基于CCD的彈簧管剛度測量裝置設計論文[帶圖紙].doc

哈爾濱工業(yè)大學華德應用技術學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）-I-摘要在航天、航海、航空領域常用的控制器件電液伺服閥和導向器件撓性陀螺中廣泛地使用精密彈性元件作為力敏單元獲得反饋信號。這些彈性元件的剛度參數(shù)對相對應的控制器件、導航器件的性能影響很大。隨著制造技術水平的提高以及航空航天技術的不斷發(fā)展，對精密彈性元件的加工精度和加工效率提出了更高的要求，所以研究以彈簧管為代表的該彈性元件的剛度精密測量技術對增強國防實力有著重要意義。本文首先綜述了國內外彈簧管剛度測量技術的發(fā)展概況，并對國內彈簧管剛度測量技術的研究現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題進行了比較全面的總結。為了展開對彈簧管剛度測量技術的基礎性研究，本文根據(jù)彈簧管的設計指標成功地研制了能夠實現(xiàn)自動加載、多點測量，并可自動地輸出剛度曲線的剛度測量系統(tǒng)。為了提高測量系統(tǒng)測量的精度，在測量系統(tǒng)的實驗數(shù)據(jù)處理中提出了一種基于灰色系統(tǒng)理論的粗大誤差判別法。其次，為了解決新型號大剛度值彈簧管剛度測量中重復測量精度差的問題，從測量系統(tǒng)的測量原理入手，在分析測量系統(tǒng)中誤差源的基礎上，重點研究了測量系統(tǒng)中各環(huán)節(jié)的彎曲變形以及環(huán)節(jié)間的接觸變形對測量精度的影響，基于齊次坐標變換和矢量鏈法建立了彈簧管的變形與傳感器實測變形之間的關系，并建立了誤差補償模型?？紤]接觸表面形貌建立了接觸力學模型和協(xié)調接觸方程，并用數(shù)值法求解接觸參數(shù)。最后，本文對彈簧管剛度測量作了大量的實驗研究。結果表明：接觸變形對測量精度的影響最大，臺板的彎曲變形的影響在其次，而其余環(huán)節(jié)的彎曲變形的影響則很小。另外，實驗還表明，隨著彈簧管剛度值的增大，變形對測量結果的影響程度隨之增大。在對兩種不同測量方法的比對實驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于大剛度值彈簧管，使用新方法會獲得較高的重復測量精度，而對小剛度彈簧管的影響不大。本文通過對不同試件有針對性地選擇測量方法，提高了測量效率和重復測量精度，為該類彈性元件的批量生產奠定了基礎。關鍵詞彈簧管；剛度；精密測量；誤差補償；接觸變形哈爾濱工業(yè)大學華德應用技術學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）-II-AbstractPreciseelasticpartsarewidelyusedassensitivepartstogainfeedbacksignalsinthecontrollinginstrumentsuchaselectro-hydraulicservovalveorthenavigationsystemsuchasflexiblenessgyrointhefieldofastronavigation,navigationandaviation.Theirstiffnessparametersdirectlycorrelatedwiththeperformancesofcorrespondingsystem.Therefore,notonlyhavearatherhighstandardbeensetfordimensionalprecisionandgeometricalprecisionofthem,butalsocertaindemandsaremadeagainsttheirsstiffnesscharacteristic.Duetotheircomplicatedgeometry,alongwithmachiningerrorsandchangesofmaterialscharacteristic,itisimpossibletogaintheaccuratevaluesofthestiffnessbycalculation.So,measurementistheonlywaytoassurethestiffnessrequirementinproduction.Atpresent,astheproductionlevelisadvancedwiththetechnologyofastronavigationandcontinuousdevelopmentofaviation,higheraccuracyandefficiencyinmeasurementaredemandedtomeetthem.Therefore,studiesonthestiffnessmeasuringofspringtubes,typicalplasticparts,isofgreatimportanceinenhancingstrengthofnationaldefense.Thisdissertationfirstlysummarizesthedevelopmentofstiffness-measuringinstrumentforspringtubes,andsumsupthecurrentresearchstatusandproblemsinthestiffnessmeasurement.Inordertoexpandthetheoryresearchonit,onestiffness-measuringsystemisdevelopedsuccessfullyaccordingtothedesignindexofthespringtubes,whichcanautomaticallyloadandoutputstiffnesscurvebymuti-pointsmeasurement.ThenonenewmethodfordeletinggrosserrorbasedonGreySystemTheoryisproposedinexperimentdataprocessingtoimprovethemeasuringaccuracy.TechnologyofdataaccumulationinGSTisusedtoweakentherandomnessofmeasureddataandenhancethetrenditemtofindoutthedataregularity.Experimentsprovethattheproposedmethodisespeciallyeffective哈爾濱工業(yè)大學華德應用技術學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）-III-whenthetestingdataarefewornostatisticallaws.Secondly,inordertoresearchonthepooraccuracyinstiffnessmeasurementofthestifferspringtubes,measuringprincipleispresentedanderrorsourcesinthemeasuringsystemareanalyzed.Inthemeasuringdevice,bendingdeformationofallpartsandcontactdeformationbetweenpartsjoinedtogetherarekeyfactorsaffectedthemeasuringaccuracy.Sorelationbetweenthetheoreticaldeformationofthetubesandthedetectingdeformationissetupbasedonhomogeneouscoordinatetransformationandvectorchainmethod.Onemodelforerrorscompensationisobtainedforimprovingmeasuringaccuracy.Contactdeformationbetweenthemeasuringrodandtubeisthemostcriticalfactoraffectingthemeasurementaccuracy.So,onecontactmodelandcorrespondingconformalcontactequationaresetupbyconsideringthesurfaceroughnessandthecontactcharacteristic.Numericalmethodisadoptedtosolvethecontactmodel.Thirdly,onenewmethodisproposedtomeasurethestiffnessofthestifferspringtubes,inwhichspecialclamparedesignedforthedirectlymeasuringoftheangulardeformationofthespringtubes.Inthenewmeasuringdevice,thebendingdeformationandcontactdeformationoccurredbeforecanbeavoidedandtherepeatabilityaccuracycanbeimprovedevidently,whichisprovedbyerroranalysisfornewdeviceandexperiments.Finally，lotsofexperimentalstudiesonstiffnessmeasurementofspringtubesarecarriedout.Theresultsshowthatcontactdeformationaffectsthemeasuringaccuracyseriously,thebendingdeformationofthefoundationplateisthesecondfactorandotherdeformationcanbeignored.Ontheotherhand,theexperimentalresultsarealsoshowthatasthevaluesincreaseerrorscausedbydeformationwillwicked.Bytheexperimentsofcomparisonoftwomeasuringmethod,oneconclusioncanbedrawn,whichisthatforstifferspringtubesnewmethodisagoodchoicetoobtainhighaccuracy,buttherearelittledifferencefornon-stifferones.哈爾濱工業(yè)大學華德應用技術學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）-IV-Measuringefficiencyandstabilitycanbeimprovedbydistributingpropermethodfordifferenttubes,whichLaysthegroundworkformassproductionofthiskindofelasticparts.KeywordsSpringtubes；Stiffness；Precisionmeasurement；Errorcompensation；Contactdeformation哈爾濱工業(yè)大學華德應用技術學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）-V-目錄摘要.I第1章緒論.-1-1.1彈簧管概述.-1-1.2彈簧管剛度檢測技術的發(fā)展及研究現(xiàn)狀.-3-1.3彈簧管剛度測量中相關理論綜述.-4-1.4本課題的主要研究內容.-4-第2章彈簧管剛度測量系統(tǒng)的研制.-6-2.1彈簧管的技術指標.-6-2.2彈簧管剛度測量系統(tǒng)總體方案的確定.-6-2.3測量臺架及測量夾具和調整裝置的結構設計.-7-2.4數(shù)據(jù)測量元件的選擇.-11-2.5剛度測量的主要步驟.-12-2.6測