狀語(yǔ)從句講解

1、狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句子中修飾謂語(yǔ)（或其他動(dòng)詞）、形容詞、副詞或是整個(gè)句子的從句被稱(chēng)為狀語(yǔ)從句。它可以用來(lái)表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，結(jié)果，條件，方式，比較，讓步等。主要考查不同種類(lèi)的狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞以及主句和狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。分類(lèi)引導(dǎo)詞例句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句由when , as, while, whenever, after, before, until, since, as soon as, by the time等引導(dǎo)I will call you_他回來(lái)了我給你打電話(huà)。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常由where, wherever等Where there is water,there is life.哪里有水，哪里

2、就有生命。條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用連詞是if, unless_,I will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我將待在家里。原因狀語(yǔ)從句最常用的連詞是because, since, as , for 等由于天冷，我要待在家里。_目的狀語(yǔ)從句常用連詞是so that, in order thatShe got up early_她起床早是未來(lái)能趕上早班車(chē)。結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由so.that , such.that, so that 等引導(dǎo)He was_he could say nothing.他那么興奮，以至于什么也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可由although，though，even if，even

3、 though等引導(dǎo)。_,he knows a lot.雖然他是一個(gè)孩子，但是他知道很多。方式狀語(yǔ)從句常由as，as if，as though等引導(dǎo)你必須按我教你的方法做這練習(xí)。You must do the exercise_比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用than，so( as) as等引導(dǎo)。我犯的錯(cuò)誤比你犯的多。_.時(shí)間：當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)，as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)間表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間。例如：As soon as the rain stops, we will leave. 雨一停，我們就離開(kāi)。一般情況下，時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表示“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”，用

4、“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表示“將來(lái)完成時(shí)”。由before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。注意before引導(dǎo)的從句不在用否定式的謂語(yǔ)。并且用before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)翻譯成“就，才?！边€要注意從句和主句之間的時(shí)間關(guān)系。當(dāng)主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)用的是過(guò)去時(shí)，則主句動(dòng)詞多用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。這樣以便體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后。After表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。主句和從句的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間關(guān)系正好與before引導(dǎo)的從句相反。由till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，一般情況下2者可以互換，但在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中多用until，并且要注意，如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)作是，必

5、須用否定形式，如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作時(shí)，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表帶的意思不同。由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬間動(dòng)詞。一般情況下，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在It is + 時(shí)間 + since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。By the time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，在一般情況下，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。連詞before, after, since, until(till). 當(dāng)他們表示時(shí)間時(shí)，他們既是介詞又是連詞

6、。He usually drinks a cup of tea before he goes to school. 連詞 He usually drinks a cup of tea before going to school. 介詞 He usually drinks a cup of coffee after he comes back from school. 連詞 He usually drinks a cup of coffee after coming back from school. 介詞 I have lived in Dalian since my son was bor

7、n in 1999. 連詞 通常情況下，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 I have lived in Dalian since 1999. 介詞 I will wait here until(till) you finish your job. 連詞 I will wait here until(till) 8pm. 介詞 主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)When the lights are red, the traffic must stop.主句為祈使句時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Please dont go to bed before you finish your homewor

8、k.When,while 和as和區(qū)別。用法例句When 表示從句的動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或先與主句動(dòng)作，可指一段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。When / While / As I was waiting for a bus, I met Tom.It was raining when he left home.While 表示從句的動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，指一段時(shí)間。Be quite while I am doing my homework.I was watching TV while he was sleeping.As 表示從句的動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，指一段時(shí)

9、間。意思是“一邊一邊.”as引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，一般用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。AS也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后”。She sang as she did the cooking.As we was going out,it began to rain.當(dāng)我們出門(mén)時(shí)，開(kāi)始下雨了。As強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的2個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)開(kāi)始下雨的特定時(shí)間。when, while, as. 它們都表示當(dāng)時(shí)候的意思。如果主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且都是進(jìn)行時(shí) 態(tài)，只用while, as. 其他情況下when, while, as通用。1 When he came in, I was listening to th

10、e radio 2 As I was wandering in the street, I met her. 3 While (as) I was watching TV, my mum was cooking in the kitchen. 地點(diǎn)：地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞where,特殊引導(dǎo)詞 wherever,anywhere,everwhere句型1. Where +地點(diǎn)從句，（there） + 主句。注意：此句型通常翻譯成“哪里。哪里就?！?，主句在從句后面時(shí),there可用可不用；如果主句在從句的前面時(shí)，一般都不用there.句型2.Anywhere / wherever, + 地點(diǎn)從句

11、， + 主句。條件：unless引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)只能用肯定形式，相當(dāng)于ifnot。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，若主句是將來(lái)時(shí)，從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo. 如果明天不下雨，我們將去動(dòng)物園。原因：原音狀語(yǔ)從句是表示原因或理由的，最常用的連詞是because, since , as , for 等。because 引導(dǎo)的原音狀語(yǔ)從句一般放在主句之后，because表示直接原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，最適合回答why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。since 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般放在主句之前，表示已知的，顯然的理由，通常被翻譯成“既然”，較正式，語(yǔ)

12、氣比because弱。Since you are free today, youd better help me with my English.既然今天你有空，你最好幫我補(bǔ)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句表示附帶說(shuō)明雙方已知的原因，語(yǔ)氣比since弱，較正式，為止也比較靈活（常放主句之前）。As it is raining, youd better take a taxi. 既然現(xiàn)在下雨，你最好乘坐出租車(chē)。for 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句并不說(shuō)明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供一些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后并且必須用都好將其與主句隔開(kāi)。I am full, for I ate

13、3 hamburgers just now. 我很飽，因?yàn)槲覄偛懦粤?個(gè)漢堡包。Because 不能與并列連詞so; though / although不能與but同時(shí)在句中使用。She was late for school because she missed the bus.=She missed the bus, so she was late for school.目的：目的狀語(yǔ)從句是表示行為動(dòng)作的目的。引導(dǎo)詞有that(以便)，so that (以便)，in order that(為了，以便)，for fear that(生怕，以免)，in case（萬(wàn)一）等。They set o

14、ut early that they might arrive in time. 他們?cè)琰c(diǎn)動(dòng)身，以便及時(shí)到達(dá)。I got up early so that I could catch the early bus. 我早起，以便趕上早班車(chē)。 （目的）He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard. 他盡力大聲叫喊，以便別人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。Take your umbrella in case it rains. 帶上雨傘，以防下雨。結(jié)果：結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句是表示行為動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，通常主句是原因，從句是結(jié)果，由sothat, su

15、chthat, so that等引導(dǎo)。so that可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。He worried so that he couldnt sleep. 他急得睡不著。 （結(jié)果）由于緊張，導(dǎo)致睡不著。sothat, suchthat的區(qū)別： so是副詞， such是形容詞so + 形容詞/ 副詞+ that so + 形容詞+ a/an + 名詞+thatHe speaks so fast that no one can catch him. 他說(shuō)話(huà)太快，沒(méi)人聽(tīng)得明白。There is so rapid an increase in population that a foo

16、d shortage is caused.人口增長(zhǎng)如此迅速，以致造成糧食短缺。sucha(an)adj.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞that suchadj.復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞thatsuchadj.不可數(shù)名詞thatThey are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 這些小說(shuō)非常有趣，我想再讀一遍。He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him. 他非常聰明，大家都非常喜歡他。注意：如果such后邊的名詞前由many、much、few、little等詞所修飾的話(huà)，則不用 suc

17、h而用soOur country has so much coal that she can export large quantities. 我們國(guó)家的煤炭資源非常豐富，可以大量出口。記兩個(gè)例子so cold a day such a cold day讓步：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句一般翻譯為“盡管，即使”。引導(dǎo)的連詞主要有though, although, as ,even if, even though, whetheror, no matter+疑問(wèn)詞，疑問(wèn)詞+ever等。though, although 意思大致相同，在一般情況下可以互相使用，在口語(yǔ)中，though較常實(shí)用。Although比th

18、ough正式，兩者都可以與yet, still或never連用，但不能與but連用。Though it was raining hard, he still went out. 或it was raining hard, but he still went out.不能說(shuō)Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.值得注意的是，although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)主句之前的情況較多，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以位于主句之前或主句之后。even if，even though表示“即使，縱使”之意，還有一種假設(shè)。even if 從句有

19、強(qiáng)烈的假定性，even though表示說(shuō)話(huà)人肯定了從句的事實(shí)。Even if he is poor, she loves him. 即使他很窮，她還是愛(ài)他。Even though he is poor, she loves him. 盡管他很窮，她還是愛(ài)他。No matter who=whoever, no matter what = whatever, no matter when= whenever, no matter where=whereverNo matter who you are, you must keep the law. = Whoever you are, you m

20、ust keep the law.不管你是誰(shuí)，你都要遵紀(jì)守法。As 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意思是“雖然，盡管”，通常從句要倒裝。倒裝的方法是將從句的表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)放as之前，而用though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)句子則不必倒裝。Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.Though it was raining heavily outside, they started out very early. 盡管外面下著大雨，他們還是很早就出發(fā)了。方式：方式狀語(yǔ)從句中as if, as though用法意義都相同，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

21、。 比較：比較狀語(yǔ)從句，than,as引導(dǎo)。比較級(jí)+than 比 as+原級(jí)+as 和一樣I am taller than him. 我比他高。He is as tall as his father. 他和他父親一樣高。選擇題1. Tom will call me as soon as he _home.A. gets B. has got C. got D. will get2.I wont be able to understand what you say,_you speak too quickly.A . if B. though C. because 3. I can still

22、remember meeting her at a party_ it was a long time ago.A. because B. though C. until D. if4. The teacher speaks very loudly _ all the students can hear her.A. so that B. because C. since D. when5. -Emma failed her exams. I think she should work harder.-I agree. _she does, she will get good grades.A

23、. If B. Because C. Before D. Though6.I was listening to music _my English teacher came in.A . until B. while C. since D. when 7. You should go over your test paper _you hand it in.A. before B. though C. because D. as soon as8. Many students didnt realize the importance of study_ they left school.A.

24、when B. until C. as D. after9. In summer, food goes bad easily _it is put in the refrigerator.A . until B. if C. unless 10. My sister got good grades this years _she studied hard.A. or B. unless C. because D. though11. The FIFA World Cup is _fantastic that a lot of people in the world are crazy abou

25、t it.A. such B. so C. very12. You have to leave now _you can catch the early bus.A. so that B. as soon as C. because D. if13. If you really hold on to your dreams, they _ true one day.A. came B. comes C. has come D. will come14. Mr Black gave a lot money to charities _he was not rich.A. but B. so C.

26、 though D. as if15._hard it was, he would never give up.A. Not matter what B. Not matter how C. No matter what D. No matter how16. Yesterday evening I was playing the piano _the doorbell rang.A. when B. before C. while D. after17. “Mary, turn off the water_ you are brushing your teeth.” “Sorry, Ill

27、do it at once.A. until B. while C during18. -What was the party like ?-Wonderful. Its years _I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. when C. before D. since19.-When can we discuss the picnic problem ?-_when we can , we must prepare for it right now.A. Ever since B. No matter C. Even though D. So that20

28、. Well never give up our plan _ happens.A. however B. whatever C. whenever D. wherever21.Dont talk loudly at the meeting. If you_, you will have to leave.A. are B. do C. did D. can22. If you_ to the Shanghai Expo next month ,I will go with you.A. go B. has gone C. will go D. are going23._，mother wil

29、l wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is he B. However he is lateC. However is he late D. However late he is用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空1.I met one of my old friends_I was walking along the street.2.I saw her_she was getting off the bus.3._you arent here on time tomorrow, Ill write to your parents.4.Could yo