用；價錢11. annually adv. 一年一次地12. household n. 一家人；家庭13. commute n. 上下班路程14. switch v. （使）改變，轉(zhuǎn)變15. transport n. 交通車輛；運輸工具；旅行方式16. carbon n. 碳17. m

8、ajority n. 大部分；大多數(shù)majorminorminority18. wean v. 使逐漸戒除惡習(xí)（或避免依賴）19. dependence n. （生存或成功必需的）依靠，依賴，依存dependdependent (on / upon)independent (of)dependentlyindependence Day20. approximately adv. 大概；大約；約莫21. petroleum n. 石油：原油22. exception n. 規(guī)則的例外；例外的事物23. electrical adj. 電的；用電的；發(fā)電的24. economic adj. 經(jīng)濟的

9、；經(jīng)濟上的；經(jīng)濟學(xué)的economicaleconomyeconomicseconomist（具體參考Unit 6，Text B）25. electricity n. 電；電能electricalelectrician聯(lián)想：-ian作為名詞后綴：musician, Italian, Asian, comedian, tragedian等。26. stable adj. 穩(wěn)定的；穩(wěn)固的；牢固的stabilityunstableinstability27. strengthen v. 加強；增強；鞏固復(fù)習(xí)重要單詞：（Unit 7, Text B曾經(jīng)講過）strong-strength-strengt

10、henlong-length-lengthenwide-width-widenbroad-breadth-broadendeep-depth-deepenhigh-height-heightenshort-shortness-shortenweak-weakness-weaken28. consequently adv. 因此；所以29. lessen v.（使）變小，變少，減弱，減輕30. resource n. 資源；財力31. ease n. 舒適；安逸；自在 v. 減輕；放松；緩和32. inhabitant n. （某地的）居民，棲息動物33. limited adj. 有限的（具體

11、參考Unit 1，Text B）limitlimitationlimitedunlimited / limitlessPhrases and Expressions1. bask in 曬太陽；取暖2. account for 數(shù)量上、比例上占3. be reliant upon 依賴；依靠4. be attributed to 把歸因于，認(rèn)為是由于II. Text LearningThe Importance of Public Transportation A US Congressman once proclaimed that, (1)There can be no doubt tha

12、t the transportation sector is the most critical sector of our economy. I know exactly what he means.（承上啟下句）In this day and age, access to transportation is considered a necessity. Public transportation is defined as a service that is available for use by the general public. It is a cheaper and envi

13、ronmentally friendly alternative. It is not a transportation service that you can arrange privately to suit your own personal convenience (although you may, to a certain extent, such as paying for a cabin or suite on a train or ship) since you have to consider other passengers who are riding and mak

14、ing similararrangements with you. (2)I have experienced first-hand how important public transportation is. I live in Saipan, a US territory and the closest things we have to public transportation are tourist and school buses. You have to have your own car or bike, rent a car, or pay upfront for a ta

15、xi to go from point A to point B. Otherwise you end up basked in sweat and sunburn traveling to work every day. When I first came here, I walked. I walked going to and from work. I walked to the store and lugged my heavy groceries back to the house. I walked to church and I barely got to go to place

16、s farther than a twenty-mileradius from my house since I did not own a car then, and (3)I considered renting a car and riding a taxi such an expense for a starting single mother like I was at that time.本部分重點及難點：1. There can be no doubt that the transportation sector is the most critical sector of ou

17、r economy.毫無疑問，交通是我們經(jīng)濟體系最至關(guān)重要的領(lǐng)域。2. I have experienced first-hand how important public transportation is. 我親身體驗過公共交通的重要性。3. I considered renting a car and riding a taxi such an expense for a starting single mother like I was at that time.(1) consider doing sth.consider(to be) such an expense(2) a st

18、arting single mother 剛剛起步的單親媽媽 For me, public transportation is very important because of the following reasons:1. It saves money.According to research done by the American Public Transportation Association（美國公交協(xié)會）, individuals can save up to $9,515 annually by parking their cars at home and using p

19、ublic transportation instead. In this economy, saving money has become a main concern in most households. With the rising prices of fuel and other vehicle-related expenses, doing the public commute to work and school certainly saves money.2. It helps the environment.When you switch from driving your

20、 car to taking public transport, you are reducing yourcarbon footprint（碳足跡；碳排放量）and making a great step forward in saving the environment. The environmental costs of individuals using their cars every day have done massive damage to the environment and if the majority or all individuals like you and

21、 me use public transport instead, think of what good we could do for the environment.3. It will wean us out of energy dependence. According to a paper made by Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Claude Comtois, transportationaccounts for approximately 25% of world energy demand and for more than 62% of a

22、ll the oil used each year. Ninety-five percent of transportation is almost completely reliant uponpetroleum products with the exception of railways using electrical power. (4)While the use of petroleum for other economic sectors, such as industrial and electricity generation, has remained relatively

23、 stable, the growth in oil demand is mainly attributed to the growth in transportation demand.When we strengthen our public transportation services, we are consequently lessening this oil demand and dependence. It will also motivate us to consider alternative energy and fuel resources.本部分重點及難點：4. Wh

24、ile the use of petroleum for other economic sectors, such as industrial and electricity generation, has remained relatively stable, the growth in oil demand is mainly attributed to the growth in transportation demand.(1) industryNo one doubted his ability, his industry or his integrity. 沒有人懷疑他的能力、勤奮

25、和正直。區(qū)分：industrious / industiral(2) attributeto 歸因于，歸功于American parents always attribute their childrens success to natural talent and hard work.注意區(qū)分：owetocontribute to4. It provides ease and convenience.Having public transportation definitely eases some of the burdens of people who do not have cars

26、or prefer not to own one. They are provided with choices to use public transport. (5)Public transportation also provides valuable services not just to local inhabitants in the area but to tourists as well. When a tourist visits a place, which does not have public transportation, their choices are li

27、mited and the experience they get is limited, too.請認(rèn)真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識點測評的成績！【單選題】21. We _ Moonlight Sonata（月光奏鳴曲）to Beethoven.A distributeB tributeC contributeD attribute【答案】D【解析】本題考查attribute / contributeto。attributeto相當(dāng)于oweto意為歸功于，歸因于，contributeto意為捐款，投稿。本句的意思是我們把月光奏鳴曲歸功于貝多芬?！局R點】attribute / contribut

28、eto All in all, public transportation improves our way of life, strengthens the community, provides new jobs for the public and gives us a cleaner environment.本部分重點及難點：5. Public transportation also provides valuable services not just to local inhabitants in the area but to tourists as well.not just

29、/ onlybut as well相當(dāng)于not onlybut alsoIII. 部分練習(xí)講解P305 Bridging the GapDirections: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.解題方法：把詞分類動詞形容詞代詞/限定詞compared to low anotherrequire personalrunning out of economicrefers topos

30、itivelimitedOften referred to as green transport, sustainable transportation is the way of the future. Transport powered by gas and petrol is running on a 1 limitedtime frame（時間范圍，期限）, as both these sources are unsustainable in the long run. In contrast, sustainable transportation offers an option t

31、o a world rapidly 2 running out ofrenewable（可再生的） fuel sources. It 3 refers toany kind of transport that has a low impact on the environment, such as walking, cycling, mass transit, green vehicles, and car pooling（集體用車，拼車）, amongst others.Any mode of transport is deemed sustainable if it has a 4 low

32、environmental impact and uses little or no fuel. Walking is the best example of sustainable transportation, as it does not5 requireany gas. However, walking can be impractical if you are travelling longer distances. Cycling is 6 another green transport option and is a far more practical option for l

33、onger commutes.Using public transportation, such as buses or trains, is also more sustainable 7 compared toprivate vehicles. The amount of fuel used to transport a bus full of people is more effective compared to a single person driving a 8 personal car. A sustainable transport system has a 9 positi

34、veimpact on the environment, and helps to promote social and 10economicsustainability（可持續(xù)性） in the communities it serves. Increased mobility usually results in better socio-economic conditions:I. New words and expressionsNew words1. advantage n. 有利條件；有利因素；優(yōu)勢disadvantage聯(lián)想：merit, demerit2. authentic

35、adj. 真實的；真正的3. assurance n. 保證；擔(dān)保assure4. intentionally adj. 有意地；故意地intendintentionintentionalunintentional非故意的，無意識的well / ill-intentioned5. harsh adj. 殘酷的；嚴(yán)酷的；嚴(yán)厲的6. respectfully adv. 恭敬地respectrespectablerespectfulrespective練習(xí)：We should show respect for our elders.Each walk of life is equally respe

36、ctable, no matter whether it is an engineer or a dustman.He is very respectful to his teachers.After school, they went back to their respective homes.7. able-bodied adj. 健康的；健壯的8. warmth n. 熱情；友情warm-th: warmth, length, growth, strength, width, breadth等9. guts n. 勇氣；膽量；決心；毅力10. particularly adv. 特別；

37、尤其11. ferry n. 渡船12. destination n. 目的地；終點13. maintenance n. 維護；保養(yǎng)maintain14. economical adj. 節(jié)儉的；節(jié)約的；簡潔的economic15. untoward adj. 異常的；意外的；棘手的；不幸的16. incident n. 發(fā)生的事情（尤指不尋常的或討厭的）17. transit n. 運輸；運送；搬運；載運18. aggravate v. 使嚴(yán)重；使惡化19. push n. 矢志的追求；堅定的努力20. sustain v. 使保持；使穩(wěn)定持續(xù)sustainablesustainabilit

38、yunsustainable無法維持的，無法支撐的21. accumulate v. 積累；積聚22. heed v. 留心；注意；聽從（勸告或警告）23. habitat n. （動植物的）生活環(huán)境，棲息地24. stand n. 停車處；站Phrases and Expressions1. pick up 讓人乘車；搭載2. by and large 大體上；總體上3. conduct oneself 舉止；表現(xiàn)4. in public 公開地；在別人（尤指生人）面前5. give up. to. 把交給（或讓與）6. save on 節(jié)?。还?jié)約7. keep tabs on 監(jiān)視；密切注

39、視8. God/Heaven/Lord forbid (that.) 但愿這事不發(fā)生II. Text LearningPersonal Advantages of Taking Public Transportation1 When I take public transport, I always end up seeing a balanced view of regular folks, which is different from how theyre usually depicted in the profit-driven media. I meet real, authenti

40、c people who may have the same concerns as mine. Whenever Im on a bus, or the train, or even at times in a taxi that I share with other passengers, whom the driver picks up along the way, I get assurances that most folks mean well to me, i.e., they dont mean to harm me intentionally, despite a few t

41、errible, harsh experiences Ive had with some bad people before.2 The meaningful experience of receiving respect from and giving respect to othersPeople generally behave as politely and respectfully as they can whenever they take public transportation. Thats how all of us were taught, by and large, b

42、y our parents, our elders and the generations before. We always need to conduct our best selves when in public. Its a great experience seeing able-bodied men giving up seats for the elderly, disabled, or pregnant women. I even see women give up seats to others. (1)I see people move a bit on their se

43、ats just to share space to those needing seats. I see people smiling and talking with each other. I feel more warmth among people when on a bus or the train. I see people behaving genuinely pleasant toward co-passengers, and I realize it takes a lot of guts to do this especially during these difficu

44、lt times.3 Save cash for other purposesI always get the opportunity to save money, and am actually gaining pennies these days. This is particularly true when you live in a city, like New York, where subways and buses are in place. Ive done the math: its far cheaper to take the subway and the bus, pl

45、us the ferry if you live in Staten Island like me, than to keep a car and drive yourself to your usual destination. (2)You save on the parking fees, the toll fees, the insurance cost, the repair and maintenance costs, and the perceived costs of aggravation from motorists on the road, the fuel, among

46、 other costs. On public transportation, you simply just pay the fare.本部分重點及難點：1. I see people move a bit on their seats just to share space to those needing seats.(1) see sb. do sth.(2) those needing seats 需要座位的人2. You save on the parking fees, the toll fees, the insurance cost, the repair and maint

47、enance costs, and the perceived costs of aggravation from motorists on the road, thefuel, among other costs.(1) save on sth. 節(jié)省，節(jié)約(2) the perceived costs of aggravation from motorists on the road 我們可以感覺到的馬路上的汽車司機開車造成的環(huán)境惡化的成本(3) among other costs 除了其他成本4 Light baggage to bring with youJust carry myse

48、lf and my tiny baggage. I occupy the least space, which is actually wherever I happened to be standing or sitting, which contributes to my baggage being very economical and lighter to carry. (3)If ever there would be untoward incidents while in transit, Id always be assured that I only have myself t

49、o worry about, which is unlike when youre in your car. If an accident happens while you are in your car, you will be doubly aggravated because you will have to keep tabs on things other than yourself (who, by then, may be extremely anxious or even, may the Lord forbid, in a worst situation).5 Strong push for long-term environmental projectsI am confident that I contribute more to efforts in sustaining and keeping a much cleaner environment. (4)Motorists always have to consider